c++ complex类的运算符重载如何实现

在C++中，std::complex是一个模板类，用于表示复数。它已经为你提供了一系列运算符重载，例如+、-、*和/，以及相等和不等运算符。然而，如果你想要自定义一个复数类并实现这些运算符重载，以下是一个简单的示例：

#include<iostream>

class Complex {
public:
    Complex(double real, double imag) : real_(real), imag_(imag) {}

    // Getters
    double real() const { return real_; }
    double imag() const { return imag_; }

    // Operator overloads
    Complex operator+(const Complex& other) const {
        return Complex(real_ + other.real_, imag_ + other.imag_);
    }

    Complex operator-(const Complex& other) const {
        return Complex(real_ - other.real_, imag_ - other.imag_);
    }

    Complex operator*(const Complex& other) const {
        double real_part = real_ * other.real_ - imag_ * other.imag_;
        double imag_part = real_ * other.imag_ + imag_ * other.real_;
        return Complex(real_part, imag_part);
    }

    Complex operator/(const Complex& other) const {
        double denominator = other.real_ * other.real_ + other.imag_ * other.imag_;
        double real_part = (real_ * other.real_ + imag_ * other.imag_) / denominator;
        double imag_part = (imag_ * other.real_ - real_ * other.imag_) / denominator;
        return Complex(real_part, imag_part);
    }

    bool operator==(const Complex& other) const {
        return real_ == other.real_ && imag_ == other.imag_;
    }

    bool operator!=(const Complex& other) const {
        return !(*this == other);
    }

private:
    double real_;
    double imag_;
};

int main() {
    Complex a(3, 4);
    Complex b(1, 2);

    Complex c = a + b;
    Complex d = a - b;
    Complex e = a * b;
    Complex f = a / b;

    std::cout << "a + b = (" << c.real() << ", " << c.imag() << ")\n";
    std::cout << "a - b = (" << d.real() << ", " << d.imag() << ")\n";
    std::cout << "a * b = (" << e.real() << ", " << e.imag() << ")\n";
    std::cout << "a / b = (" << f.real() << ", " << f.imag() << ")\n";

    return 0;
}

这个示例中的Complex类实现了加法、减法、乘法和除法运算符重载。同时还实现了相等和不等运算符重载。注意，这里的运算符重载函数都是const成员函数，因为它们不应该修改对象的状态。