Linux环境下Golang如何实现网络通信

在Linux环境下，使用Golang实现网络通信可以通过多种方式，包括TCP、UDP、HTTP等。以下是一些基本的示例：

TCP通信

服务器端

package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"net"
)

func main() {
	listener, err := net.Listen("tcp", ":8080")
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println("Error listening:", err.Error())
		return
	}
	defer listener.Close()

	fmt.Println("Listening on :8080")

	for {
		conn, err := listener.Accept()
		if err != nil {
			fmt.Println("Error accepting:", err.Error())
			continue
		}
		go handleRequest(conn)
	}
}

func handleRequest(conn net.Conn) {
	defer conn.Close()

	reader := bufio.NewReader(conn)
	message, err := reader.ReadString('\n')
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println("Error reading:", err.Error())
		return
	}
	fmt.Print("Received message: ", string(message))
	conn.Write([]byte("Message received\n"))
}

客户端

package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"net"
)

func main() {
	conn, err := net.Dial("tcp", "localhost:8080")
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println("Error connecting:", err.Error())
		return
	}
	defer conn.Close()

	fmt.Fprintf(conn, "Hello, Server!\n")

	message, err := bufio.NewReader(conn).ReadString('\n')
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println("Error reading:", err.Error())
		return
	}
	fmt.Print("Received from server: ", message)
}

UDP通信

服务器端

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"net"
)

func main() {
	address, err := net.ResolveUDPAddr("udp", ":8081")
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}

	conn, err := net.ListenUDP("udp", address)
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}
	defer conn.Close()

	fmt.Println("Listening on :8081")

	buffer := make([]byte, 1024)
	for {
		n, addr, err := conn.ReadFromUDP(buffer)
		if err != nil {
			fmt.Println("Error reading:", err.Error())
			continue
		}
		fmt.Printf("Received message: %s from %s\n", string(buffer[:n]), addr.String())
		conn.WriteToUDP([]byte("Message received"), addr)
	}
}

客户端

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"net"
)

func main() {
	address, err := net.ResolveUDPAddr("udp", "localhost:8081")
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}

	conn, err := net.DialUDP("udp", nil, address)
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}
	defer conn.Close()

	message := []byte("Hello, Server!")
	_, err = conn.Write(message)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println("Error sending:", err.Error())
		return
	}

	buffer := make([]byte, 1024)
	n, _, err := conn.ReadFromUDP(buffer)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println("Error reading:", err.Error())
		return
	}
	fmt.Printf("Received from server: %s\n", string(buffer[:n]))
}

HTTP通信

服务器端

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"net/http"
)

func handler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Hello, World!")
}

func main() {
	http.HandleFunc("/", handler)
	fmt.Println("Starting server at port 8082")
	if err := http.ListenAndServe(":8082", nil); err != nil {
		fmt.Println("Error starting server:", err.Error())
	}
}

客户端

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"io/ioutil"
	"net/http"
)

func main() {
	resp, err := http.Get("http://localhost:8082")
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println("Error making request:", err.Error())
		return
	}
	defer resp.Body.Close()

	body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println("Error reading response body:", err.Error())
		return
	}
	fmt.Print("Response from server: ", string(body))
}

这些示例展示了如何在Linux环境下使用Golang进行基本的网络通信。你可以根据具体需求选择合适的协议和实现方式。