Ubuntu vsftpd自动挂载FTP服务器技巧

Automatically Mounting FTP Servers with vsftpd on Ubuntu: Key Techniques and Best Practices

Mounting an FTP server locally on Ubuntu allows seamless access to remote files as if they were on the local filesystem. While vsftpd is primarily an FTP server, you can configure Ubuntu to automatically mount remote FTP directories using tools like curlftpfs (for FTP) or sshfs (for SFTP/SCP). Below are step-by-step techniques to achieve this, including automating the process at boot.

1. Install Required Tools

Before mounting, install the necessary utilities:

• curlftpfs: For mounting FTP servers (install via sudo apt install curlftpfs).
• sshfs: For mounting SFTP servers (install via sudo apt install sshfs).
• fuse: The Filesystem in Userspace kernel module (pre-installed on most Ubuntu versions; install via sudo apt install fuse if missing).

These tools enable Ubuntu to interact with FTP/SFTP servers as a local filesystem.

2. Create a Local Mount Point

Designate a local directory to serve as the mount point for the remote FTP directory. For example:

sudo mkdir -p /mnt/ftp_remote

Replace /mnt/ftp_remote with your preferred path.

3. Mount the FTP Server Manually (Test First)

Use curlftpfs to mount the FTP server (replace placeholders with your actual credentials):

sudo curlftpfs -o user=FTP_USERNAME:FTP_PASSWORD,allow_other,uid=$(id -u),gid=$(id -g) ftp://FTP_SERVER_ADDRESS /mnt/ftp_remote

• Key Options:
  • user: Specifies the FTP username and password.
  • allow_other: Allows non-root users to access the mounted directory.
  • uid/gid: Sets the owner of mounted files to the current user (avoids permission issues).
• Example:

  sudo curlftpfs -o user=john:secret123,allow_other,uid=$(id -u),gid=$(id -g) ftp://ftp.example.com /mnt/ftp_remote
  

For SFTP (more secure), use sshfs:

sshfs FTP_USERNAME@FTP_SERVER_ADDRESS:/remote/directory /mnt/ftp_remote -o allow_other,default_permissions

4. Automate Mounting at Boot with /etc/fstab

To mount the FTP server automatically at system startup, edit the /etc/fstab file (use sudo nano /etc/fstab):

ftp://FTP_SERVER_ADDRESS /mnt/ftp_remote fuse.curlftpfs user=FTP_USERNAME:FTP_PASSWORD,allow_other,uid=$(id -u),gid=$(id -g),auto,user,exec 0 0

• Explanation:
  • auto: Mounts the directory at boot.
  • user: Allows any user to mount/unmount the directory.
  • exec: Permits execution of binaries on the mounted filesystem (if needed).
• For SFTP (using sshfs):

  FTP_USERNAME@FTP_SERVER_ADDRESS:/remote/directory /mnt/ftp_remote fuse.sshfs delay_connect,_netdev,user,allow_other,reconnect,ServerAliveInterval=15,ServerAliveCountMax=3 0 0
  

  • _netdev: Ensures the mount waits for the network to be up.
  • reconnect: Automatically reconnects if the connection drops.

Note: Storing plaintext passwords in /etc/fstab is insecure. For better security:

• Use SSH keys for SFTP (omit the password from the command).
• For FTP, store credentials in a separate file (e.g., ~/.ftp_credentials) with 600 permissions and reference it in /etc/fstab:

  ftp://FTP_SERVER_ADDRESS /mnt/ftp_remote fuse.curlftpfs noauto,user,exec,credentials=/home/youruser/.ftp_credentials,allow_other,uid=$(id -u),gid=$(id -g) 0 0
  

  Contents of ~/.ftp_credentials:

  user=FTP_USERNAME
  password=FTP_PASSWORD
  

5. Test the Automated Mount

Reboot your system to verify the mount happens automatically:

sudo reboot

After reboot, check if the directory is mounted:

df -h | grep ftp_remote

You should see the remote FTP directory listed.

6. Troubleshooting Common Issues

• Permission Denied: Ensure the mount point has the correct ownership (sudo chown -R $USER:$USER /mnt/ftp_remote) and allow_other is set in /etc/fstab.
• Connection Timeouts: Verify the FTP server’s IP address, port (default: 21), and network connectivity. For passive mode (recommended), add pasv_enable=YES and pasv_min_port/pasv_max_port to the vsftpd server’s config file (/etc/vsftpd.conf).
• FUSE Module Not Loaded: Load the module manually (sudo modprobe fuse) or add it to /etc/modules to load at boot.

By following these steps, you can securely and automatically mount an FTP server on Ubuntu, integrating remote files into your local workflow seamlessly.