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生产环境下， 我们一般使用 esrally来做es的基准测试。 但是毕竟和真实生产的请求场景可能有差异的。
因此，有必要考虑使用真实流量来压测ES集群。
常用的流量复制工具有tcpcopy之类的，这里我们介绍一个更简单易用的工具 gor 。
github地址： https://github.com/buger/goreplay
TIPS：
我在测试环境的 192.168.2.4 上实际测试用的命令(放大1倍流量)：
# 192.168.2.4 为老es集群节点 # 192.168.2.188 为新es集群节点 wget https://github.com/buger/goreplay/releases/download/v1.0.0/gor_1.0.0_x64.tar.gz tar xf gor_1.0.0_x64.tar.gz -C ./ ./gor --input-raw :9200 --output-http "http://192.168.2.188:9200|200%"
下图是gor 输出到stdout的内容：
下图是我在老es集群更新文档后，可以看到新的es集群也自动更新了文档
更多的关于gor 流量复制的介绍，可以看下面的内容：
参考文档：
https://testerhome.com/articles/21180
https://github.com/buger/goreplay/wiki
https://www.jianshu.com/p/57e058ad4995
1、流量实时复制引流（--input-raw 拦截端口配合--output-http输出），例如将本机9200端口的HTTP流量实时复制到 es-dest:9200。
gor --input-raw :9200 --output-http "http://es-dest:9200"
2、如果目标服务器使用的库与线上机器一样，且只需要引流Get方法的请求。
gor --input-raw :9200 --http-allow-method GET --output-http "http://es-dest:9200"
3、当需要对线上服务进行整体性能压测时，可将线上请求扩大N倍，进行引流，将请求扩大1倍，也可缩小，调整"|"后面的百分比即可。
gor --input-raw :9200 --http-allow-method GET --output-http "http://es-dest:9200|200%"
4、只复制某个URL请求，--http-allow-url参数，-http-allow-url参数可用正则表达式（--output-http-url-regexp在gor 0.16已经过期，使用--http-allow-url代替）。
gor --input-raw :9200 --http-allow-method GET --output-http "http://es-dest:9200" --http-allow-url mall.*hotword
5、多目标服务器的流量复制引流，有点类似nginx的mirror。
gor --input-raw :9200 --output-http "http://es-dest:9200" --output-http "http://es-dest:9200"
6、将流量转发到多个端点，默认情况下，它会将相同的流量发送到所有输出。
gor --input-tcp :2920020 --output-http "http://staging.com" --output-http "http://dev.com"
7、将相同的流量发送到多个站点，并且平分所有流量。
gor --input-raw :9200 --output-http "http://staging.com" --output-http "http://dev.com" --split-output true
8、HTTP超时，默认情况下，http请求和响应的超时时间为5秒。你可以像这样覆盖它：
gor --input-tcp replay.local:2920020 --output-http http://staging.com --output-http-timeout 30s
9、基本身份验证，如果您的开发或登台环境受基本身份验证保护，那么可以在重放期间注入这些凭据：
gor --input-raw :9200 --output-http "http://user:pass@staging.com"
10、性能压力测试
可以将流量复制到文件，然后再对他们进行回放。回放的时候，流量会维持原始的时间间隔。如果你使用了百分比来进行速率限制，那么回放的速率会相应的增加或减少。有了这种速率限制，gor就可以用来进行压力测试。
gor --input-file "requests.gor|200%" --output-http "staging.com"
目前，input-file仅在使用基于百分比的限制器时才支持此功能。与默认限制器不同input-file，它不会降低请求速度，而会减慢速度或加速请求发射。
11 、录制与回放
./gor --input-raw :9200 --output-file=requests.gor
执行录制命令后，将会创建新文件并不断向其写入所有捕获的请求。
12、流量回放，重播来自文件的请求。
./gor --input-file requests.gor --output-http="http://localhost:92000"
您应该看到所有记录到http://localhost:92000的请求，并且它们将以相同的顺序重播，并且与录制的时间完全相同。
gor的用法也远不止上述提到的这些，更多的应用测试场景，还请读者自行挖掘。
./gor --help 可以列出更全面的帮助信息
Gor is a simple http traffic replication tool written in Go. Its main goal is to replay traffic from production servers to staging and dev environments. Project page: https://github.com/buger/gor Author: <Leonid Bugaev> leonsbox@gmail.com Current Version: 1.0.0 -copy-buffer-size int Set the buffer size for an individual request (default 5M) (default 524289200) -cpuprofile string write cpu profile to file -debug verbose Turn on debug output, shows all intercepted traffic. Works only when with verbose flag -exit-after duration exit after specified duration -http-allow-header value A regexp to match a specific header against. Requests with non-matching headers will be dropped: gor --input-raw :9200 --output-http staging.com --http-allow-header api-version:^v1 -http-allow-method value Whitelist of HTTP methods to replay. Anything else will be dropped: gor --input-raw :9200 --output-http staging.com --http-allow-method GET --http-allow-method OPTIONS -http-allow-url value A regexp to match requests against. Filter get matched against full url with domain. Anything else will be dropped: gor --input-raw :9200 --output-http staging.com --http-allow-url ^www. -http-basic-auth-filter value A regexp to match the decoded basic auth string against. Requests with non-matching headers will be dropped: gor --input-raw :9200 --output-http staging.com --http-basic-auth-filter "^customer[0-9].