python

python go爬虫如何协同工作

小樊
84
2024-12-10 18:50:10
栏目: 编程语言

在Python中,Go爬虫可以通过多种方式协同工作。以下是一些常见的协同工作方法:

1. 使用消息队列

消息队列是一种常见的异步通信方式,可以用来解耦爬虫组件。例如,可以使用RabbitMQ、Kafka等消息队列系统来分发爬取任务。

示例:使用RabbitMQ

  1. 安装RabbitMQ

    sudo apt-get install rabbitmq-server
    
  2. 安装Python库

    pip install pika
    
  3. 生产者(Producer)

    import pika
    
    connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('localhost'))
    channel = connection.channel()
    
    channel.queue_declare(queue='crawl_queue')
    
    def send_task(url):
        channel.basic_publish(exchange='', routing_key='crawl_queue', body=url)
        print(f"Sent {url}")
    
    send_task('http://example.com')
    
    connection.close()
    
  4. 消费者(Consumer)

    import pika
    import requests
    
    connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('localhost'))
    channel = connection.channel()
    
    channel.queue_declare(queue='crawl_queue')
    
    def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
        url = body.decode('utf-8')
        print(f"Received {url}")
        response = requests.get(url)
        print(response.text)
    
    channel.basic_consume(queue='crawl_queue', on_message_callback=callback, auto_ack=True)
    
    print('Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C')
    channel.start_consuming()
    

2. 使用多线程或多进程

多线程或多进程可以用来并行处理爬取任务,提高效率。

示例:使用多线程

import threading
import requests

def crawl(url):
    response = requests.get(url)
    print(response.text)

urls = ['http://example.com', 'http://example.org', 'http://example.net']

threads = []
for url in urls:
    thread = threading.Thread(target=crawl, args=(url,))
    thread.start()
    threads.append(thread)

for thread in threads:
    thread.join()

示例:使用多进程

import multiprocessing
import requests

def crawl(url):
    response = requests.get(url)
    print(response.text)

urls = ['http://example.com', 'http://example.org', 'http://example.net']

processes = []
for url in urls:
    process = multiprocessing.Process(target=crawl, args=(url,))
    process.start()
    processes.append(process)

for process in processes:
    process.join()

3. 使用Web框架

可以使用Flask、Django等Web框架来构建爬虫的API接口,实现远程控制和监控。

示例:使用Flask

  1. 安装Flask

    pip install Flask
    
  2. 创建Flask应用

    from flask import Flask, request, jsonify
    import requests
    
    app = Flask(__name__)
    
    @app.route('/crawl', methods=['POST'])
    def crawl():
        url = request.json['url']
        response = requests.get(url)
        return jsonify({'status': 'success', 'content': response.text})
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        app.run(debug=True)
    
  3. 发送请求

    import requests
    
    url = 'http://localhost:5000/crawl'
    data = {'url': 'http://example.com'}
    response = requests.post(url, json=data)
    print(response.json())
    

4. 使用Scrapy框架

Scrapy是一个强大的爬虫框架,支持分布式爬取和任务调度。

示例:使用Scrapy

  1. 安装Scrapy

    pip install scrapy
    
  2. 创建Scrapy项目

    scrapy startproject myproject
    cd myproject
    
  3. 创建Spider

    # myproject/spiders/example_spider.py
    import scrapy
    
    class ExampleSpider(scrapy.Spider):
        name = 'example'
        start_urls = ['http://example.com']
    
        def parse(self, response):
            self.log('Visited %s' % response.url)
            for quote in response.css('div.quote'):
                item = {
                    'author_name': quote.css('span.text::text').get(),
                    'author_url': quote.xpath('span/small/a/@href').get(),
                }
                yield item
    
  4. 配置设置

    # myproject/settings.py
    # 启用分布式调度
    SCHEDULER = "scrapy.schedulers. twisted.TwistedScheduler"
    
  5. 启动爬虫

    scrapy crawl example -o output.json
    

通过以上方法,Python Go爬虫可以实现协同工作,提高爬取效率和可靠性。

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