使用Python Playwright进行爬虫时,有时会遇到目标网站采取反爬虫措施的情况。以下是一些常见的反爬虫策略以及如何使用Playwright来应对这些策略:
User-Agent检测:
from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright
with sync_playwright() as p:
browser = p.chromium.launch()
context = browser.new_context(user_agent='Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.110 Safari/537.3'}
page = context.new_page()
page.goto('https://example.com')
JavaScript执行:
context = browser.new_context(proxy={"server": "http://your-proxy-server"})
验证码:
import pytesseract
from PIL import Image
page = context.new_page()
page.goto('https://example.com')
captcha_image = page.screenshot({'path': 'captcha.png'})
captcha_text = pytesseract.image_to_string(Image.open('captcha.png'))
动态内容加载:
page.wait_for_selector()
或page.wait_for_load().then()
等待动态内容加载完成。page.goto('https://example.com')
page.wait_for_selector('#dynamic-content')
IP封禁:
context = browser.new_context(proxy={"server": "http://your-proxy-server"})
Cookie和Session:
context = browser.new_context(cookies=[{"name": "cookie_name", "value": "cookie_value"}])
行为检测:
page.hover('#element-id')
page.click('#element-id')
通过以上方法,你可以有效地应对大多数反爬虫措施。请注意,爬虫行为应遵守目标网站的robots.txt规则,并尊重网站的使用条款。