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下文内容主要给大家带来MySQL数据库备份的安全与重要性,所讲到的知识,与书籍略有不同,都是亿速云专业技术人员在与用户接触过程中,总结出来的,具有一定的经验分享价值,希望给广大读者带来帮助。
mysqldump -u root -p auth > /backup/auth.sql
mysqldump -u 用户名 -p [密码] [选项] --databases 库名 1 [库名2] ... > /备份路径/备份文件名
mysqldump -u root -p --databases autth mysql > /backup/databases-auth-mysql.sql
mysqldump -u 用户名 -p [密码] [选项] --all-databases > /备份路径/备份文件名
mysqldump -u root -p --opt --all-databases > /backup/all-data.sql
mysqldump -u 用户名 -p [密码] [选项] 数据库名 表命 > /备份路径/备份文件名
mysqldump -u root -p mysql user > /backup/mysql-user.sql
MySQL[(none)]>source /backup/all-data.sql
mysql -u 用户名 -p [密码] < 库备份脚本的路径
mysql -u root -p < /backup/all-data.sql
mysq| -u 用户名 -p [密码] < 表备份脚本的路径
mysql -u root -P mysq| < /backup/mysql-user.sql
一般恢复
基于时间点的恢复
mysqlbinlog [--no-defaults] 增量备份文件 | mysql -u 用户名 -p
mysqlbinlog --stop-position='操作 id' 二进制日志 | mysql -u 用户名 -p 密码
mysqlbinlog --start-position='操作 id' 二进制日志 | mysql -u 用户名 -p 密码
mysqlbinlog [-no-defaults] --stop-datetime='年-月-日 小时:分钟:秒' 二进制日志 | mysql -u 用户名-p 密码
mysqlbinlog [-no-defaults] --start-datetime='年-月-日 小时:分钟:秒' 二进制日志 | mysql -u 用户名 -p 密码
mysqlbinlog [-no-defaults] --start-datetime='年-月-日 小时:分钟:秒' --stop-datetime='年-月-日 小时:分钟:秒' 二进制日志 | mysql -u 用户名 -p 密码
[root@master2 ~]# mysql -uroot -p //进入数据库
Enter password:
mysql> create database school; //创建数据库
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> use school; //使用数据库
Database changed
mysql> create table info( //创建表
-> id int(3) not null primary key auto_increment,
-> name varchar(10) not null,
-> score decimal(4,1) not null);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> desc info; //查看表结构
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | int(3) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| name | varchar(10) | NO | | NULL | |
| score | decimal(4,1) | NO | | NULL | |
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into info (name,score) values ('stu01',88),('stu02',77); //插入表数据
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.02 sec)
Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> select * from info; //查看表内容
+----+-------+-------+
| id | name | score |
+----+-------+-------+
| 1 | stu01 | 88.0 |
| 2 | stu02 | 77.0 |
+----+-------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> select * from info limit 1; //只显示表中的前1行
+----+-------+-------+
| id | name | score |
+----+-------+-------+
| 1 | stu01 | 88.0 |
+----+-------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
[root@master2 ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql/data/ //切换到数据库的数据目录下
[root@master2 data]# ls
auto.cnf ibdata1 ib_logfile1 mysql school test
ib_buffer_pool ib_logfile0 ibtmp1 performance_schema sys
[root@master2 data]# cd school/
[root@master2 school]# ls //数据中的文件
db.opt info.frm info.ibd
[root@master2 school]# cd ..
[root@master2 data]# tar Jcvf /opt/mysql-$(date +%F).tar.xz /usr/local/mysql/data/ //用xz格式压缩
[root@master2 data]# cd /opt/
[root@master2 opt]# ls
mysql-2019-11-26.tar.xz mysql-5.7.20 rh
[root@master2 opt]# mysqldump -uroot -p school > /opt/school.sql //逻辑备份单个数据库
Enter password:
[root@master2 opt]# ls
mysql-2019-11-26.tar.xz mysql-5.7.20 rh school.sql
[root@master2 opt]# vim school.sql //查看备份数据库脚本
...
CREATE TABLE `info` (
`id` int(3) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`name` varchar(10) NOT NULL,
`score` decimal(4,1) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=3 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
...
LOCK TABLES `info` WRITE;
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `info` DISABLE KEYS */;
INSERT INTO `info` VALUES (1,'stu01',88.0),(2,'stu02',77.0);
...
