Ubuntu Python图形界面如何做 - 问答

在Ubuntu上创建Python图形界面（GUI）有多种方法，以下是一些常用的库和框架：

1. Tkinter

Tkinter是Python的标准GUI库，内置于Python安装中，无需额外安装。

示例代码：

import tkinter as tk

def on_button_click():
    label.config(text="Hello, " + entry.get())

root = tk.Tk()
root.title("Tkinter Example")

label = tk.Label(root, text="Enter your name:")
label.pack()

entry = tk.Entry(root)
entry.pack()

button = tk.Button(root, text="Greet", command=on_button_click)
button.pack()

root.mainloop()

2. PyQt5

PyQt5是一个功能强大的Python GUI库，基于Qt框架。

安装：

sudo apt-get install python3-pyqt5

示例代码：

from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QWidget, QLabel, QLineEdit, QPushButton, QVBoxLayout

class MyApp(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.initUI()

    def initUI(self):
        self.setWindowTitle('PyQt5 Example')
        self.setGeometry(100, 100, 300, 200)

        layout = QVBoxLayout()

        self.label = QLabel('Enter your name:', self)
        layout.addWidget(self.label)

        self.entry = QLineEdit(self)
        layout.addWidget(self.entry)

        self.button = QPushButton('Greet', self)
        self.button.clicked.connect(self.on_button_click)
        layout.addWidget(self.button)

        self.label_result = QLabel('', self)
        layout.addWidget(self.label_result)

        self.setLayout(layout)

    def on_button_click(self):
        self.label_result.setText("Hello, " + self.entry.text())

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication([])
    ex = MyApp()
    ex.show()
    app.exec_()

3. Kivy

Kivy是一个开源的Python库，用于开发多点触控应用程序。

安装：

sudo apt-get install python3-kivy

示例代码：

from kivy.app import App
from kivy.uix.boxlayout import BoxLayout
from kivy.uix.label import Label
from kivy.uix.textinput import TextInput
from kivy.uix.button import Button

class MyApp(App):
    def build(self):
        layout = BoxLayout(orientation='vertical')

        self.label = Label(text="Enter your name:")
        layout.add_widget(self.label)

        self.entry = TextInput(multiline=False)
        layout.add_widget(self.entry)

        self.button = Button(text="Greet")
        self.button.bind(on_press=self.on_button_click)
        layout.add_widget(self.button)

        self.label_result = Label(text="")
        layout.add_widget(self.label_result)

        return layout

    def on_button_click(self, instance):
        self.label_result.text = "Hello, " + self.entry.text

if __name__ == '__main__':
    MyApp().run()

4. wxPython

wxPython是另一个流行的Python GUI库，基于wxWidgets C++库。

安装：

sudo apt-get install python3-wxgtk4.0

示例代码：

import wx

class MyFrame(wx.Frame):
    def __init__(self, *args, **kw):
        super(MyFrame, self).__init__(*args, **kw)

        pnl = wx.Panel(self)
        st = wx.StaticText(pnl, label="Enter your name:", pos=(20, 20))
        self.text_ctrl = wx.TextCtrl(pnl, pos=(100, 15), size=(200, -1))
        btn = wx.Button(pnl, label="Greet", pos=(100, 50))
        self.label_result = wx.StaticText(pnl, pos=(20, 80))

        btn.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.on_button_click)

        self.SetSize((300, 200))
        self.Centre()

    def on_button_click(self, event):
        self.label_result.SetLabel("Hello, " + self.text_ctrl.GetValue())

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = wx.App(False)
    frame = MyFrame(None, title="wxPython Example", size=(300, 250))
    frame.Show(True)
    app.MainLoop()

选择哪个库取决于你的需求和偏好。Tkinter适合简单的应用，PyQt5和Kivy功能强大且灵活，而wxPython则提供了更多的原生控件和更好的跨平台支持。

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