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今天闲着没事干，以前做过html+js版的数独，这次做个python版本的，界面由pygame完成，数独生成由递归算法实现，由shuffle保证每次游戏都是不一样的情况，have fun；
功能列表：
游戏界面
初始界面
过程中界面
运行方式
python main.py 15
这里的15表示需要填入的空格数量为15，理论上这个值越大，难度就越高，大家可以随机调整，或者设置容易、简单、困难、地狱等对应不同的值即可，很方便修改；
程序分析
界面部分
这部分很简单的通过pygame来实现，主要使用了其中的主循环、鼠标键盘监听、画矩形线条、字体、颜色控制等，理解起来很容易，对于这部分不太熟悉的同学，这样理解就好： pygame的主循环中一方面负责接收用户输入，一般就是鼠标和键盘，另一方面负责实时更新界面显示内容 ；
对于界面上各部分内容的绘制的函数封装
# 绘制背景部分，这里就是9*9的九宫格
def draw_background():
# white background
screen.fill(COLORS['white'])
# draw game board
pygame.draw.rect(screen,COLORS['black'],(0,0,300,900),5)
pygame.draw.rect(screen,COLORS['black'],(300,0,300,900),5)
pygame.draw.rect(screen,COLORS['black'],(600,0,300,900),5)
pygame.draw.rect(screen,COLORS['black'],(0,0,900,300),5)
pygame.draw.rect(screen,COLORS['black'],(0,300,900,300),5)
pygame.draw.rect(screen,COLORS['black'],(0,600,900,300),5)
# 将用户选中的各自背景改为蓝色块表示选中
def draw_choose():
pygame.draw.rect(screen,COLORS['blue'],(cur_j*100+5,cur_i*100+5,100-10,100-10),0)
# 绘制九宫格中的数字，包括本来就有的，以及用户填入的，本来就在的用灰色，用户填入的如何合法则为绿色，否则为红色，是一种提示
def draw_number():
for i in range(len(MATRIX)):
for j in range(len(MATRIX[0])):
_color = check_color(MATRIX,i,j) if (i,j) in BLANK_IJ else COLORS['gray']
txt = font80.render(str(MATRIX[i][j] if MATRIX[i][j] not in [0,'0'] else ''),True,_color)
x,y = j*100+30,i*100+10
screen.blit(txt,(x,y))
# 绘制最下方的当前空格子数量以及用户的操作数量
def draw_context():
txt = font100.render('Blank:'+str(cur_blank_size)+' Change:'+str(cur_change_size),True,COLORS['black'])
x,y = 10,900
screen.blit(txt,(x,y))
主循环中对上述函数的调用以及鼠标键盘事件处理
# 主循环，负责监听鼠标键盘时间，以及刷新界面内容，以及检查是否赢得了游戏
running = True
while running:
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
running = False
break
elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
cur_j,cur_i = int(event.pos[0]/100),int(event.pos[1]/100)
elif event.type == event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
if chr(event.key) in ['1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9'] and (cur_i,cur_j) in BLANK_IJ:
MATRIX[cur_i][cur_j] = int(chr(event.key))
cur_blank_size = sum([1 if col==0 or col=='0' else 0 for row in MATRIX for col in row])
cur_change_size +=1
# background
draw_background()
# choose item
draw_choose()
# numbers
draw_number()
# point
draw_context()
# flip
pygame.display.flip()
# check win or not
if check_win(MATRIX_ANSWER,MATRIX):
print('You win, smarty ass!!!')
break
pygame.quit()
生成表示数独的二维数组
相对于界面部分，这部分在逻辑上要难一些，思路以递归为核心，辅以随机性，得到一个每次生成都不一致的数独游戏，生成思路简单描述如下：
生成过程代码
递归的一个优势是通常代码都很短，当然阅读性不强，欢迎大佬们改为循环；
def shuffle_number(_list):
random.shuffle(_list)
return _list
def check(matrix,i,j,number):
if number in matrix[i]:
return False
if number in [row[j] for row in matrix]:
return False
group_i,group_j = int(i/3),int(j/3)
if number in [matrix[i][j] for i in range(group_i*3,(group_i+1)*3) for j in range(group_j*3,(group_j+1)*3)]:
return False
return True
def build_game(matrix,i,j,number):
if i>8 or j>8:
return matrix
if check(matrix,i,j,number):
_matrix = [[col for col in row] for row in matrix]
_matrix[i][j] = number
next_i,next_j = (i+1,0) if j==8 else (i,j+1)
for _number in shuffle_number(number_list):
__matrix = build_game(_matrix,next_i,next_j,_number)
if __matrix and sum([sum(row) for row in __matrix])==(sum(range(1,10))*9):
return __matrix
return None
随机覆盖数独数组中的N个位置
def give_me_a_game(blank_size=9):
matrix_all = build_game(matrix,0,0,random.choice(number_list))
set_ij = set()
while len(list(set_ij))<blank_size:
set_ij.add(str(random.choice([0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]))+','+str(random.choice([0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8])))
matrix_blank = [[col for col in row] for row in matrix_all]
blank_ij = []
for ij in list(set_ij):
i,j = int(ij.split(',')[0]),int(ij.split(',')[1])
blank_ij.append((i,j))
matrix_blank[i][j] = 0
return matrix_all,matrix_blank,blank_ij
最后附上全部代码
大家也可以直接从我的 Github仓库 fork下来直接运行；
main.py：主流程+界面+执行
import sys
import pygame
from pygame.color import THECOLORS as COLORS
from build import print_matrix,give_me_a_game,check
def draw_background():
# white background
screen.fill(COLORS['white'])
# draw game board
pygame.draw.rect(screen,COLORS['black'],(0,0,300,900),5)
pygame.draw.rect(screen,COLORS['black'],(300,0,300,900),5)
pygame.draw.rect(screen,COLORS['black'],(600,0,300,900),5)
pygame.draw.rect(screen,COLORS['black'],(0,0,900,300),5)
pygame.draw.rect(screen,COLORS['black'],(0,300,900,300),5)
