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Apache高并发处理的核心思路
Apache通过多路处理模块(MPM)管理进程与线程,结合连接复用、压缩缓存、系统资源与反向代理等手段来提升并发能力。自Apache 2.4起,官方默认使用event MPM,它在worker的多线程基础上引入事件驱动,更适合长连接与高并发场景;prefork为每请求一进程,稳定但内存开销大;worker为混合进程+线程,资源更省但需关注线程安全。
关键配置与示例
LoadModule mpm_event_module modules/mod_mpm_event.so
<IfModule mpm_event_module>
StartServers 2
MinSpareThreads 25
MaxSpareThreads 75
ThreadLimit 64
ThreadsPerChild 25
MaxRequestWorkers 150
MaxConnectionsPerChild 0
</IfModule>
<IfModule mpm_worker_module>
StartServers 2
MinSpareThreads 25
MaxSpareThreads 75
ThreadLimit 64
ThreadsPerChild 25
MaxRequestWorkers 150
MaxConnectionsPerChild 0
</IfModule>
<IfModule mpm_prefork_module>
StartServers 5
MinSpareServers 5
MaxSpareServers 10
MaxRequestWorkers 150
MaxConnectionsPerChild 0
</IfModule>
KeepAlive On
MaxKeepAliveRequests 100
KeepAliveTimeout 5
LoadModule deflate_module modules/mod_deflate.so
<IfModule mod_deflate.c>
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/html text/plain text/xml text/css application/javascript
</IfModule>
LoadModule cache_module modules/mod_cache.so
LoadModule cache_disk_module modules/mod_cache_disk.so
<IfModule mod_cache.c>
<IfModule mod_cache_disk.c>
CacheRoot "/var/cache/httpd"
CacheEnable disk /
CacheDirLevels 2
CacheDirLength 1
</IfModule>
</IfModule>
* soft nofile 65536
* hard nofile 65536
net.core.somaxconn = 65535
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 65535
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
server {
listen 80;
server_name example.com;
location / {
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8080;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
}
}
以上配置要点与示例适用于CentOS/RHEL与Ubuntu等常见发行版,路径与模块名可能略有差异。
容量估算与参数边界
ps aux | grep -v grep | awk '/httpd/{sum+=$6;n++};END{print sum/n}'监控与压测
常见陷阱与优化建议
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