在 Spring Boot 中整合 Kafka 并实现消息路由,你需要遵循以下步骤:
在你的 Spring Boot 项目的 pom.xml
文件中,添加 Kafka 和 Spring Kafka 的依赖:
<dependencies>
<!-- Spring Kafka -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.kafka</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-kafka</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- Kafka Client -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.kafka</groupId>
<artifactId>kafka-clients</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
在 application.properties
或 application.yml
文件中,配置 Kafka 的相关参数:
# application.properties
spring.kafka.bootstrap-servers=localhost:9092
spring.kafka.consumer.group-id=my-group
spring.kafka.consumer.auto-offset-reset=earliest
spring.kafka.consumer.key-deserializer=org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer
spring.kafka.consumer.value-deserializer=org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer
spring.kafka.producer.key-serializer=org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringSerializer
spring.kafka.producer.value-serializer=org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringSerializer
创建一个配置类,用于定义消息路由规则。在这个类中,你需要使用 @Bean
注解来创建一个 KafkaListenerEndpointRegistry
实例,并注册你的消息监听器。
import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.ConsumerConfig;
import org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.kafka.annotation.KafkaListenerConfigurer;
import org.springframework.kafka.config.ConcurrentKafkaListenerContainerFactory;
import org.springframework.kafka.config.KafkaListenerEndpointRegistrar;
import org.springframework.kafka.config.KafkaListenerEndpointRegistry;
import org.springframework.kafka.listener.ConcurrentMessageListenerContainer;
import org.springframework.kafka.listener.config.MethodKafkaListenerEndpoint;
import org.springframework.kafka.listener.config.MethodKafkaListenerEndpointRegistrar;
import org.springframework.kafka.support.serializer.ErrorHandlingDeserializer;
import org.springframework.kafka.support.serializer.JsonDeserializer;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
@Configuration
public class KafkaRouterConfig implements KafkaListenerConfigurer {
@Value("${spring.kafka.bootstrap-servers}")
private String bootstrapServers;
@Bean
public ConcurrentKafkaListenerContainerFactory<String, String> kafkaListenerContainerFactory() {
ConcurrentKafkaListenerContainerFactory<String, String> factory = new ConcurrentKafkaListenerContainerFactory<>();
factory.setConsumerFactory(consumerFactory());
return factory;
}
@Bean
public ConsumerFactory<String, String> consumerFactory() {
return new DefaultKafkaConsumerFactory<>(consumerConfigs());
}
@Bean
public Map<String, Object> consumerConfigs() {
Map<String, Object> props = new HashMap<>();
props.put(ConsumerConfig.BOOTSTRAP_SERVERS_CONFIG, bootstrapServers);
props.put(ConsumerConfig.GROUP_ID_CONFIG, "my-group");
props.put(ConsumerConfig.KEY_DESERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, StringDeserializer.class);
props.put(ConsumerConfig.VALUE_DESERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, StringDeserializer.class);
return props;
}
@Override
public void configureKafkaListeners(KafkaListenerEndpointRegistrar registrar) {
MethodKafkaListenerEndpoint<String, String> endpoint = new MethodKafkaListenerEndpoint<>();
endpoint.setId("myListener");
endpoint.setTopics("my-topic");
endpoint.setMessageHandlerMethodFactory(kafkaListenerContainerFactory());
endpoint.setBean(new MyKafkaMessageListener());
registrar.registerEndpoint(endpoint);
}
@Bean
public KafkaListenerEndpointRegistry kafkaListenerEndpointRegistry() {
return new KafkaListenerEndpointRegistry();
}
}
创建一个类,用于处理接收到的消息。在这个类中,你需要使用 @KafkaListener
注解来定义一个方法,该方法将在接收到消息时被调用。
import org.springframework.kafka.annotation.KafkaListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class MyKafkaMessageListener {
@KafkaListener(id = "myListener", topics = "my-topic")
public void listen(String message) {
System.out.println("Received message: " + message);
// 根据消息内容进行路由处理
}
}
现在你可以使用 Kafka Producer 发送消息到指定的主题。在你的服务类中,注入 KafkaTemplate
并使用它发送消息。
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.kafka.core.KafkaTemplate;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
@Service
public class MyKafkaProducer {
@Autowired
private KafkaTemplate<String, String> kafkaTemplate;
public void sendMessage(String topic, String message) {
kafkaTemplate.send(topic, message);
}
}
通过以上步骤,你已经成功地在 Spring Boot 项目中整合了 Kafka,并实现了消息路由。当你的应用程序接收到消息时,MyKafkaMessageListener
类中的 listen
方法将被调用,你可以在这个方法中根据消息内容进行相应的处理。