linux

Linux下inotify API如何调用

小樊
38
2025-11-26 18:15:28
栏目: 智能运维

在Linux下,inotify API允许应用程序监控文件系统事件,如文件的创建、删除、修改等。以下是使用inotify API的基本步骤:

1. 包含必要的头文件

#include <sys/inotify.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

2. 创建inotify实例

int fd = inotify_init();
if (fd < 0) {
    perror("inotify_init");
    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}

3. 添加监控

使用inotify_add_watch函数来添加对特定文件或目录的监控。该函数返回一个唯一的监视描述符(watch descriptor)。

int wd = inotify_add_watch(fd, "/path/to/directory", IN_MODIFY | IN_CREATE | IN_DELETE);
if (wd < 0) {
    perror("inotify_add_watch");
    close(fd);
    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}

4. 读取事件

使用read函数从inotify文件描述符中读取事件。

char buffer[4096];
ssize_t length = read(fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer));
if (length < 0) {
    perror("read");
    close(fd);
    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}

5. 解析事件

解析读取到的缓冲区,提取事件信息。

int i = 0;
while (i < length) {
    struct inotify_event *event = (struct inotify_event *) &buffer[i];
    if (event->len) {
        if (event->mask & IN_CREATE) {
            printf("File %s was created.\n", event->name);
        }
        if (event->mask & IN_DELETE) {
            printf("File %s was deleted.\n", event->name);
        }
        if (event->mask & IN_MODIFY) {
            printf("File %s was modified.\n", event->name);
        }
    }
    i += sizeof(struct inotify_event) + event->len;
}

6. 移除监控并关闭inotify实例

inotify_rm_watch(fd, wd);
close(fd);

完整示例代码

#include <sys/inotify.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

int main() {
    int fd = inotify_init();
    if (fd < 0) {
        perror("inotify_init");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    int wd = inotify_add_watch(fd, "/path/to/directory", IN_MODIFY | IN_CREATE | IN_DELETE);
    if (wd < 0) {
        perror("inotify_add_watch");
        close(fd);
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    char buffer[4096];
    ssize_t length = read(fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer));
    if (length < 0) {
        perror("read");
        close(fd);
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    int i = 0;
    while (i < length) {
        struct inotify_event *event = (struct inotify_event *) &buffer[i];
        if (event->len) {
            if (event->mask & IN_CREATE) {
                printf("File %s was created.\n", event->name);
            }
            if (event->mask & IN_DELETE) {
                printf("File %s was deleted.\n", event->name);
            }
            if (event->mask & IN_MODIFY) {
                printf("File %s was modified.\n", event->name);
            }
        }
        i += sizeof(struct inotify_event) + event->len;
    }

    inotify_rm_watch(fd, wd);
    close(fd);

    return 0;
}

注意事项

通过以上步骤,你可以在Linux下使用inotify API来监控文件系统的变化。

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