如何基于javascript实现贪吃蛇游戏

<div class="content">
  <div class="btn startBtn">       <!-- 开始按钮 -->  
    <button type="button"></button>
  </div>
  <div class="btn stopBtn">        <!-- 暂停按钮 -->
    <button type="button"></button>
  </div>
  <div id="snakeWrap"></div>     <!-- 主题内容 -->
</div>

* {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}
body {
  background-color: #565F65;
  width: 100%;
  height: 10vh;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.content {
  width: 500px;
  height: 500px;
  position: absolute;
  top: 50%;
  left: 50%; 
  margin-top: -250px;
  margin-left: -250px;
  background-color: #565F65;
  border: 10px solid #E7E7E7;
  box-shadow: inset 0px 0px 5px 2px #000;
}
.btn {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, .3);  /*游戏未开始时和暂停时的遮罩*/
  z-index: 2;
}
.btn button {
  background: none;
  border: none;
  background-size: 100% 100%;
  cursor: pointer;
  outline: none;
  position: absolute;
  left: 50%;
  top: 50%;
}
.startBtn button{
  width: 170px;
  height: 80px;
  background-image: url(img/startbtn.png);
  margin-top: -40px;
  margin-left: -85px;
}
.stopBtn {
  display: none;
}
.stopBtn button{
  width: 70px;
  height: 70px;
  background-image: url(img/stopbtn.png);
  margin-top: -35px;
  margin-left: -35px;
}

#snakeWrap {
  width: 500px;
  height: 500px;
  position: relative;
}
.snakeHead { /*蛇头样式*/
  background-color: aqua;
  border-radius: 50%;
}
.snakeBody { /*蛇身样式*/      
  background-color: navajowhite;
  border-radius: 50%;
}
.food {  /*食物样式*/
  background-image: url(img/food.png);
  background-size: cover;
}

var sw = 20,  //一个方块的宽
 　 sh = 20,  //一个方块的高
    tr = 25,  //行数
    td = 25;  //列数
var snake = null,  //蛇的实例
    food = null,  //食物的实例
    game = null;  //游戏的实例
function Square(x, y, classname) {
  this.x = x * sw;     //方块实际的位置
  this.y = y * sh;     //方块实际的位置
  this.class = classname;
  
  this.viewContent = document.createElement('div');  //方块对应的DOM元素
  this.viewContent.className = this.class;
  this.parent = document.getElementById('snakeWrap'); //方块的父级
}

Square.prototype.create = function() {  //创建方块 DOM,并添加到页面里
  this.viewContent.style.position = 'absolute';
  this.viewContent.style.width = sw + 'px';
  this.viewContent.style.height = sh + 'px';
  this.viewContent.style.left = this.x + 'px';
  this.viewContent.style.top = this.y + 'px';
  
  this.parent.appendChild(this.viewContent);
};

Square.prototype.remove = function() {
  this.parent.removeChild(this.viewContent);
}

//蛇
function Snake() {
  this.head = null;  //存一下蛇头的信息
  this.tail = null;  //存一下蛇尾的信息
  this.pos = [];   //存储蛇身上的每一个方块的位置,二维数组
  
  this.directionNum = {  //存储蛇走的方向,用一个对象来表示
    left : {
      x : -1,
      y : 0,
      rotate : 180
    },
    right : {
      x : 1,
      y : 0,
      rotate : 0
    },
    up : {
      x : 0,
      y : -1,
      rotate : -90
    },
    down : {
      x : 0,
      y : 1,
      rotate : 90
    }
  }
}

Snake.prototype.init = function() {
  //创建蛇头
  var snakeHead = new Square(2, 0, 'snakeHead');
  snakeHead.create();
  this.head = snakeHead;    // 存储蛇头信息
  this.pos.push([2, 0]);    //把蛇头的位置存起来
  
  //创建蛇身体
  var snakeBody1 = new Square(1, 0, 'snakeBody');
  snakeBody1.create();
  this.pos.push([1, 0]);    //把蛇身1的位置存起来
  
  var snakeBody2 = new Square(0, 0, 'snakeBody');
  snakeBody2.create();
  this.tail = snakeBody2;    //把蛇尾的信息存起来
  this.pos.push([0, 0]);    //把蛇身1的位置存起来
  
  //让蛇头蛇身形成链表关系
  snakeHead.last = null;
  snakeHead.next = snakeBody1;
  
  snakeBody1.last = snakeHead;
  snakeBody1.next = snakeBody2;
  
  snakeBody2.last = snakeBody1;
  snakeBody2.next = null;
  
  //给蛇添加一条属性,用来表示蛇走的方向
  this.direction = this.directionNum.right; //默认让蛇往右走
  
}

//这个方法用来获取蛇头的下一个位置对应的元素, 要根据元素做不同的事情
Snake.prototype.getNextPos = function() {
  var nextPos = [             //蛇头要走的下一个点的坐标
    this.head.x/sw + this.direction.x,
    this.head.y/sh + this.direction.y
  ];
  