*" -http-disallow-header value A regexp to match a specific header against. Requests with matching headers will be dropped: gor --input-raw :9200 --output-http staging.com --http-disallow-header "User-Agent: Replayed by Gor" -http-disallow-url value A regexp to match requests against. Filter get matched against full url with domain. Anything else will be forwarded: gor --input-raw :9200 --output-http staging.com --http-disallow-url ^www. -http-header-limiter value Takes a fraction of requests, consistently taking or rejecting a request based on the FNV32-1A hash of a specific header: gor --input-raw :9200 --output-http staging.com --http-header-limiter user-id:25% -http-original-host Normally gor replaces the Host http header with the host supplied with --output-http. This option disables that behavior, preserving the original Host header. -http-param-limiter value Takes a fraction of requests, consistently taking or rejecting a request based on the FNV32-1A hash of a specific GET param: gor --input-raw :9200 --output-http staging.com --http-param-limiter user_id:25% -http-pprof :8181 Enable profiling. Starts http server on specified port, exposing special /debug/pprof endpoint. Example: :8181 -http-rewrite-header value Rewrite the request header based on a mapping: gor --input-raw :9200 --output-http staging.com --http-rewrite-header Host: (.*).example.com,$1.beta.example.com -http-rewrite-url value Rewrite the request url based on a mapping: gor --input-raw :9200 --output-http staging.com --http-rewrite-url /v1/user/([^\/]+)/ping:/v2/user/$1/ping -http-set-header value Inject additional headers to http reqest: gor --input-raw :9200 --output-http staging.com --http-set-header 'User-Agent: Gor' -http-set-param value Set request url param, if param already exists it will be overwritten: gor --input-raw :9200 --output-http staging.com --http-set-param api_key=1 -input-dummy value Used for testing outputs. Emits 'Get /' request every 1s -input-file value Read requests from file: gor --input-file ./requests.gor --output-http staging.com -input-file-loop Loop input files, useful for performance testing. -input-kafka-host string Send request and response stats to Kafka: gor --output-stdout --input-kafka-host '192.168.0.1:9092,192.168.0.2:9092' -input-kafka-json-format If turned on, it will assume that messages coming in JSON format rather than GoReplay text format. -input-kafka-topic string Send request and response stats to Kafka: gor --output-stdout --input-kafka-topic 'kafka-log' -input-raw value Capture traffic from given port (use RAW sockets and require *sudo* access): # Capture traffic from 9200 port gor --input-raw :9200 --output-http staging.com -input-raw-bpf-filter string BPF filter to write custom expressions. Can be useful in case of non standard network interfaces like tunneling or SPAN port. Example: --input-raw-bpf-filter 'dst port 9200' -input-raw-buffer-size int Controls size of the OS buffer (in bytes) which holds packets until they dispatched. Default value depends by system: in Linux around 2MB. If you see big package drop, increase this value. -input-raw-engine libpcap Intercept traffic using libpcap (default), and `raw_socket` (default "libpcap") -input-raw-expire duration How much it should wait for the last TCP packet, till consider that TCP message complete. (default 2s) -input-raw-immediate-mode Set pcap interface to immediate mode. -input-raw-override-snaplen Override the capture snaplen to be 64k. Required for some Virtualized environments -input-raw-realip-header string If not blank, injects header with given name and real IP value to the request payload. Usually this header should be named: X-Real-IP -input-raw-timestamp-type string Possible values: PCAP_TSTAMP_HOST, PCAP_TSTAMP_HOST_LOWPREC, PCAP_TSTAMP_HOST_HIPREC, PCAP_TSTAMP_ADAPTER, PCAP_TSTAMP_ADAPTER_UNSYNCED. This values not supported on all systems, GoReplay will tell you available values of you put wrong one. -input-raw-track-response If turned on Gor will track responses in addition to requests, and they will be available to middleware and file output. -input-tcp value Used for internal communication between Gor instances. Example: # Receive requests from other Gor instances on 2920020 port, and redirect output to staging gor --input-tcp :2920020 --output-http staging.com -input-tcp-certificate string Path to PEM encoded certificate file. Used when TLS turned on. -input-tcp-certificate-key string Path to PEM encoded certificate key file. Used when TLS turned on. -input-tcp-secure Turn on TLS security. Do not forget to specify certificate and key files. -memprofile string write memory profile to this file -middleware string Used for modifying traffic using external command -output-dummy value DEPRECATED: use --output-stdout instead -output-file value Write incoming requests to file: gor --input-raw :9200 --output-file ./requests.gor -output-file-append The flushed chunk is appended to existence file or not. -output-file-flush-interval duration Interval for forcing buffer flush to the file, default: 1s. (default 1s) -output-file-max-size-limit value Max size of output file, Default: 1TB (default -1) -output-file-queue-limit int The length of the chunk queue. Default: 256 (default 256) -output-file-size-limit value Size of each chunk. Default: 32mb (default 33554432) -output-http value Forwards incoming requests to given http address. # Redirect all incoming requests to staging.com address gor --input-raw :9200 --output-http http://staging.com -output-http-compatibility-mode Use standard Go client, instead of built-in implementation. Can be slower, but more compatible. -output-http-debug Enables http debug output. -output-http-elasticsearch string Send request and response stats to ElasticSearch: gor --input-raw :9200 --output-http staging.com --output-http-elasticsearch 'es_host:api_port/index_name' -output-http-header --output-http-header WARNING: --output-http-header DEPRECATED, use `--http-set-header` instead -output-http-header-filter --output-http-header-filter WARNING: --output-http-header-filter DEPRECATED, use `--http-allow-header` instead -output-http-header-hash-filter output-http-header-hash-filter WARNING: output-http-header-hash-filter DEPRECATED, use `--http-header-hash-limiter` instead -output-http-method --output-http-method WARNING: --output-http-method DEPRECATED, use `--http-allow-method` instead -output-http-queue-len int Number of requests that can be queued for output, if all workers are busy. default = 1000 (default 1000) -output-http-redirects int Enable how often redirects should be followed. -output-http-response-buffer int HTTP response buffer size, all data after this size will be discarded. -output-http-rewrite-url --output-http-rewrite-url WARNING: --output-http-rewrite-url DEPRECATED, use `--http-rewrite-url` instead -output-http-stats Report http output queue stats to console every N milliseconds. See output-http-stats-ms -output-http-stats-ms int Report http output queue stats to console every N milliseconds. default: 5000 (default 5000) -output-http-timeout duration Specify HTTP request/response timeout. By default 5s. Example: --output-http-timeout 30s (default 5s) -output-http-track-response If turned on, HTTP output responses will be set to all outputs like stdout, file and etc. -output-http-url-regexp --output-http-url-regexp WARNING: --output-http-url-regexp DEPRECATED, use `--http-allow-url` instead -output-http-workers int Gor uses dynamic worker scaling. Enter a number to set a maximum number of workers. default = 0 = unlimited. -output-http-workers-min int Gor uses dynamic worker scaling. Enter a number to set a minimum number of workers. default = 1. -output-kafka-host string Read request and response stats from Kafka: gor --input-raw :9200 --output-kafka-host '192.168.0.1:9092,192.168.0.2:9092' -output-kafka-json-format If turned on, it will serialize messages from GoReplay text format to JSON. -output-kafka-topic string Read request and response stats from Kafka: gor --input-raw :9200 --output-kafka-topic 'kafka-log' -output-null Used for testing inputs. Drops all requests. -output-stdout Used for testing inputs. Just prints to console data coming from inputs. -output-tcp value Used for internal communication between Gor instances. Example: # Listen for requests on 9200 port and forward them to other Gor instance on 2920020 port gor --input-raw :9200 --output-tcp replay.local:2920020 -output-tcp-secure Use TLS secure connection. --input-file on another end should have TLS turned on as well. -output-tcp-stats Report TCP output queue stats to console every 5 seconds. -prettify-http If enabled, will automatically decode requests and responses with: Content-Encodning: gzip and Transfer-Encoding: chunked. Useful for debugging, in conjuction with --output-stdout -split-output true By default each output gets same traffic. If set to true it splits traffic equally among all outputs. -stats Turn on queue stats output -verbose Turn on more verbose output
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