使用Node.js搭建静态资源服务详细教程

app.use(express.static('public'))

mkdir nodejs-static-webserver && cd "$_"
// initialize package.json
npm init

-- config
---- default.json
-- static-server.js
-- app.js
default.json
{
 "port": 9527,
 "root": "/Users/sheila1227/Public",
 "indexPage": "index.html"
}

const http = require('http');
const path = require('path');
const config = require('./config/default');
class StaticServer {
 constructor() {
  this.port = config.port;
  this.root = config.root;
  this.indexPage = config.indexPage;
 }

 start() {
  http.createServer((req, res) => {
   const pathName = path.join(this.root, path.normalize(req.url));
   res.writeHead(200);
   res.end(`Requeste path: ${pathName}`);
  }).listen(this.port, err => {
   if (err) {
    console.error(err);
    console.info('Failed to start server');
   } else {
    console.info(`Server started on port ${this.port}`);
   }
  });
 }
}
module.exports = StaticServer;

const StaticServer = require('./static-server');
(new StaticServer()).start();

> node app.js
Server started on port 9527

 routeHandler(pathName, req, res) {  
 }
 start() {
  http.createServer((req, res) => {
   const pathName = path.join(this.root, path.normalize(req.url));
   this.routeHandler(pathName, req, res);
  }).listen(this.port, err => {
   ...
  });
 }

 respondNotFound(req, res) {
  res.writeHead(404, {
   'Content-Type': 'text/html'
  });
  res.end(`<h2>Not Found</h2><p>The requested URL ${req.url} was not found on this server.</p>`);
 }

 respondFile(pathName, req, res) {
  const readStream = fs.createReadStream(pathName);
  readStream.pipe(res);
 }

 routeHandler(pathName, req, res) {
  fs.stat(pathName, (err, stat) => {
   if (!err) {
    this.respondFile(pathName, req, res);
   } else {
    this.respondNotFound(req, res);
   }
  });
 }

Transfer-Encoding:chunked

const path = require('path');
const mimeTypes = {
 "css": "text/css",
 "gif": "image/gif",
 "html": "text/html",
 "ico": "image/x-icon",
 "jpeg": "image/jpeg",
  ...
};
const lookup = (pathName) => {
 let ext = path.extname(pathName);
 ext = ext.split('.').pop();
 return mimeTypes[ext] || mimeTypes['txt'];
}
module.exports = {
 lookup
};

 respondFile(pathName, req, res) {
  const readStream = fs.createReadStream(pathName);
  res.setHeader('Content-Type', mime.lookup(pathName));
  readStream.pipe(res);
 }

routeHandler(pathName, req, res) {
  fs.stat(pathName, (err, stat) => {
   if (!err) {
    const requestedPath = url.parse(req.url).pathname;
    if (hasTrailingSlash(requestedPath) && stat.isDirectory()) {
     this.respondDirectory(pathName, req, res);
    } else if (stat.isDirectory()) {
     this.respondRedirect(req, res);
    } else {
     this.respondFile(pathName, req, res);
    }
   } else {
    this.respondNotFound(req, res);
   }
  });
 }

 respondRedirect(req, res) {
  const location = req.url + '/';
  res.writeHead(301, {
   'Location': location,
   'Content-Type': 'text/html'
  });
  res.end(`Redirecting to <a href='${location}'>${location}</a>`);
 }

 respondDirectory(pathName, req, res) {
  const indexPagePath = path.join(pathName, this.indexPage);
  if (fs.existsSync(indexPagePath)) {
   this.respondFile(indexPagePath, req, res);
  } else {
   fs.readdir(pathName, (err, files) => {
    if (err) {
     res.writeHead(500);
     return res.end(err);
    }
    const requestPath = url.parse(req.url).pathname;
    let content = `<h2>Index of ${requestPath}</h2>`;
    files.forEach(file => {
     let itemLink = path.join(requestPath,file);
     const stat = fs.statSync(path.join(pathName, file));
     if (stat && stat.isDirectory()) {
      itemLink = path.join(itemLink, '/');
     }     
     content += `<p><a href='${itemLink}'>${file}</a></p>`;
    });
    res.writeHead(200, {
     'Content-Type': 'text/html'
    });
    res.end(content);
   });
  }
 }

