在 C++ 中,可以使用库中的
sort()函数对结构体数组进行排序,使用
binary_search()` 函数进行查找。这里有一个示例展示了如何实现这两个操作:
首先,定义一个结构体类型,并包含所需的数据成员:
#include<iostream>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
struct Student {
int id;
string name;
};
接下来,编写一个比较函数,用于在排序时比较结构体中的特定数据成员。在本例中,我们将根据学生的 ID 进行排序:
bool compareStudents(const Student &a, const Student &b) {
return a.id < b.id;
}
然后,创建一个结构体数组,并添加一些数据:
int main() {
Student students[] = {
{3, "Alice"},
{1, "Bob"},
{4, "Charlie"},
{2, "David"}
};
int n = sizeof(students) / sizeof(Student);
现在,使用 sort()
函数对结构体数组进行排序:
sort(students, students + n, compareStudents);
接下来,使用 binary_search()
函数查找特定元素。为此,请提供要查找的 ID 值:
int targetId = 2;
bool found = binary_search(students, students + n, targetId,
[](const Student &s, int id) { return s.id < id; });
最后,输出排序后的数组以及查找结果:
cout << "Sorted array: "<< endl;
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
cout<< students[i].id << ": "<< students[i].name<< endl;
}
if (found) {
cout << "Found student with ID: "<< targetId<< endl;
} else {
cout << "Student not found"<< endl;
}
return 0;
}
完整代码如下:
#include<iostream>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
struct Student {
int id;
string name;
};
bool compareStudents(const Student &a, const Student &b) {
return a.id < b.id;
}
int main() {
Student students[] = {
{3, "Alice"},
{1, "Bob"},
{4, "Charlie"},
{2, "David"}
};
int n = sizeof(students) / sizeof(Student);
sort(students, students + n, compareStudents);
int targetId = 2;
bool found = binary_search(students, students + n, targetId,
[](const Student &s, int id) { return s.id < id; });
cout << "Sorted array: "<< endl;
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
cout<< students[i].id << ": "<< students[i].name<< endl;
}
if (found) {
cout << "Found student with ID: "<< targetId<< endl;
} else {
cout << "Student not found"<< endl;
}
return 0;
}
运行此程序,你将看到已排序的学生数组以及查找结果。