C语言实现学生管理系统

#include<stdio.h> #include<string.h> #include<stdlib.h> typedef struct student{ long number;//学号 char name[10];//姓名 char sex[3];//性别 int age;//年龄 float Chinese;//语文 float Math;//数学 float English;//英语 float sum;//求和 float average;//平均分 struct student *next; }Stu,*StuList; //函数声明 //---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- StuList creat(void);//总创建 StuList creat1(void);//键盘接收 StuList creat2(void);//读取文件 StuList changes(StuList head);//更新 StuList modify(StuList head,long num);//修改 StuList del(StuList head,long num);//删除 StuList insert(StuList head,StuList stud);//插入 StuList input(StuList head,StuList p1);//录取信息 void sort(StuList head);//排序 void total_average_sort(StuList head);//求总分排序 void chinese_sort(StuList head);//求语文排序 void math_sort(StuList head);//数学排序 void english_sort(StuList head);//英语排序 void print(StuList head);//遍历 void Statistics(StuList head);//统计 void search(StuList head);//查找 void numsearch(StuList head,long num);//学号查找 void namesearch(StuList head,char name[]);//名字查找 int n;//计算学生的总个数 //----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- StuList creat(void)//总创建 { StuList head; int k; head=NULL; printf("输入学生信息的方式：1.从键盘输入 2.从文件读入 0.退出\n"); printf("请选择："); scanf("%d",&k); switch(k) { case 1:head=creat1();break; case 2:head=creat2();break; case 0:break; default:printf("输入错误，请重新输入！\n"); } return head; } //----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- StuList creat1(void)//从键盘接入 { StuList head,p1; n=0; p1=(StuList)malloc(sizeof(Stu));//生成一个新的节点 printf("请输入学生信息！\n"); head=NULL; p1=input(head,p1);//让p1指向已经赋值的结构体 while(p1->number!=0) { head=insert(head,p1); p1=(StuList)malloc(sizeof(Stu)); p1=input(head,p1); } return head; } //---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- StuList creat2(void)//从文件读取 { FILE *fp; StuList head,p1; n=0; head=NULL; if((fp=fopen("1.txt","r"))==NULL) { printf("打开文件失败！\n"); exit(0); } p1=(StuList)malloc(sizeof(Stu)); while(!feof(fp))//检测文件是否处在文件末尾如文件处在末尾则为1否则为0 { fscanf(fp,"%ld%s%s%d%f%f%f%f%f\n",&p1->number,p1->name,p1->sex,&p1->age,&p1->Chinese,&p1->Math,&p1->English,&p1->sum,&p1->average); head=insert(head,p1); p1=(StuList)malloc(sizeof(Stu)); }; fclose(fp); return head; } //---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- StuList input(StuList head,StuList p1)//录取信息的函数 { int i,f,k; StuList p2; loop:printf("学号（为整数，输入0时返回上一级）:"); scanf("%ld",&p1->number); if(p1->number<0) { printf("学号不能为负数，请重新输入！\n"); goto loop; } else{ if(p1->number==0) return p1; else { p2=head; f=0; for(i=1;i<=n;i++) { if(p1->number==p2->number) { f=1; break; } p2=p2->next; } } if(f) { printf("学号不能重复，请重新输入！\n"); goto loop; } } printf("姓名:"); scanf("%s",p1->name); loop1:printf("性别: 1.男 2.女\n"); printf("请选择性别:"); scanf("%d",&k); switch(k) { case 1:strcpy(p1->sex,"男");break; case 2:strcpy(p1->sex,"女");break; default:printf("性别只能是“男”或“女”，请重新输入！\n"); goto loop1; } printf("年龄:"); scanf("%d",&p1->age); while(p1->age<0||p1->age>120) { printf("你输入的年龄不符合实际情况，请重新输入！\n"); printf("年龄:"); scanf("%d",&p1->age); } printf("语文成绩:"); scanf("%f",&p1->Chinese); while(p1->Chinese<0||p1->Chinese>100) { printf("你输入的语文成绩不符合实际情况，请重新输入！\n"); printf("语文成绩:"); scanf("%f",&p1->Chinese); } printf("数学成绩:"); scanf("%f",&p1->Math); while(p1->Math<0||p1->Math>100) { printf("你输入的数学成绩不符合实际情况，请重新输入！\n"); printf("数学成绩:"); scanf("%f",&p1->Math); } printf("英语成绩:"); scanf("%f",&p1->English); while(p1->English<0||p1->English>100) { printf("你输入的英语成绩不符合实际情况，请重新输入！