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题目来源:力扣(LeetCode)
链接:https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/binary-tree-level-order-traversal
本题有两种解法,首先第一种肯定是非常明显的广度优先遍历,另一种深度优先遍历的解法。
广度优先遍历,将遍历的每层的结果放入一个列表中, 该层遍历结束,将整个结果列表加入到总的结果中即可。
时间复杂度 O(n) 空间复杂度 O(1)(结果的存储空间若不进行计算的话)
代码如下:
import collections
class TreeNode:
def __init__(self, val):
self.val = val
self.left = self.right = None
# 广度优先遍历方法
def level_order(root: TreeNode) -> list:
if not root:
return []
queue = collections.deque() # 申请一个双端队列
queue.append(root)
result = []
# visited = set(root) # 因为是树的结构,所以只要向下走不会存在重复的情况
while queue:
level_size = len(queue)
current_level = []
for _ in range(level_size):
node = queue.popleft() # 这里从左边出了,下面加入的时候就要加到末尾,若是从右边出,则下面从左边push进去
current_level.append(node.val)
if node.left:
queue.append(node.left)
if node.right:
queue.append(node.right)
result.append(current_level)
return result
if __name__ == '__main__':
node1 = TreeNode(1)
node2 = TreeNode(2)
node3 = TreeNode(3)
node4 = TreeNode(4)
node5 = TreeNode(5)
node6 = TreeNode(6)
node7 = TreeNode(7)
node4.left = node2
node2.left = node1
node2.right = node3
node4.right = node6
node6.left = node5
node6.right = node7
print(level_order(node4))
输出结果:
[[4], [2, 6], [1, 3, 5, 7]]
进行深度遍历,将没个遍历的节点,加入到每一层对应的结果里面
时间复杂度 O(n) 空间复杂度 O(1)(结果的存储空间若不进行计算的话)
__代码如下:___
class TreeNode:
def __init__(self, val):
self.val = val
self.left = self.right = None
# 依靠深度优先遍历的算法
def level_order(root: TreeNode) -> list:
if not root:
return []
result = []
level_size = 0
result = depth_first_search(root, level_size, result)
return result
def depth_first_search(root, level, result):
if not root:
return []
if len(result) < level + 1:
result.append([])
result[level].append(root.val)
depth_first_search(root.left, level + 1, result)
depth_first_search(root.right, level + 1, result)
return result
if __name__ == '__main__':
node1 = TreeNode(1)
node2 = TreeNode(2)
node3 = TreeNode(3)
node4 = TreeNode(4)
node5 = TreeNode(5)
node6 = TreeNode(6)
node7 = TreeNode(7)
node4.left = node2
node2.left = node1
node2.right = node3
node4.right = node6
node6.left = node5
node6.right = node7
print(level_order(node4))
输出结果:
[[4], [2, 6], [1, 3, 5, 7]]
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