centos

如何在CentOS上实现负载均衡

小樊
42
2025-03-11 17:12:34
栏目: 云计算

在CentOS上实现负载均衡可以通过多种方法,以下是几种常见的方法:

使用LVS(Linux Virtual Server)和Keepalived实现高可用负载均衡

  1. 安装LVS和Keepalived

首先,安装LVS和Keepalived。可以使用以下命令:

yum install ipvsadm keepalived -y
  1. 配置LVS

创建一个LVS配置文件,例如lvs.cf,并添加后端真实服务器和虚拟服务:

ipvsadm -C
ipvsadm -a -t 192.168.1.100:80 -r 192.168.1.101:80 -m
ipvsadm -a -t 192.168.1.100:80 -r 192.168.1.102:80 -m
ipvsadm -A -t 192.168.1.100:80 -s rr
ipvsadm -a -t 192.168.1.100:80 -r 192.168.1.103:80 -g
  1. 配置Keepalived

在主负载均衡器上配置Keepalived:

vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

添加以下内容:

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER
    interface eth0
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 100
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 密码
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.1.100
    }
}

在备份负载均衡器上进行类似的配置,将state设置为BACKUP,并将priority设置为较低的值。

  1. 启动服务

启动LVS和Keepalived服务:

systemctl start ipvsadm
systemctl start keepalived

使用Nginx实现负载均衡

  1. 安装Nginx

使用以下命令安装Nginx:

yum install nginx -y
  1. 配置Nginx

编辑Nginx配置文件,例如/etc/nginx/nginx.conf,添加以下内容:

http {
    upstream backend {
        server backend1.example.com;
        server backend2.example.com;
    }

    server {
        listen 80;
        server_name example.com;

        location / {
            proxy_pass http://backend;
        }
    }
}
  1. 启动Nginx

启动Nginx服务:

systemctl start nginx
systemctl enable nginx

使用HAProxy实现负载均衡

  1. 安装HAProxy

使用以下命令安装HAProxy:

yum install haproxy -y
  1. 配置HAProxy

编辑HAProxy配置文件,例如/etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg,添加以下内容:

global
    log /dev/log local0
    log /dev/log local1 notice
    maxconn 4096
    tune.ssl.default-dh-param 2048

defaults
    log global
    mode http
    option httplog
    option dontlognull
    retries 3
    timeout http-request 10s
    timeout queue 1m
    timeout connect 10s
    timeout client 1m
    timeout server 1m

frontend http-in
    bind *:80
    default_backend servers

backend servers
    balance roundrobin
    server backend1 192.168.0.101:80 check
    server backend2 192.168.0.102:80 check
  1. 启动HAProxy

启动HAProxy服务:

systemctl start haproxy
systemctl enable haproxy

以上是在CentOS上实现负载均衡的几种常见方法。根据具体需求和环境,可以选择适合的负载均衡方案。

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