pygame.draw.rect(screen,COLORS['black'],(0,600,900,300),5)
def draw_choose():
pygame.draw.rect(screen,COLORS['blue'],(cur_j*100+5,cur_i*100+5,100-10,100-10),0)
def check_win(matrix_all,matrix):
if matrix_all == matrix:
return True
return False
def check_color(matrix,i,j):
_matrix = [[col for col in row]for row in matrix]
_matrix[i][j] = 0
if check(_matrix,i,j,matrix[i][j]):
return COLORS['green']
return COLORS['red']
def draw_number():
for i in range(len(MATRIX)):
for j in range(len(MATRIX[0])):
_color = check_color(MATRIX,i,j) if (i,j) in BLANK_IJ else COLORS['gray']
txt = font80.render(str(MATRIX[i][j] if MATRIX[i][j] not in [0,'0'] else ''),True,_color)
x,y = j*100+30,i*100+10
screen.blit(txt,(x,y))
def draw_context():
txt = font100.render('Blank:'+str(cur_blank_size)+' Change:'+str(cur_change_size),True,COLORS['black'])
x,y = 10,900
screen.blit(txt,(x,y))
if __name__ == "__main__":
# init pygame
pygame.init()
# contant
SIZE = [900,1000]
font80 = pygame.font.SysFont('Times', 80)
font100 = pygame.font.SysFont('Times', 90)
# create screen 500*500
screen = pygame.display.set_mode(SIZE)
# variable parameter
cur_i, cur_j = 0,0
cur_blank_size = int(sys.argv[1])
cur_change_size = 0
# matrix abount
MATRIX_ANSWER,MATRIX,BLANK_IJ = give_me_a_game(blank_size=cur_blank_size)
print(BLANK_IJ)
print_matrix(MATRIX)
# main loop
running = True
while running:
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
running = False
break
elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
cur_j,cur_i = int(event.pos[0]/100),int(event.pos[1]/100)
elif event.type == event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
if chr(event.key) in ['1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9'] and (cur_i,cur_j) in BLANK_IJ:
MATRIX[cur_i][cur_j] = int(chr(event.key))
cur_blank_size = sum([1 if col==0 or col=='0' else 0 for row in MATRIX for col in row])
cur_change_size +=1
# background
draw_background()
# choose item
draw_choose()
# numbers
draw_number()
# point
draw_context()
# flip
pygame.display.flip()
# check win or not
if check_win(MATRIX_ANSWER,MATRIX):
print('You win, smarty ass!!!')
break
pygame.quit()
build.py：生成数独数组部分
import random
def print_matrix(matrix):
print('—'*19)
for row in matrix:
print('|'+' '.join([str(col) for col in row])+'|')
print('—'*19)
def shuffle_number(_list):
random.shuffle(_list)
return _list
def check(matrix,i,j,number):
if number in matrix[i]:
return False
if number in [row[j] for row in matrix]:
return False
group_i,group_j = int(i/3),int(j/3)
if number in [matrix[i][j] for i in range(group_i*3,(group_i+1)*3) for j in range(group_j*3,(group_j+1)*3)]:
return False
return True
def build_game(matrix,i,j,number):
if i>8 or j>8:
return matrix
if check(matrix,i,j,number):
_matrix = [[col for col in row] for row in matrix]
_matrix[i][j] = number
next_i,next_j = (i+1,0) if j==8 else (i,j+1)
for _number in shuffle_number(number_list):
#_matrixs.append(build_game(_matrix,next_i,next_j,_number))
__matrix = build_game(_matrix,next_i,next_j,_number)
if __matrix and sum([sum(row) for row in __matrix])==(sum(range(1,10))*9):
return __matrix
#return _matrixs
return None
def give_me_a_game(blank_size=9):
matrix_all = build_game(matrix,0,0,random.choice(number_list))
set_ij = set()
while len(list(set_ij))<blank_size:
set_ij.add(str(random.choice([0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]))+','+str(random.choice([0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8])))
matrix_blank = [[col for col in row] for row in matrix_all]
blank_ij = []
for ij in list(set_ij):
i,j = int(ij.split(',')[0]),int(ij.split(',')[1])
blank_ij.append((i,j))
matrix_blank[i][j] = 0
return matrix_all,matrix_blank,blank_ij
number_list = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
matrix = [([0]*9) for i in range(9)]
if __name__ == "__main__":
print_matrix(build_game(matrix,0,0,random.choice(number_list)))
总结
如果刻意减少代码的话，实际应该控制在100行以内，这也充分表达了python的强大，确实可以在很短的时间内完成一些看似复杂的工作，这个例子供一些同学上手python个人觉得还是不错的，没有太复杂的用法，对界面开发有一点点了解，对递归有一些理解基本就能完全掌握这份代码，希望大家玩的开心，挑战一下50个空格呗，哈哈，反正我没通过，太难了。。。。
最后
大家可以到我的Github上看看有没有其他需要的东西，目前主要是自己做的机器学习项目、Python各种脚本工具、有意思的小项目以及Follow的大佬、Fork的项目等：
https://github.com/NemoHoHaloAi
到此这篇关于150行Python代码实现带界面的数独游戏的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关Python 数独游戏内容请搜索亿速云以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持亿速云！
作者:Ho Loong
Github:https://github.com/NemoHoHaloAi
Kaggle:https://www.kaggle.com/holoong9291
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