\n"); printf("英语成绩:"); scanf("%f",&p1->English); } p1->sum=p1->Chinese+p1->Math+p1->English; p1->average=p1->sum/3; return p1; } //---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- StuList insert(StuList head,StuList stud) { StuList p0,p1,p2; p1=head; p0=stud; if(head==NULL) { head=p0;p0->next=NULL; } else { while((p0->number>p1->number)&&(p1->next!=NULL)) { p2=p1; p1=p1->next; } if(p0->number<=p1->number) { if(head==p1) { head=p0; } else { p2->next=p0; p0->next=p1; } } else { p1->next=p0; p0->next=NULL; } } n=n+1; return head; } //----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- void search(StuList head) { int k; long num; char name[10]; if(n==0) { printf("数据库为空，没有学生的记录！\n"); return; } else{ do{ printf("1. 按学号查找 2. 按姓名查找 0. 返回上一级\n"); printf("请选择:"); scanf("%d",&k); switch(k) { case 1:do{ printf("学号（为整数，输入0时跳出按学号查找）:"); scanf("%ld",&num); if(num>0) numsearch(head,num); if(num<0) printf("输入错误，请重新选择！\n"); }while(num!=0); break; case 2:do{ printf("姓名（输入0时跳出按姓名查找）:"); scanf("%s",name); printf("学号\t\t姓名\t性别\t年龄\t语文\t数学\t英语\t总分\t平均分\n"); namesearch(head,name); }while(strcmp(name,"0")!=0); break; case 0:break; default:printf("输入错误，请重新选择！\n"); } }while(k!=0); } } //----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- void numsearch(StuList head,long num) { StuList p1; p1=head; while(p1!=NULL) { if(num==p1->number) { printf("学号\t\t姓名\t性别\t年龄\t语文\t数学\t英语\t总分\t平均分\n"); printf("%ld\t%s\t%s\t%d\t%.1f\t%.1f\t%.1f\t%.1f\t%.1f\n",p1->number,p1->name,p1->sex,p1->age,p1->Chinese,p1->Math,p1->English,p1->sum,p1->average); return; } p1=p1->next; } printf("没有找到你要查找的学生信息！\n"); } //----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- void namesearch(StuList head,char name[]) { int a=1; StuList p1; p1=head; while(p1!=NULL) { if(strcmp(name,p1->name)==0) { printf("%ld\t%s\t%s\t%d\t%.1f\t%.1f\t%.1f\t%.1f\t%.1f\n",p1->number,p1->name,p1->sex,p1->age,p1->Chinese,p1->Math,p1->English,p1->sum,p1->average); a=0; } p1=p1->next; } if(a) { printf("没有找到你要查找的学生信息！\n"); } } //----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- StuList changes(StuList head) { StuList p1; int k; long num; do{ printf("1. 修改 2. 删除 3. 插入 0. 返回上一级\n"); printf("请选择:"); scanf("%d",&k); switch(k) { case 1:if(n==0) { printf("数据库为空，没有学生的记录！\n");break; } else do{ printf("请输入学生的学号（学号应为整数，输入0时跳出修改数据）:"); scanf("%ld",&num); if(num>0) head=modify(head,num); if(num<0) printf("学号不能为负数，请重新输入！\n"); }while(num!=0); break; case 2:if(n==0) { printf("数据库为空，没有学生信息！\n"); break; } else do{ printf("请输入要删除的学生的学号（学号应为整数，输入0时跳出删除元素）:"); scanf("%ld",&num); if(num>0) head=del(head,num); if(num<0) printf("学号不能为负数，请重新输入！\n"); }while(num!=0); break; case 3:printf("请输入学生信息！\n"); p1=(StuList )malloc(sizeof(Stu)); p1=input(head,p1); while(p1->number!=0) { head=insert(head,p1); print(head); printf("请输入学生信息！\n"); p1=(StuList )malloc(sizeof(Stu)); p1=input(head,p1); } break; case 0:break; default:printf("输入错误，请重新输入！\n"); } }while(k!=0); return(head); } //----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- StuList modify(StuList head,long num) { StuList p1; int k,m; p1=head; while(p1->next!=NULL) { if(p1->number==num) break; p1=p1->next; } if(p1->number==num) { do{ printf("1.姓名 2.性别 3.年龄 4.语文成绩 5.数学成绩 6.英语成绩 0.返回上一级\n"); printf("请选择:"); scanf("%d",&k); switch(k) { case 1:printf("姓名:");scanf("%s",p1->name);printf("修改成功！\n");break; case 2:loop2:printf("性别: 1.男 2.女\n"); printf("请选择性别:"); scanf("%d",&m); switch(m) { case 1:strcpy(p1->sex,"男");break; case 2:strcpy(p1->sex,"女");break; default:printf("性别只能是“男”或“女”，请重新输入！