  //下一个点是自己,代表撞到了自己,游戏结束
  var selfCollind = false;   //是否撞到自己
  this.pos.forEach(function(value) {
    if(value[0] == nextPos[0] && value[1] == nextPos[1]) {
      //如果数组中的两个数据都相等,就说明下一个点在蛇身上里面能找到,代表撞到自己了
      selfCollind = true;
    }
  });
  if(selfCollind) {
    console.log('撞到自己了!');
    
    this.strategies.die.call(this);
    
    return;
  }
  
  //下一个点是墙,游戏结束
  if(nextPos[0] < 0 || nextPos[1] < 0 || nextPos[0] > td - 1 || nextPos[1] > tr - 1) {
    console.log('撞墙了!');
    
    this.strategies.die.call(this);
    
    return;
  }
  //下一个点是食物,吃
  if(food && food.pos[0] == nextPos[0] && food.pos[1] == nextPos[1]) {
    //如果这个条件成立说明现在蛇头要走的下一个点是食物的那个点
    console.log('撞到食物了了!');
    this.strategies.eat.call(this);
    return;
  }
  //下一个点什么都不是,走
  this.strategies.move.call(this);
};

//处理碰撞后要做的事 
Snake.prototype.strategies = {
  move : function(format) {  //这个参数用于决定要不要删除最后一个方块(蛇尾), 当传了这个参数后就表示要做的事情是吃
    //创建新身体(在蛇头位置)
    var newBody = new Square(this.head.x/sw, this.head.y/sh, 'snakeBody');
    //更新链表关系
    newBody.next = this.head.next;
    newBody.next.last = newBody;
    newBody.last = null;
    
    
    this.head.remove();  //旧舌头从原来的位置删除
    newBody.create();
    
    //创建一个新蛇头(蛇头下一个要走到的点)
    var newHead = new Square(this.head.x/sw + this.direction.x, this.head.y/sh + this.direction.y, 'snakeHead')
    //更新链表关系
    newHead.next = newBody;
    newHead.last = null;
    newBody.last = newHead;
    newHead.viewContent.style.transform = 'rotate('+this.direction.rotate+'deg)';
    newHead.create();
    
    
    //蛇身上每一个方块的坐标也要更新
    this.pos.splice(0,0, [this.head.x/sw + this.direction.x, this.head.y/sh + this.direction.y]);
    this.head = newHead;   //还要把this.head的信息更新一下
    
    if(!format) {  //如何format 的值为 false, 表示需要删除(除了吃之外的操作)
      this.tail.remove();
      this.tail = this.tail.last;
      
      this.pos.pop();
    }
    
  },
  eat : function() {
    this.strategies.move.call(this, true);
    createFood();
    game.score ++;
  },
  die : function() {
    game.over();
  }
}

snake = new Snake();

//创建食物
function createFood() {
  //食物小方块的随机坐标
  var x = null;
  var y = null;
  
  var include = true;  //循环跳出的条件, true表示食物的坐标在蛇身上(需要继续循环),false表示食物坐标不在蛇身上(不循环了)
  while(include) {
    x = Math.round(Math.random() * (td - 1)); //0-29
    y = Math.round(Math.random() * (tr - 1));
    
    snake.pos.forEach(function(value) {
      if(x != value[0] && y != value[1]) {
        //这个条件成立说明现在随机出来的这个坐标,在蛇身上并没有找到
        include = false;
      }
    });
    
  }
  //生成食物
  food = new Square(x, y, 'food');
  food.pos = [x,y]; //存储一下生成食物的坐标,用于跟蛇头要走的下一个点作对比
  var foodDom = document.querySelector('.food');
  if(foodDom) {
    foodDom.style.left = x*sw + 'px';
    foodDom.style.top = y*sh + 'px';
  }else {
    food.create();
  }
}



//创建游戏逻辑
function Game() {
  this.timer = null;
  this.score = 0;
  this.speed = 200;
}
Game.prototype.init = function() {
  snake.init();
  snake.getNextPos();
  createFood();
  
  document.onkeydown = function(ev) {  //用户按下方向键触发事件
    if(ev.which == 37 && snake.direction != snake.directionNum.right) { 
      //用户按下左键是,蛇不能是往右走
      snake.direction = snake.directionNum.left;
    }else if(ev.which == 38 && snake.direction != snake.directionNum.dowm) {
      snake.direction = snake.directionNum.up;
    }else if(ev.which == 39 && snake.direction != snake.directionNum.left) {
      snake.direction = snake.directionNum.right;
    }else if(ev.which == 40 && snake.direction != snake.directionNum.up) {
      snake.direction = snake.directionNum.down;
    }
  }
  
  this.start();
}

Game.prototype.start = function() { //开始游戏
  this.timer = setInterval(function() {
    snake.getNextPos();
    
  }, this.speed);
}
Game.prototype.pause = function() {
  clearInterval(this.timer);
}
Game.prototype.over = function() { //开始游戏
  clearInterval(this.timer);
  alert('你的得分为' + this.score);
  
  //游戏回到最初的状态
  var snakeWrap = document.getElementById('snakeWrap');
  snakeWrap.innerHTML = '';
  snake = new Snake();
  game = new Game();
  var startBtnWrap = document.querySelector('.startBtn');
  startBtnWrap.style.display = 'block'; 
}
//开启游戏
game = new Game();
var startBtn = document.querySelector('.startBtn button');
startBtn.onclick = function() {
  startBtn.parentNode.style.display = 'none';
  game.init();
};


//暂停
var snakeWrap = document.getElementById('snakeWrap');
var puseBtn = document.querySelector('.stopBtn button')
snakeWrap.onclick = function() {
  game.pause();
  puseBtn.parentNode.style.display = 'block';
}

puseBtn.onclick =function() {
  game.start();
  puseBtn.parentNode.style.display = 'none';
}