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1、WAF相关概念介绍:
(1)WAF简介:
WAF:Web Appalication Firewall,Web应用防火墙,是一种工作在应用层的、通过一系列针对HTTP/HTTPS的安全策略为Web应用提供安全防护的产品。
(2)WAF可以实现如下功能:
a、防止SQL注入、本地包含、部分溢出、Fuzzing测试、XSS等Web Attack;
b、防止SVN/备份之类的文件泄漏;
c、防止Apache Bench之类的压测工具Attack;
d、屏蔽常见的Hacker扫描工具;
e、屏蔽异常的网络请求;
f、屏蔽图片附件类目录的PHP执行权限;
g、防止Webshell上传等。
2、安装依赖软件包:
# yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ make zlib zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel pcre pcre-devel perl-devel perl-ExtUtils-Embed gd-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel libxslt libxslt-devel GeoIP GeoIP-devel GeoIP-data git libuuid-devel libblkid-devel libudev-devel fuse-devel libedit-devel libatomic_ops-devel httpd-tools
3、编译安装OpenResty:
# useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M nginx
# mkdir -pv /usr/local/openresty/nginx/logs/
# tar -xf openresty-1.15.8.2.tar.gz -C /usr/src
# cd /usr/src/openresty-1.15.8.2/
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/openresty --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-threads --with-file-aio --with-http_iconv_module --with-luajit --with-http_v2_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_addition_module --with-http_xslt_module --with-http_image_filter_module --with-http_geoip_module --with-http_sub_module --with-http_dav_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_mp4_module --with-http_gunzip_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_auth_request_module --with-http_random_index_module --with-http_secure_link_module --with-http_degradation_module --with-http_slice_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_perl_module --with-mail --with-mail_ssl_module --with-stream --with-stream_ssl_module --with-stream_realip_module --with-stream_geoip_module --with-stream_ssl_preread_module --with-pcre --with-pcre-jit --with-libatomic --http-log-path=/usr/local/openresty/nginx/logs/access.log
# gmake && gmake install
4、配置环境变量,并启动OpenResty:
# vim /etc/profile.d/openresty.sh
export PATH=/usr/local/openresty/nginx/sbin:/usr/local/openresty/bin:$PATH
# . /etc/profile.d/openresty.sh
# nginx -v
# nginx
# ss -tunlp | grep -w :80
5、测试Lua环境:
# vim /tmp/hello.lua --> print("Hello Lua")
# lua /tmp/hello.lua
# lua
6、测试OpenResty Lua模块:
# cd /usr/local/openresty/nginx/conf
# cp nginx.conf{,.bak}
# vim nginx.conf,在server配置段中新增如下location:
location /lua {
default_type text/html;
content_by_lua_block {
ngx.say("Hello Lua")
}
}
# nginx -t
# nginx -s reload
7、创建保存***日志的目录:
# mkdir -pv /usr/local/openresty/nginx/logs/hack
8、下载解压ngx_lua_waf模块:
ngx_lua_waf:基于lua-nginx-module的Web应用防火墙,https://github.com/loveshell/ngx_lua_waf。
# tar -xf ngx_lua_waf-0.7.2.tar.gz -C /usr/local/openresty/nginx/conf
# cd /usr/local/openresty/nginx/conf
# mv ngx_lua_waf-0.7.2 waf
# chown -R nginx.nginx /usr/local/openresty
备注:waf目录主要结构
(1)config.lua:配置文件;
(2)init.lua:规则函数;
(3)waf.lua:定义WAF检测顺序;
(4)wafconf:保存过滤规则的目录,每条规则需换行或用|分割;
(5)wafconf/args:按照GET参数过滤(默认已开启);
(6)wafconf/cookie:按照Cookie过滤;
(7)wafconf/post:按照POST请求过滤(默认已开启);
(8)wafconf/url:按照GET请求URL过滤;
(9)wafconf/user-agent:按照User Agent过滤;
(10)wafconf/whiteurl:按照白名单中的URL做匹配,匹配到则不做过滤。
9、修改config.lua配置文件中waf规则目录的路径:
# vim /usr/local/openresty/nginx/conf/waf/config.lua --> RulePath="/usr/local/openresty/nginx/conf/waf/wafconf/"
备注:config.lua配置文件
指令 | 含义 |
RulePath="/usr/local/openresty/nginx/conf/waf/wafconf/" | 规则存放目录 |
attacklog="on" | 开启日志 |
logdir="/usr/local/openresty/nginx/logs/hack/" | Log日志目录 |
UrlDeny="on" | 拦截URL访问 |
Redirect="on" | 拦截后重定向 |
CookieMatch="on" | 拦截Cookie Attack |
postMatch="on" | 拦截Post Attack |
whiteModule="on" | 开启URL白名单 |
black_fileExt={"php","jsp"} | 不允许上传的文件后缀类型 |
ipWhitelist={"127.0.0.1"} | IP白名单,多个IP之间使用逗号分隔 |
ipBlocklist={"1.0.0.1"} | IP黑名单,多个IP之间使用逗号分隔 |
CCDeny="on" | 开启拦截CC Attack(需要在nginx.conf的http配置段中新增代码lua_shared_dict limit 10m;) |
CCrate="100/60" | 设置CC Attack频率,单位为秒 默认1分钟同一个IP只能请求同一个地址100次 |
10、修改nginx.conf配置文件:
# vim /usr/local/openresty/nginx/conf/nginx.conf,在http配置段中新增如下代码:
lua_package_path "/usr/local/openresty/nginx/conf/waf/?.lua";
lua_shared_dict limit 10m;
init_by_lua_file "/usr/local/openresty/nginx/conf/waf/init.lua";
access_by_lua_file "/usr/local/openresty/nginx/conf/waf/waf.lua";
# nginx -t
# nginx -s reload
11、测试WAF应用防火墙:
(1)模拟URL参数检测:http://192.168.0.121/lua?id=../etc/shadow
(2)使用ab命令模拟CC Attack:# ab -n 10000 -c 100 http://192.168.0.121/lua
备注:ab命令选项
a、-n requests:执行的请求总数,默认为1
b、-c concurrency:一次并发执行的请求数,默认为1
(3)查看日志:# tail -3 /usr/local/openresty/nginx/logs/hack/localhost_2020-02-18_sec.log
192.168.0.121 [2020-02-18 00:47:49] "UA localhost/lua" "-" "ApacheBench/2.3" "(HTTrack|harvest|audit|dirbuster|pangolin|nmap|sqln|-scan|hydra|Parser|libwww|BBBike|sqlmap|w3af|owasp|Nikto|fimap|havij|PycURL|zmeu|BabyKrokodil|netsparker|httperf|bench| SF/)"
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