如何在Ubuntu上部署Oracle应用服务器

Pre-Installation Preparation
Before deploying Oracle Application Server on Ubuntu, complete these critical steps to ensure compatibility and avoid installation issues:

• Verify System Compatibility: Confirm your Ubuntu version is supported by Oracle Application Server (e.g., Ubuntu 20.04/22.04 for recent releases). Check Oracle’s official documentation for the latest supported Linux distributions.
• Install Required Dependencies: Run sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y gcc make binutils libaio1 unixodbc libmotif3 libxtst6 libstdc++6 to install essential libraries for Oracle components.
• Create Dedicated OS User/Groups: Execute sudo groupadd oinstall && sudo groupadd dba && sudo useradd -g oinstall -G dba -d /home/oracle -s /bin/bash oracle && sudo passwd oracle to create a privileged user (oracle) for installation and management.
• Configure Kernel Parameters: Edit /etc/sysctl.conf to optimize system performance. Add/modify these lines:

  kernel.shmall = 2097152  
  kernel.shmmax = 2147483648  
  kernel.shmmni = 4096  
  kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128  
  fs.file-max = 65536  
  net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000  
  

  Apply changes with sudo sysctl -p.
• Set User Limits: Edit /etc/security/limits.conf to increase resource allowances for the oracle user:

  oracle soft nproc 2047  
  oracle hard nproc 16384  
  oracle soft nofile 1024  
  oracle hard nofile 65536  
  

• Prepare Installation Media: Download the Oracle Application Server package from Oracle’s website. Extract it to a temporary directory (e.g., /tmp/oracle_app_server).

Install Oracle Application Server
Follow these steps to install the software:

• Switch to Oracle User: Run su - oracle to switch to the oracle user created earlier.
• Set Environment Variables: Configure critical paths for the installation. Add these lines to ~/.bashrc:

  export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle  
  export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.1.3.1.0  
  export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH  
  export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH  
  export DISPLAY=:0.0  
  

  Run source ~/.bashrc to apply changes.
• Start the Installer: Navigate to the extracted directory and launch the Oracle Universal Installer (OUI):

  cd /tmp/oracle_app_server  
  ./runInstaller  
  

• Complete the GUI Wizard: Follow the on-screen instructions:
  1. Select “Install Oracle Application Server” and click “Next.”
  2. Choose the installation type (e.g., “Java Developer Topology” for J2EE apps) and click “Next.”
  3. Specify the Oracle Home directory (e.g., /u01/app/oracle/product/10.1.3.1.0) and click “Next.”
  4. Set the password for administrative users (SYS, SYSTEM) and click “Next.”
  5. Verify all settings and click “Install” to begin the installation.
• Run Root Scripts: After installation, the OUI will prompt you to run root scripts. Switch to the root user (sudo su -) and execute the provided commands (e.g., /u01/app/oracle/product/10.1.3.1.0/root.sh).
• Complete the Installation: Click “OK” in the OUI to finish. The installer will generate a summary log for troubleshooting.

Post-Installation Configuration
After installation, configure the server for optimal performance and security:

• Verify Installation: Run emctl status dbconsole to check the status of Oracle Enterprise Manager (OEM). Access OEM via http://<server-ip>:1158/em to manage the database.
• Configure Database Listeners: Use netca (Net Configuration Assistant) to set up listeners for remote connections. Run netca from the terminal and follow the wizard to create a listener on port 1521.
• Create a Database Instance: Use dbca (Database Configuration Assistant) to create a new database. Select “Create a Database” and follow the prompts to configure the SID, character set (e.g., AL32UTF8), and password for administrative users.
• Optimize Performance: Adjust kernel parameters further based on workload (e.g., increase shmmax for large databases). Monitor system resources using tools like top or vmstat to identify bottlenecks.

Troubleshooting Common Issues

• X11 Display Errors: If you encounter “Can’t open display” errors during installation, run xhost +<remote-ip> on your local machine to allow remote connections, then set DISPLAY=<local-ip>:0.0 on the Ubuntu server.
• Missing Dependencies: If the installer fails due to missing libraries, install them using apt (e.g., sudo apt install -y libaio1 unixodbc) and rerun the installer.
• Port Conflicts: Ensure port 1521 (listener) and 1158 (OEM) are not used by other services. Use netstat -tuln | grep <port> to check port availability.