\n");goto loop2;} printf("修改成功！\n"); break; case 3:printf("年龄:"); scanf("%d",&p1->age); while(p1->age<0||p1->age>120) { printf("你输入的年龄不符合实际情况，请重新输入！\n"); printf("年龄:"); scanf("%d",&p1->age); } printf("修改成功！\n"); break; case 4:printf("语文成绩:"); scanf("%f",&p1->Chinese); while(p1->Chinese<0||p1->Chinese>100) { printf("你输入的语文成绩不符合实际情况，请重新输入！\n"); printf("语文成绩:"); scanf("%f",&p1->Chinese); } p1->sum=p1->Chinese+p1->Math+p1->English; p1->average=p1->sum/3; printf("修改成功！\n"); break; case 5:printf("数学成绩:"); scanf("%f",&p1->Math); while(p1->Math<0||p1->Math>100){ printf("你输入的数学成绩不符合实际情况，请重新输入！\n"); printf("数学成绩:"); scanf("%f",&p1->Math);} p1->sum=p1->Chinese+p1->Math+p1->English; p1->average=p1->sum/3; printf("修改成功！\n"); break; case 6:printf("英语成绩:"); scanf("%f",&p1->English); while(p1->English<0||p1->English>100){ printf("年输入的英语成绩不符合实际情况，请重新输入！\n"); printf("英语成绩:"); scanf("%f",&p1->English);} p1->sum=p1->Chinese+p1->Math+p1->English; p1->average=p1->sum/3; printf("修改成功！\n");break; case 0:break; default:printf("输入错误，请重新选择！\n"); } }while(k!=0); print(head); } else printf("没有找到你要修改的学生的信息！\n"); return(head); } //----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- void total_average_sort(StuList head) { StuList p1,p2; int j=0; float max,k=301; printf("学号\t\t姓名\t性别\t年龄\t语文\t数学\t英语\t总分\t平均分\n"); do{ max=0; for(p1=head;p1;p1=p1->next) if(p1->sum>max&&p1->sum<k) { max=p1->sum; p2=p1; } k=max; for(p1=p2;p1;p1=p1->next) if(p1->sum==max) { printf("%ld\t%s\t%s\t%d\t%.1f\t%.1f\t%.1f\t%.1f\t%.1f\n",p1->number,p1->name,p1->sex,p1->age,p1->Chinese,p1->Math,p1->English,p1->sum,p1->average); j++; } }while(j<n); } //----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- void chinese_sort(StuList head) { int j=0; float k=101,max; StuList p1,p2; printf("学号\t\t姓名\t性别\t年龄\t语文\t数学\t英语\t总分\t平均分\n"); do{ max=0; for(p1=head;p1;p1=p1->next) if(p1->Chinese>max&&p1->Chinese<k) { max=p1->Chinese; p2=p1; } k=max; for(p1=p2;p1;p1=p1->next) if(p1->Chinese==max) { printf("%ld\t%s\t%s\t%d\t%.1f\t%.1f\t%.1f\t%.1f\t%.1f\n",p1->number,p1->name,p1->sex,p1->age,p1->Chinese,p1->Math,p1->English,p1->sum,p1->average); j++; } }while(j<n); } //----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- void math_sort(StuList head) { int j=0; float k=101,max; StuList p1,p2; printf("学号\t\t姓名\t性别\t年龄\t语文\t数学\t英语\t总分\t平均分\n"); do{ max=0; for(p1=head;p1;p1=p1->next) if(p1->Math>max&&p1->Math<k){ max=p1->Math; p2=p1;} k=max; for(p1=p2;p1;p1=p1->next) if(p1->Math==max){ printf("%ld\t%s\t%s\t%d\t%.1f\t%.1f\t%.1f\t%.1f\t%.1f\n",p1->number,p1->name,p1->sex,p1->age,p1->Chinese,p1->Math,p1->English,p1->sum,p1->average); j++;} }while(j<n); } //----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- void english_sort(StuList head) { int j=0; float k=101,max; StuList p1,p2; printf("学号\t\t姓名\t性别\t年龄\t语文\t数学\t英语\t总分\t平均分\n"); do{ max=0; for(p1=head;p1;p1=p1->next) if(p1->English>max&&p1->English<k){ max=p1->English; p2=p1;} k=max; for(p1=p2;p1;p1=p1->next) if(p1->English==max){ printf("%ld\t%s\t%s\t%d\t%.1f\t%.1f\t%.1f\t%.1f\t%.1f\n",p1->number,p1->name,p1->sex,p1->age,p1->Chinese,p1->Math,p1->English,p1->sum,p1->average); j++;} }while(j<n); } //----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- void sort(StuList head) { int k; if(n==0) { printf("数据库为空，没有学生记录！\n"); return; } do{ printf("1.按学号排序 2.按总分和平均分排序 3.按语文成绩排序 4.按数学成绩排序 5.按英语成绩排序 0.返回上一级\n"); printf("请选择:"); scanf("%d",&k); switch(k) { case 1:print(head);break; case 2:total_average_sort(head);break; case 3:chinese_sort(head);break; case 4:math_sort(head);break; case 5:english_sort(head);break; case 0:break; default:printf("输入错误，请重新输入！