详解用python实现基本的学生管理系统(文件存储版)（python3）

"""
学生管理系统（文件存储版）
再原有功能的基础上添加了如下功能：
  1.保存学生数据，保存到与python文件同目录下 保存的时候设置编码UTF-8 防止乱码
  2.删除所有学生信息
  3.添加了函数recover_data运行程序先获取数据 文件不存在的话会自行创建并存储一个空列表
"""
import os
 
name_list = [] # 存储学生信息字典，学生信息用字典存，再用列表存储字典
 
 
# 菜单
def display_menu():
  print("-" * 30)
  print("  学生管理系统 v8.8 ")
  print("1.添加学生信息")
  print("2.删除学生信息")
  print("3.修改学生信息")
  print("4.查询单个学生信息")
  print("5.查询所有学生信息")
  print("6.保存学生信息")
  print("7.删除所有学生")
  print("0.退出系统")
  print("-" * 30)
 
 
# 选择序号的获得
def get_choice():
  selected_key = input("请输入选择的序号：")
  return selected_key
 
 
# 检查性别是否合法
def check_sex(new_sex):
  flag = True
  while flag:
    if new_sex == '男' or new_sex == '女':
      flag = False
    else:
      new_sex = input("输入性别有误，请重新输入(男/女)：")
  return new_sex
 
 
# 检查电话号码是否合法
def check_phone(new_phone):
  flag = True
  while flag:
    if new_phone.isdigit():
      flag = False
    else:
      new_phone = input("您输入的电话号码有误，请重新输入：")
  return new_phone
 
 
# 检查学号是否重复或者有误
def check_id(new_id):
  flag = True
  while flag:
    # 先检查是不是纯数字再去考虑是否重复的事情，如果不是纯数字直接pass
    if new_id.isdigit():
      for i in range(len(name_list)):
        if name_list[i]['id'] == new_id:
          new_id = check_id(input("您输入的学号重复，请重新输入："))
      flag = False
    else:
      new_id = input("您输入的学号有误，请重新输入：")
  return new_id
 
 
# 添加学生信息
def add_name():
  new_info = {}
  new_id = check_id(input("请输入学号："))
  new_info['id'] = new_id
  new_name = input("请输入姓名：")
  new_info['name'] = new_name
  new_sex = check_sex(input("请输入性别(男/女)："))
  new_info['sex'] = new_sex
  new_phone = check_phone(input("请输入电话号码："))
  new_info['phone'] = new_phone
  name_list.append(new_info)
  print("添加成功！")
 
 
# 查询所有学生信息
def find_all():
  print("=" * 30)
  for name in name_list:
    print(name['id'], name['name'], name['sex'], name['phone'])
  print("=" * 30)
 
 
# 删除学生信息
def del_name():
  del_id_is = input("请输入要删除的学生学号：")
  flag = False
  index = 0
  for i in range(len(name_list)):
    if name_list[i]['id'] == del_id_is:
      flag = True
      index = i
      break
  if flag:
    name_list.pop(index)
    print("删除成功！")
  else:
    print("学生未找到！请检查学号输入是否有误！")
 
 
# 删除所有学生
def del_all():
  global name_list
  flag = input("确定要删除吗?(Y删除/输入其他字符返回菜单):")
  if flag == 'Y' or flag == 'y':
    name_list = []
    print("删除成功！")
  else:
    return
 
 
# 名字修改细节函数
def choice_of_name(index):
  while True:
    choice = input("请输入要修改学生的(1.id 2.姓名 3.性别 4.电话号码，5.全部修改)：")
    if choice == '5':
      new_id = input("请输入新的学号：")
      name_list[index]['id'] = new_id
      new_name = input("请输入新的姓名：")
      name_list[index]['name'] = new_name
      new_sex = check_sex(input("请输入性别(男/女)："))
      name_list[index]['sex'] = new_sex
      new_phone = check_phone(input("请输入电话号码："))
      name_list[index]['phone'] = new_phone
      break
    elif choice == '1':
      new_id = input("请输入新的学号：")
      name_list[index]['id'] = new_id
      break
    elif choice == '2':
      new_name = input("请输入新的姓名：")
      name_list[index]['name'] = new_name
      break
    elif choice == '3':
      new_sex = check_sex(input("请输入性别(男/女)："))
      name_list[index]['sex'] = new_sex
      break
    elif choice == '4':
      new_phone = check_phone(input("请输入电话号码："))
      name_list[index]['phone'] = new_phone
      break
    else:
      print("输入有误，请重新输入！")
 
 
# 修改学生信息
def re_name():
  id_is = input("请输入要修改的学生学号：")
  flag = False
  index = 0
  # 先找到要修改的学生的下标
  for i in range(len(name_list)):
    if name_list[i]['id'] == id_is:
      flag = True
      index = i
      break
  if flag:
    choice_of_name(index)
    print("修改成功！")
  else:
    print("修改失败，学生信息未找到！")
 
 
# 查询单个学生信息
def find_name():
  find_id_is = input("请输入要查询的学生学号：")
  flag = False
  index = 0
  for i in range(len(name_list)):
    if name_list[i]['id'] == find_id_is:
      flag = True
      index = i
      break
  if flag:
    print("学生查询到，学生信息为：")
    print(name_list[index]['id'], name_list[index]['name'], name_list[index]['sex'], name_list[index]['phone'])
  else:
    print("学生未找到！")
 
 
# 保存学生信息
def save_stu():
  students = str(name_list)
  with open("students.txt", "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
    f.write(students)
  print("保存成功！文件位置在"+os.getcwd())
 
 
# 恢复数据
def recover_data():
  global name_list
  try:
    with open("students.txt", "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
      content = f.read()
      if content != '':
        name_list = eval(content)
  except:
    f = open("students.txt", "w")
    f.write("[]")
 
 
def main():
  recover_data()
  exit_name = True
  while exit_name:
    display_menu()
    key = get_choice()
    if key == '1':
      add_name()
    elif key == '2':
      del_name()
    elif key == '3':
      re_name()
    elif key == '4':
      find_name()
    elif key == '5':
      find_all()
    elif key == '6':
      save_stu()
    elif key == '7':
      del_all()
    elif key == '0':
      exit_name = False
    else:
      print("请输入正确的数值！")
 
 
main()