c# linux开发怎样实现网络通信 - 问答

在C#中进行Linux开发并实现网络通信，你可以使用.NET Core或.NET 5/6/7等跨平台框架。以下是一个简单的示例，展示了如何使用C#和.NET Core在Linux上实现TCP网络通信。

服务器端

创建一个新的控制台应用程序：

dotnet new console -o NetworkCommunicationServer
cd NetworkCommunicationServer

添加必要的NuGet包：
```
dotnet add package System.Net.Sockets
```

编写服务器代码：

using System;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

class Program
{
    static async Task Main(string[] args)
    {
        // 监听端口
        int port = 5000;
        IPAddress ipAddress = IPAddress.Any;
        TcpListener server = null;

        try
        {
            server = new TcpListener(ipAddress, port);
            Console.WriteLine($"Server started on {ipAddress}:{port}");

            // 开始监听连接
            server.Start();

            while (true)
            {
                // 等待客户端连接
                Console.Write("Waiting for client connection...");
                TcpClient client = await server.AcceptTcpClientAsync();
                Console.WriteLine("Client connected!");

                // 处理客户端请求
                HandleClient(client);
            }
        }
        catch (Exception e)
        {
            Console.WriteLine($"Error: {e.Message}");
        }
        finally
        {
            server?.Stop();
        }
    }

    static async Task HandleClient(TcpClient client)
    {
        NetworkStream stream = client.GetStream();
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int bytesRead;

        // 读取客户端发送的数据
        while ((bytesRead = await stream.ReadAsync(buffer, 0, buffer.Length)) != 0)
        {
            string data = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(buffer, 0, bytesRead);
            Console.WriteLine($"Received: {data}");

            // 发送响应给客户端
            string response = "Hello from server!";
            byte[] responseBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(response);
            await stream.WriteAsync(responseBytes, 0, responseBytes.Length);
        }

        client.Close();
        Console.WriteLine("Client disconnected.");
    }
}

客户端

创建一个新的控制台应用程序：

dotnet new console -o NetworkCommunicationClient
cd NetworkCommunicationClient

添加必要的NuGet包：
```
dotnet add package System.Net.Sockets
```

编写客户端代码：

using System;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

class Program
{
    static async Task Main(string[] args)
    {
        // 服务器地址和端口
        string serverAddress = "127.0.0.1";
        int serverPort = 5000;

        // 创建TCP客户端
        TcpClient client = new TcpClient(serverAddress, serverPort);
        NetworkStream stream = client.GetStream();
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int bytesRead;

        // 发送数据给服务器
        string message = "Hello from client!";
        byte[] messageBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(message);
        await stream.WriteAsync(messageBytes, 0, messageBytes.Length);

        // 读取服务器的响应
        while ((bytesRead = await stream.ReadAsync(buffer, 0, buffer.Length)) != 0)
        {
            string response = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(buffer, 0, bytesRead);
            Console.WriteLine($"Received: {response}");
        }

        client.Close();
        Console.WriteLine("Disconnected from server.");
    }
}

运行示例

启动服务器：在NetworkCommunicationServer目录下运行以下命令：
```
dotnet run
```
启动客户端：在NetworkCommunicationClient目录下运行以下命令：
```
dotnet run
```

你应该会看到服务器和客户端之间的消息传递。

其他网络通信方式

除了TCP，你还可以使用UDP、HTTP/HTTPS、WebSocket等进行网络通信。以下是一些示例：

UDP通信

服务器端：

using System;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

class Program
{
    static async Task Main(string[] args)
    {
        int port = 5001;
        IPAddress ipAddress = IPAddress.Any;
        UdpClient udpServer = null;

        try
        {
            udpServer = new UdpClient(port);
            Console.WriteLine($"UDP Server started on {ipAddress}:{port}");

            while (true)
            {
                byte[] bytesReceived = await udpServer.ReceiveAsync();
                string receivedData = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(bytesReceived.Buffer, 0, bytesReceived.BytesReceived);
                Console.WriteLine($"Received: {receivedData}");

                string response = "Hello from UDP server!";
                byte[] responseBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(response);
                udpServer.Send(responseBytes, responseBytes.Length, bytesReceived.RemoteEndPoint);
            }
        }
        catch (Exception e)
        {
            Console.WriteLine($"Error: {e.Message}");
        }
        finally
        {
            udpServer?.Close();
        }
    }
}

