在Linux下,inotify API允许应用程序监控文件系统事件,如文件的创建、删除、修改等。以下是使用inotify API的基本步骤:
#include <sys/inotify.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
int fd = inotify_init();
if (fd < 0) {
perror("inotify_init");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
使用inotify_add_watch函数来添加对特定文件或目录的监控。该函数返回一个唯一的监视描述符(watch descriptor)。
int wd = inotify_add_watch(fd, "/path/to/directory", IN_MODIFY | IN_CREATE | IN_DELETE);
if (wd < 0) {
perror("inotify_add_watch");
close(fd);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
IN_MODIFY: 文件被修改时触发。IN_CREATE: 文件或目录被创建时触发。IN_DELETE: 文件或目录被删除时触发。使用read函数从inotify文件描述符中读取事件。
char buffer[4096];
ssize_t length = read(fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer));
if (length < 0) {
perror("read");
close(fd);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
解析读取到的缓冲区,提取事件信息。
int i = 0;
while (i < length) {
struct inotify_event *event = (struct inotify_event *) &buffer[i];
if (event->len) {
if (event->mask & IN_CREATE) {
printf("File %s was created.\n", event->name);
}
if (event->mask & IN_DELETE) {
printf("File %s was deleted.\n", event->name);
}
if (event->mask & IN_MODIFY) {
printf("File %s was modified.\n", event->name);
}
}
i += sizeof(struct inotify_event) + event->len;
}
inotify_rm_watch(fd, wd);
close(fd);
#include <sys/inotify.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
int main() {
int fd = inotify_init();
if (fd < 0) {
perror("inotify_init");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
int wd = inotify_add_watch(fd, "/path/to/directory", IN_MODIFY | IN_CREATE | IN_DELETE);
if (wd < 0) {
perror("inotify_add_watch");
close(fd);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
char buffer[4096];
ssize_t length = read(fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer));
if (length < 0) {
perror("read");
close(fd);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
int i = 0;
while (i < length) {
struct inotify_event *event = (struct inotify_event *) &buffer[i];
if (event->len) {
if (event->mask & IN_CREATE) {
printf("File %s was created.\n", event->name);
}
if (event->mask & IN_DELETE) {
printf("File %s was deleted.\n", event->name);
}
if (event->mask & IN_MODIFY) {
printf("File %s was modified.\n", event->name);
}
}
i += sizeof(struct inotify_event) + event->len;
}
inotify_rm_watch(fd, wd);
close(fd);
return 0;
}
inotify API有监控数量的限制,可以通过/proc/sys/fs/inotify/max_user_watches文件查看和修改。通过以上步骤,你可以在Linux下使用inotify API来监控文件系统的变化。