{
 ...
 "cacheControl": true,
 "expires": true,
 "etag": true,
 "lastModified": true,
 "maxAge": 5
}

class StaticServer {
 constructor() {
   ...
  this.enableCacheControl = config.cacheControl;
  this.enableExpires = config.expires;
  this.enableETag = config.etag;
  this.enableLastModified = config.lastModified;
  this.maxAge = config.maxAge;
 }

 respond(pathName, req, res) {
  fs.stat(pathName, (err, stat) => {
   if (err) return respondError(err, res);
   this.setFreshHeaders(stat, res);
   if (this.isFresh(req.headers, res._headers)) {
    this.responseNotModified(res);
   } else {
    this.responseFile(pathName, res);
   }
  });
 }

 generateETag(stat) {
  const mtime = stat.mtime.getTime().toString(16);
  const size = stat.size.toString(16);
  return `W/"${size}-${mtime}"`;
 }
 setFreshHeaders(stat, res) {
  const lastModified = stat.mtime.toUTCString();
  if (this.enableExpires) {
   const expireTime = (new Date(Date.now() + this.maxAge * 1000)).toUTCString();
   res.setHeader('Expires', expireTime);
  }
  if (this.enableCacheControl) {
   res.setHeader('Cache-Control', `public, max-age=${this.maxAge}`);
  }
  if (this.enableLastModified) {
   res.setHeader('Last-Modified', lastModified);
  }
  if (this.enableETag) {
   res.setHeader('ETag', this.generateETag(stat));
  }
 }

 isFresh(reqHeaders, resHeaders) {
  const noneMatch = reqHeaders['if-none-match'];
  const lastModified = reqHeaders['if-modified-since'];
  if (!(noneMatch || lastModified)) return false;
  if(noneMatch && (noneMatch !== resHeaders['etag'])) return false;
  if(lastModified && lastModified !== resHeaders['last-modified']) return false;
  return true;
 }

{
 ...
 "zipMatch": "^\\.(css|js|html)$"
}
static-server.js
 constructor() {
  ...
  this.zipMatch = new RegExp(config.zipMatch);
 }

compressHandler(readStream, req, res) { const acceptEncoding = req.headers['accept-encoding']; if (!acceptEncoding || !acceptEncoding.match(/\b(gzip|deflate)\b/)) { return readStream; } else if (acceptEncoding.match(/\bgzip\b/)) { res.setHeader('Content-Encoding', 'gzip'); return readStream.pipe(zlib.createGzip()); } else if (acceptEncoding.match(/\bdeflate\b/)) { res.setHeader('Content-Encoding', 'deflate'); return readStream.pipe(zlib.createDeflate()); } }

Ranges: bytes=[start]-[end]

Content-Range: bytes (start)-(end)/(total)

Content-Range: bytes */(total)

 rangeHandler(pathName, rangeText, totalSize, res) {
  const range = this.getRange(rangeText, totalSize);
  if (range.start > totalSize || range.end > totalSize || range.start > range.end) {
   res.statusCode = 416;
   res.setHeader('Content-Range', `bytes */${totalSize}`);
   res.end();
   return null;
  } else {
   res.statusCode = 206;
   res.setHeader('Content-Range', `bytes ${range.start}-${range.end}/${totalSize}`);
   return fs.createReadStream(pathName, { start: range.start, end: range.end });
  }
 }

var options = require( "yargs" )
 .option( "p", { alias: "port", describe: "Port number", type: "number" } )
 .option( "r", { alias: "root", describe: "Static resource directory", type: "string" } )
 .option( "i", { alias: "index", describe: "Default page", type: "string" } )
 .option( "c", { alias: "cachecontrol", default: true, describe: "Use Cache-Control", type: "boolean" } )
 .option( "e", { alias: "expires", default: true, describe: "Use Expires", type: "boolean" } )
 .option( "t", { alias: "etag", default: true, describe: "Use ETag", type: "boolean" } )
 .option( "l", { alias: "lastmodified", default: true, describe: "Use Last-Modified", type: "boolean" } )
 .option( "m", { alias: "maxage", describe: "Time a file should be cached for", type: "number" } )
 .help()
 .alias( "?", "help" )
 .argv;

node app.js -p 8888 -i main.html