CentOS 更新步骤与自动化配置
一、准备与检查
cat /etc/redhat-releasecat /etc/centos-release(出现 Stream 即为 CentOS Stream)sudo yum check-update 仅查看可用更新,不实际安装。二、手动触发更新
sudo yum update --refreshsudo yum update --securitysudo yum update <package_name>sudo dnf updatesudo dnf upgrade kernelsudo dnf update <package_name>sudo reboot。三、设置自动更新
sudo yum install -y yum-cronsudo systemctl enable --now yum-cronupdate_cmd = default;仅安全更新:update_cmd = securitydownload_updates = yes、apply_updates = yesemit_via = email,并设置 email_from、email_tosudo dnf install -y dnf-automaticupgrade_type = default;仅安全更新:upgrade_type = securityapply_updates = yes(仅下载不安装则设为 no)emit_via = email 并配置发件人与收件人sudo systemctl enable --now dnf-automatic.timersystemctl list-timers *dnf-*四、更新后的验证与回滚建议
rpm -q <package_name>、uname -rsudo journalctl -xe 或 /var/log/dnf.log、/var/log/yum.log五、常见问题与处理
sudo dnf distro-sync(或 sudo yum distro-sync)--best、--allowerasing 解决依赖,务必在变更前确认影响范围apply_updates = no,或使用 dnf-automatic 的下载模式;定时任务仅负责下载与通知systemctl list-timers *dnf-*systemctl status yum-cron/etc/dnf/automatic.conf 或 /etc/yum/yum-cron.conf 的 emit_via 与邮箱参数