客户端：

using System;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

class Program
{
    static async Task Main(string[] args)
    {
        string serverAddress = "127.0.0.1";
        int serverPort = 5001;

        UdpClient udpClient = new UdpClient();
        IPEndPoint serverEndPoint = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Parse(serverAddress), serverPort);

        string message = "Hello from UDP client!";
        byte[] messageBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(message);
        udpClient.Send(messageBytes, messageBytes.Length, serverEndPoint);

        byte[] bytesReceived = await udpClient.ReceiveAsync();
        string response = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(bytesReceived.Buffer, 0, bytesReceived.BytesReceived);
        Console.WriteLine($"Received: {response}");

        udpClient.Close();
        Console.WriteLine("Disconnected from UDP server.");
    }
}

HTTP/HTTPS通信

你可以使用HttpClient类进行HTTP请求和响应处理。

服务器端（使用ASP.NET Core）：

using System;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;

namespace NetworkCommunicationServer
{
    public class Startup
    {
        public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env)
        {
            if (env.IsDevelopment())
            {
                app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
            }

            app.UseRouting();

            app.UseEndpoints(endpoints =>
            {
                endpoints.MapGet("/", async context =>
                {
                    await context.Response.WriteAsync("Hello from server!");
                });
            });
        }
    }
}

客户端：

using System;
using System.Net.Http;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

class Program
{
    static async Task Main(string[] args)
    {
        using var httpClient = new HttpClient();
        HttpResponseMessage response = await httpClient.GetAsync("http://127.0.0.1:5000");
        string responseBody = await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();
        Console.WriteLine(responseBody);
    }
}

WebSocket通信

服务器端（使用ASP.NET Core）：

using System;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.WebSockets;

namespace NetworkCommunicationServer
{
    public class Startup
    {
        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            services.AddControllersWithViews();
            services.AddWebSocket();
        }

        public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env)
        {
            if (env.IsDevelopment())
            {
                app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
            }

            app.UseRouting();

            app.UseEndpoints(endpoints =>
            {
                endpoints.MapControllerRoute(
                    name: "default",
                    pattern: "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}");

                endpoints.MapWebSocket("/ws", new WebSocketOptions()
                {
                    KeepAliveInterval = TimeSpan.Zero,
                    CloseTimeout = TimeSpan.Zero
                });
            });
        }
    }

    public class HomeController : Controller
    {
        [HttpGet]
        public IActionResult Index()
        {
            return View();
        }

        [HttpGet("ws")]
        public async Task<IActionResult> WebSocket(WebSocketContext context)
        {
            byte[] buffer = new byte[1024 * 4];
            WebSocketReceiveResult result;

            do
            {
                result = await context.接收Async(new ArraySegment<byte>(buffer));
                string message = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(buffer, 0, result.Count);
                Console.WriteLine($"Received: {message}");

                string response = "Hello from server!";
                byte[] responseBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(response);
                await context.SendAsync(new ArraySegment<byte>(responseBytes));
            } while (!result.CloseStatus.HasValue);

            return new EmptyResult();
        }
    }
}

客户端：

using System;
using System.Net.WebSockets;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

class Program
{
    static async Task Main(string[] args)
    {
        using var socket = new ClientWebSocket();
        await socket.ConnectAsync("ws://127.0.0.1:5000/ws", CancellationToken.None);

        string message = "Hello from client!";
        byte[] messageBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(message);
        await socket.SendAsync(new ArraySegment<byte>(messageBytes), WebSocketMessageType.Text, true);

        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024 * 4];
        WebSocketReceiveResult result;

        do
        {
            result = await socket.ReceiveAsync(new ArraySegment<byte>(buffer), CancellationToken.None);
            string response = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(buffer, 0, result.Count);
            Console.WriteLine($"Received: {response}");
        } while (!result.CloseStatus.HasValue);

        socket.CloseAsync(WebSocketCloseStatus.NormalClosure, "Goodbye from client!", CancellationToken.None).Wait();
    }
}

这些示例展示了如何在C#中使用.NET Core在Linux上实现不同类型的网络通信。你可以根据需要选择合适的方式进行通信。

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