Ubuntu Java如何实现WebSocket通信 - 问答

在Ubuntu上使用Java实现WebSocket通信，你可以选择多种库和框架。以下是一些流行的选择：

Java-WebSocket: Java-WebSocket是一个用于WebSocket协议的Java库。它提供了一个简单的API来创建WebSocket客户端和服务器。

安装: 你可以直接将Java-WebSocket库添加到你的项目中。如果你使用Maven，可以在pom.xml文件中添加以下依赖：

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.java-websocket</groupId>
    <artifactId>Java-WebSocket</artifactId>
    <version>1.5.1</version>
</dependency>

服务器端示例:

import org.java_websocket.WebSocket;
import org.java_websocket.handshake.ClientHandshake;
import org.java_websocket.server.WebSocketServer;

import java.net.InetSocketAddress;

public class MyWebSocketServer extends WebSocketServer {

    public MyWebSocketServer(int port) {
        super(new InetSocketAddress(port));
    }

    @Override
    public void onOpen(WebSocket conn, ClientHandshake handshake) {
        System.out.println("New connection from " + conn.getRemoteSocketAddress().getAddress().getHostAddress());
    }

    @Override
    public void onClose(WebSocket conn, int code, String reason, boolean remote) {
        System.out.println("Closed connection to " + conn.getRemoteSocketAddress().getAddress().getHostAddress());
    }

    @Override
    public void onMessage(WebSocket conn, String message) {
        System.out.println("Received message from " + conn.getRemoteSocketAddress().getAddress().getHostAddress() + ": " + message);
    }

    @Override
    public void onError(WebSocket conn, Exception ex) {
        ex.printStackTrace();
    }

    @Override
    public void onStart() {
        System.out.println("Server started!");
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int port = 8887; // 选择一个端口
        MyWebSocketServer server = new MyWebSocketServer(port);
        server.start();
        System.out.println("WebSocket server started on port: " + port);
    }
}

客户端示例:

import org.java_websocket.client.WebSocketClient;
import org.java_websocket.handshake.ServerHandshake;

import java.net.URI;
import java.net.URISyntaxException;

public class MyWebSocketClient extends WebSocketClient {

    public MyWebSocketClient(URI serverUri) {
        super(serverUri);
    }

    @Override
    public void onOpen(ServerHandshake handshakedata) {
        System.out.println("Connected to server");
    }

    @Override
    public void onMessage(String message) {
        System.out.println("Received message: " + message);
    }

    @Override
    public void onClose(int code, String reason, boolean remote) {
        System.out.println("Connection closed by " + (remote ? "remote peer" : "us") + " Code: " + code + " Reason: " + reason);
    }

    @Override
    public void onError(Exception ex) {
        ex.printStackTrace();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws URISyntaxException {
        URI uri = new URI("ws://localhost:8887"); // WebSocket服务器地址
        MyWebSocketClient client = new MyWebSocketClient(uri);
        client.connect();
    }
}

Spring Boot with Spring WebFlux: 如果你使用Spring Boot，可以利用Spring WebFlux来创建响应式的WebSocket通信。

添加依赖: 在pom.xml中添加以下依赖：

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webflux</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-websocket</artifactId>
</dependency>

WebSocket配置:

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.messaging.simp.config.MessageBrokerRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.socket.config.annotation.EnableWebSocketMessageBroker;
import org.springframework.web.socket.config.annotation.StompEndpointRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.socket.config.annotation.WebSocketMessageBrokerConfigurer;

@Configuration
@EnableWebSocketMessageBroker
public class WebSocketConfig implements WebSocketMessageBrokerConfigurer {

    @Override
    public void configureMessageBroker(MessageBrokerRegistry config) {
        config.enableSimpleBroker("/topic");
        config.setApplicationDestinationPrefixes("/app");
    }

    @Override
    public void registerStompEndpoints(StompEndpointRegistry registry) {
        registry.addEndpoint("/ws").withSockJS();
    }
}

消息处理:

import org.springframework.messaging.handler.annotation.MessageMapping;
import org.springframework.messaging.handler.annotation.SendTo;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;

@Controller
public class WebSocketController {

    @MessageMapping("/greeting")
    @SendTo("/topic/greetings")
    public Greeting greeting(HelloMessage message) throws Exception {
        Thread.sleep(1000); // simulated delay
        return new Greeting("Hello, " + HtmlUtils.htmlEscape(message.getName()) + "!");
    }
}

客户端: 客户端可以使用JavaScript的SockJS和Stomp.js库来连接WebSocket服务器。

<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/sockjs-client@1/dist/sockjs.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/stomp-websocket@2.3.3/lib/stomp.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
    var stompClient = null;

    function connect() {
        var socket = new SockJS('/ws');
        stompClient = Stomp.over(socket);
        stompClient.connect({}, function (frame) {
            console.log('Connected: ' + frame);
            stompClient.subscribe('/topic/greetings', function (greeting) {
                showGreeting(JSON.parse(greeting.body).content);
            });
        });
    }

    function sendName() {
        stompClient.send("/app/greeting", {}, JSON.stringify({'name': $("#name").val()}));
    }

    function showGreeting(message) {
        $("#greetings").append("<tr><td>" + message + "</td></tr>");
    }

    $(function () {
        $("form").on('submit', function (e) {
            e.preventDefault();
        });
        $( "#connect" ).click(function() { connect(); });
        $( "#send" ).click(function() { sendName(); });
    });
</script>

这些是在Ubuntu上使用Java实现WebSocket通信的一些基本方法。你可以根据自己的需求选择合适的库和框架。记得在开发过程中检查库的版本兼容性和依赖关系。

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