\n"); } }while(k!=0); } //----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- StuList del(StuList head,long num) { StuList p1,p2; if(head==NULL) { printf("数据库为空，没有学生记录！ \n"); goto end; } p1=head; while(num!=p1->number&&p1->next!=NULL) { p2=p1;p1=p1->next; } if(num==p1->number) { if(p1==head) { head=p1->next; printf("删除成功！\n"); } else { p2->next=p1->next; printf("删除成功！\n"); } n=n-1; print(head); } else printf("没有找到你要删除的学生信息！\n",num); end:; return head; } //----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- void Statistics(StuList head) { StuList p1; int i,c=0,m=0,e=0; float cmax=0,mmax=0,emax=0,summax=0,averagemax=0; if(n==0) { printf("数据库为空，没有学生的信息！\n"); return; } p1=head; for(i=1;i<=n;i++) { if(p1->Chinese>=cmax) cmax=p1->Chinese; if(p1->Math>=mmax) mmax=p1->Math; if(p1->English>=emax) emax=p1->English; if(p1->sum>=summax) summax=p1->sum; if(p1->average>=averagemax) averagemax=p1->average; if(p1->Chinese<60) c++; if(p1->Math<60) m++; if(p1->English<60) e++; p1=p1->next; } printf("总成绩最高分:%5.1f\n",summax); printf("平成绩最高分:%5.1f\n",averagemax); printf("语文成绩最高粉:%5.1f\n",cmax); printf("数学成绩最高分:%5.1f\n",mmax); printf("英语成绩最高分:%5.1f\n",emax); printf("语文成绩没有及格的人数:%d\n",c); printf("数学成绩没有及格的人数:%d\n",m); printf("英语成绩没有及格的人数:%d\n",e); printf("\n"); } //----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- void print(StuList head) { StuList p1; if(n==0) { printf("数据库为空，没有学生信息！\n"); return; } printf("\n现在的%d个学生记录为:\n",n); p1=head; if(head!=NULL) { printf("学号\t\t姓名\t性别\t年龄\t语文\t数学\t英语\t总分\t平均分\n"); do { printf("%ld\t%s\t%s\t%d\t%.1f\t%.1f\t%.1f\t%.1f\t%.1f\n",p1->number,p1->name,p1->sex,p1->age,p1->Chinese,p1->Math,p1->English,p1->sum,p1->average); p1=p1->next; }while(p1!=NULL); } } //----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- void save(StuList head) { FILE *fp; StuList p1; if(n==0) { printf("你还没有建立数据库！请先建立数据库！\n"); return; } if((fp=fopen("1.txt","w+"))==NULL) { printf("不能打开文件！\n"); exit(0); } for(p1=head;p1!=NULL;p1=p1->next) fprintf(fp,"%ld\t%s\t%s\t%d\t%5.1f\t%5.1f\t%5.1f\t%5.1f\t%5.1f\n",p1->number,p1->name,p1->sex,p1->age,p1->Chinese,p1->Math,p1->English,p1->sum,p1->average); printf("保存成功！\n"); fclose(fp); } //----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- int main() { int choice; StuList head; head=NULL; do{ printf("*******************************************************************************\n"); printf("^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^欢迎来到学生成绩管理系统!^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^\n"); printf(" \n"); printf(" 学生成绩管理系统的基本功能： \n"); printf(" 1. 新建; \n"); printf(" 2. 查找; \n"); printf(" 3. 更新; \n"); printf(" 4. 排序; \n"); printf(" 5. 统计; \n"); printf(" 6. 显示; \n"); printf(" 7. 保存; \n"); printf(" 0. 跳出; \n"); printf(" \n"); printf(" 按键选择，回车确定! \n"); printf(" \n"); printf("^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^\n"); printf("*******************************************************************************\n"); printf("请选择："); scanf("%d",&choice); while(getchar()!='\n'); switch(choice) { case 1:head=creat();print(head);break; case 2:search(head);break; case 3:head=changes(head);break; case 4:sort(head);break; case 5:Statistics(head);break; case 6:print(head);break; case 7:save(head);break; case 0:break; default:printf("输入错误，请重新选择!\n"); } }while(choice!=0); }

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