基于python实现雪花算法过程详解

# Twitter's Snowflake algorithm implementation which is used to generate distributed IDs.
# https://github.com/twitter-archive/snowflake/blob/snowflake-2010/src/main/scala/com/twitter/service/snowflake/IdWorker.scala

import time
import logging

from .exceptions import InvalidSystemClock


# 64位ID的划分
WORKER_ID_BITS = 5
DATACENTER_ID_BITS = 5
SEQUENCE_BITS = 12

# 最大取值计算
MAX_WORKER_ID = -1 ^ (-1 << WORKER_ID_BITS) # 2**5-1 0b11111
MAX_DATACENTER_ID = -1 ^ (-1 << DATACENTER_ID_BITS)

# 移位偏移计算
WOKER_ID_SHIFT = SEQUENCE_BITS
DATACENTER_ID_SHIFT = SEQUENCE_BITS + WORKER_ID_BITS
TIMESTAMP_LEFT_SHIFT = SEQUENCE_BITS + WORKER_ID_BITS + DATACENTER_ID_BITS

# 序号循环掩码
SEQUENCE_MASK = -1 ^ (-1 << SEQUENCE_BITS)

# Twitter元年时间戳
TWEPOCH = 1288834974657


logger = logging.getLogger('flask.app')


class IdWorker(object):
  """
  用于生成IDs
  """

  def __init__(self, datacenter_id, worker_id, sequence=0):
    """
    初始化
    :param datacenter_id: 数据中心（机器区域）ID
    :param worker_id: 机器ID
    :param sequence: 其实序号
    """
    # sanity check
    if worker_id > MAX_WORKER_ID or worker_id < 0:
      raise ValueError('worker_id值越界')

    if datacenter_id > MAX_DATACENTER_ID or datacenter_id < 0:
      raise ValueError('datacenter_id值越界')

    self.worker_id = worker_id
    self.datacenter_id = datacenter_id
    self.sequence = sequence

    self.last_timestamp = -1 # 上次计算的时间戳

  def _gen_timestamp(self):
    """
    生成整数时间戳
    :return:int timestamp
    """
    return int(time.time() * 1000)

  def get_id(self):
    """
    获取新ID
    :return:
    """
    timestamp = self._gen_timestamp()

    # 时钟回拨
    if timestamp < self.last_timestamp:
      logging.error('clock is moving backwards. Rejecting requests until {}'.format(self.last_timestamp))
      raise InvalidSystemClock

    if timestamp == self.last_timestamp:
      self.sequence = (self.sequence + 1) & SEQUENCE_MASK
      if self.sequence == 0:
        timestamp = self._til_next_millis(self.last_timestamp)
    else:
      self.sequence = 0

    self.last_timestamp = timestamp

    new_id = ((timestamp - TWEPOCH) << TIMESTAMP_LEFT_SHIFT) | (self.datacenter_id << DATACENTER_ID_SHIFT) | \
         (self.worker_id << WOKER_ID_SHIFT) | self.sequence
    return new_id

  def _til_next_millis(self, last_timestamp):
    """
    等到下一毫秒
    """
    timestamp = self._gen_timestamp()
    while timestamp <= last_timestamp:
      timestamp = self._gen_timestamp()
    return timestamp

if __name__ == '__main__':
  worker = IdWorker(1, 2, 0)
  print(worker.get_id())

class InvalidSystemClock(Exception):
  """
  时钟回拨异常
  """
  pass

  # Snowflake ID Worker 参数
  DATACENTER_ID = 0
  WORKER_ID = 0
  SEQUENCE = 0