[root@master2 opt]# mysqldump -uroot -p --databases school mysql > /opt/db_school_mysql.sql //备份多个数据库
Enter password:
[root@master2 opt]# ls
db_school_mysql.sql mysql-2019-11-26.tar.xz mysql-5.7.20 rh school.sql
[root@master2 opt]# mysqldump -uroot -p --opt --all-databases > /opt/all.sql //完全备份
Enter password:
[root@master2 opt]# ls
all.sql mysql-2019-11-26.tar.xz rh
db_school_mysql.sql mysql-5.7.20 school.sql
[root@master2 opt]# mysqldump -uroot -p school info > /opt/school_info.sql //对数据库中的表进行备份
Enter password:
[root@master2 opt]# ls
all.sql mysql-2019-11-26.tar.xz rh school.sql
db_school_mysql.sql mysql-5.7.20 school_info.sql
[root@master2 opt]# mysqldump -uroot -p -d school info > /opt/school_info_desc.sql //对表结构进行备份
Enter password:
[root@master2 opt]# ls
all.sql mysql-5.7.20 school_info.sql
db_school_mysql.sql rh school.sql
mysql-2019-11-26.tar.xz school_info_desc.sql
[root@master2 opt]# mysql -uroot -p //进入数据库
Enter password:
mysql> show databases; //查看数据库
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| school |
| sys |
| test |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> use school; //使用数据库
Database changed
mysql> show tables; //查看表
+------------------+
| Tables_in_school |
+------------------+
| info |
+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> drop table info; //删除表
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> show tables; //查看表
Empty set (0.00 sec)
mysql> source /opt/school.sql //恢复数据库脚本文件
mysql> show tables; //查看表
+------------------+
| Tables_in_school |
+------------------+
| info |
+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> drop table info; //删除表
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> show tables; //查看表
Empty set (0.00 sec)
mysql> quit //退出
Bye
[root@master2 opt]# mysql -uroot -p123123 school < /opt/school.sql //利用mysql命令进行恢复
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@master2 opt]# mysql -uroot -p123123 //进入数据库
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
mysql> use school; //使用数据库
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> show tables; //查看表
+------------------+
| Tables_in_school |
+------------------+
| info |
+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
[root@master2 opt]# vim /etc/my.cnf //开启二进制日志文件
[mysqld]
user = mysql
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data
port = 3306
character_set_server=utf8
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.pid
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
log-bin=mysql-bin //开启二进制日志文件
server-id = 1
[root@master2 opt]# systemctl restart mysqld.service //重启mysql服务
[root@master2 opt]# cd /usr/local/mysql/data/ //切换到mysql站点
[root@master2 data]# ls //查看二进制日志文件
auto.cnf ib_logfile0 mysql performance_schema test
ib_buffer_pool ib_logfile1 mysql-bin.000001 school
ibdata1 ibtmp1 mysql-bin.index sys
[root@master2 data]# mysqldump -uroot -p123123 school > /opt/school.sql //一次完全备份
mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@master2 data]# ls
auto.cnf ib_logfile0 mysql performance_schema test
ib_buffer_pool ib_logfile1 mysql-bin.000001 school
ibdata1 ibtmp1 mysql-bin.index sys
[root@master2 data]# mysqladmin -uroot -p123123 flush-logs //刷新二进制日志文件
mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@master2 data]# ls //生成新的二进制日志文件,接下来的操作会保存在mysql-bin.000002中
auto.cnf ib_logfile0 mysql mysql-bin.index sys
ib_buffer_pool ib_logfile1 mysql-bin.000001 performance_schema test
ibdata1 ibtmp1 mysql-bin.000002 school
[root@master2 data]# mysql -uroot -p123123 ##进入数据库
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
mysql> use school; ##使用数据库
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> select * from info; //查看表
+----+------+-------+
| id | name | score |
+----+------+-------+
| 1 | st01 | 88.0 |
| 2 | st02 | 77.0 |
+----+------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into info (name,score) values ('by01',66); //正确操作
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from info;
+----+------+-------+
| id | name | score |
+----+------+-------+
| 1 | st01 | 88.0 |
| 2 | st02 | 77.0 |
| 3 | by01 | 66.0 |
+----+------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> delete from info where name='st01'; //错误操作
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into info (name,score) values ('by02',99); //正确操作
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from info;
+----+------+-------+
| id | name | score |
+----+------+-------+
| 2 | st02 | 77.0 |
| 3 | by01 | 66.0 |
| 4 | by02 | 99.0 |
+----+------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
[root@master2 data]# mysqladmin -uroot -p123123 flush-logs //刷新二进制日志文件
mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@master2 data]# mysqlbinlog --no-defaults --base64-output=decode-rows -v mysql-bin.000002 > /opt/bak.txt //用64位解码器查看二进制日志文件,并生成一个文件
[root@master2 data]# cd /opt/
[root@master2 opt]# ls
bak.txt mysql-5.7.20 rh school.sql
[root@master2 opt]# vim bak.txt //查看二进制日志文件
# at 1084
#191127 20:14:01 server id 1 end_log_pos 1132 CRC32 0xdcc90eb5 Write_rows: table id 221 flags: STMT_END_F
### INSERT INTO `school`.`info` //第一次正确操作的时间和位置
### SET
### @1=3
### @2='by01'
### @3=66.0
...
# at 1302 //停止位置点
#191127 20:14:46 server id 1 end_log_pos 1357 CRC32 0x6648509a Table_map: `school`.`info` mapped to number 221
# at 1357
#191127 20:14:46 server id 1 end_log_pos 1405 CRC32 0x1eeb752b Delete_rows: table id 221 flags: STMT_END_F
### DELETE FROM `school`.`info` //第二次执行错误操作的时间和位置191127 20:14:46
### WHERE
### @1=1
### @2='st01'
### @3=88.0
# at 1405 //开始位置点
#191127 20:14:46 server id 1 end_log_pos 1436 CRC32 0xf1c8d903 Xid = 54
...
# at 1630
#191127 20:15:16 server id 1 end_log_pos 1678 CRC32 0x08d9b0f4 Write_rows: table id 221 flags: STMT_END_F
### INSERT INTO `school`.`info` //第二次正确操作的时间和位置191127 20:15:16
### SET
### @1=4
### @2='by02'
### @3=99.0
[root@master2 opt]# mysql -uroot -p123123 //进入数据库
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
mysql> use school; //进入库
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> drop table info; //删除数据库
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> select * from info; //查看表
ERROR 1146 (42S02): Table 'school.info' doesn't exist
mysql> source /opt/school.sql //恢复完全备份数据库脚本
...
mysql> show tables; //查看表
+------------------+
| Tables_in_school |
+------------------+
| info |
+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from info; //查看表数据
+----+------+-------+
| id | name | score |
+----+------+-------+
| 1 | st01 | 88.0 |
| 2 | st02 | 77.0 |
+----+------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
[root@master2 opt]# mysqlbinlog --no-defaults --stop-datetime='2019-11-27 20:14:46' /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql-bin.000002 | mysql -uroot -p123123 //恢复bin.000002中前一个正确的执行语句(从第二个错误语句时间点停止)
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@master2 opt]# mysql -uroot -p123123 //进入数据库
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
mysql> use school; //使用数据库
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> select * from info; //查看表数据,恢复了第一次正确操作
+----+------+-------+
| id | name | score |
+----+------+-------+
| 1 | st01 | 88.0 |
| 2 | st02 | 77.0 |
| 3 | by01 | 66.0 |
+----+------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
[root@master2 opt]# mysqlbinlog --no-defaults --start-datetime='2019-11-27 20:15:16' /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql-bin.000002 | mysql -uroot -p123123 //跳过错误节点,恢复最后一个正确的操作(从最后一个正确的操作时间点开始)
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@master2 opt]# mysql -uroot -p123123 //进入数据库
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
mysql> use school; //使用数据库
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> select * from info; //查看表数据,恢复了第二次正确操作,跳过了错误的操作
+----+------+-------+
| id | name | score |
+----+------+-------+
| 1 | st01 | 88.0 |
| 2 | st02 | 77.0 |
| 3 | by01 | 66.0 |
| 4 | by02 | 99.0 |
+----+------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> delete from info where name='by01'; //为实验方便直接删除
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> delete from info where name='by02'; //删除
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from info; //完全备份的初始状态
+----+------+-------+
| id | name | score |
+----+------+-------+
| 1 | st01 | 88.0 |
| 2 | st02 | 77.0 |
+----+------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> quit
Bye
[root@master2 opt]# mysqlbinlog --no-defaults --stop-position='1302' /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql-bin.000002 | mysql -uroot -p123123 //跳过错误操作的位置点从上一个位置点开始
[root@master2 opt]# mysql -uroot -p123123 //进入数据库
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
mysql> use school; //使用数据库
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> select * from info; //查看表数据,恢复了第一次正确的操作
+----+------+-------+
| id | name | score |
+----+------+-------+
| 1 | st01 | 88.0 |
| 2 | st02 | 77.0 |
| 3 | by01 | 66.0 |
+----+------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> quit
Bye
[root@master2 opt]# mysqlbinlog --no-defaults --start-position='1405' /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql-bin.000002 | mysql -uroot -p123123 //从错误的位置后一个位置点开始,跳过错误操作的位置点
[root@master2 opt]# mysql -uroot -p123123 //进入数据库
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
mysql> use school; ##使用数据库
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> select * from info; //查看表数据,跳过错误操作,恢复第二次正确操作数据
+----+------+-------+
| id | name | score |
+----+------+-------+
| 1 | st01 | 88.0 |
| 2 | st02 | 77.0 |
| 3 | by01 | 66.0 |
| 4 | by02 | 99.0 |
+----+------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
[root@master2 opt]# mysqlbinlog --no-defaults /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql-bin.000002 | mysql -uroot -p123123 //全部增量恢复
对于以上关于MySQL数据库备份的安全与重要性,如果大家还有更多需要了解的可以持续关注我们亿速云的行业推新,如需获取专业解答,可在官网联系售前售后的,希望该文章可给大家带来一定的知识更新。
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