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这篇文章主要介绍了Spring如何使用注解的方式创建bean,文中通过示例代码介绍的非常详细,对大家的学习或者工作具有一定的参考学习价值,需要的朋友可以参考下
第一种使用配置类的方式
1、创建一个bean
package com.springbean; public class Person { private String name; private Integer age ; public Person(String name, Integer age) { this.name = name; this.age = age; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public void setAge(Integer age) { this.age = age; } public String getName() { return name; } public Integer getAge() { return age; } @Override public String toString() { return "Person{" + "name='" + name + '\'' + ", age=" + age + '}'; } }
2、创建配置类:
import com.springbean.Person; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; @Configuration public class PersonConfig { @Bean //@Bean("myperson") 这是设置bean的名字 public Person person(){ System.out.println("已经创建实例"); return new Person("张三",20); } }
3、测试
import com.spring.config.PersonConfig; import com.springbean.Person; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext; public class ApplicationTest { public static void main(String[] args) { ApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(PersonConfig.class); Person bean = applicationContext.getBean(Person.class); System.out.println(bean); //获取bean的类型,默认是方法名,需要修改就在配置类中@Bean里面加上名字 String[] beanNamesForType = applicationContext.getBeanNamesForType(Person.class); for (String beanType : beanNamesForType){ System.out.println(beanType); } } }
和xml配置文件一样,默认的bean是单例的,如果需要改变为prototype,xml配置文件里是加上scope="prototype",这里PersonConfig配置类中需要加上注解@Scope("prototype")。
介绍一下bean的几种类型的作用域。
不加注解测试:
ApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(PersonConfig.class); Person bean = applicationContext.getBean(Person.class); Person bean2 = applicationContext.getBean(Person.class); System.out.println(bean==bean2);//打印结果为true
加上注解@Scope("prototype")测试:
ApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(PersonConfig.class); Person bean = applicationContext.getBean(Person.class); Person bean2 = applicationContext.getBean(Person.class); System.out.println(bean==bean2); //打印结果为fale
我们也可以改变单例时ioc加载的时候就创建实例,只要在我们的PersonConfig配置类中加上@Lazy注解,使用懒加载。测试
public class ApplicationTest { public static void main(String[] args) { ApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(PersonConfig.class); /* Person bean = applicationContext.getBean(Person.class); Person bean2 = applicationContext.getBean(Person.class); System.out.println(bean==bean2);*/ /* String[] beanNamesForType = applicationContext.getBeanNamesForType(Person.class); for (String beanType : beanNamesForType){ System.out.println(beanType); }*/ } }
这是时打印栏将不会打印出“已经创建实例”,就实现的单例情况下的懒加载。
第二种使用@import注解的方式
新建一个student类
public class Student { }
在配置类PersonConfig上使用@Import注解,这里面可以传入一个数组,用大括号{}
@Configuration @Import({Student.class}) public class PersonConfig {
测试:
public class DemoTest { ApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(PersonConfig.class); @Test public void test(){ Student bean = applicationContext.getBean(Student.class); System.out.println(bean); } }
打印结果:com.springbean.Student@2c34f934 ,注入成功
还可以在@Import中加入ImportSelector的实现类来实现bean的注入
创建Parent和Teacher类
public class Parent { } public class Teacher { }
创建ImportSelector的实现类MyImportSelector,返回需要注入的bean,这里是全类名
public class myImportSelector implements ImportSelector{ @Override public String[] selectImports(AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) { return new String[]{"com.springbean.Parent","com.springbean.Teacher"}; } }
修改PersonConfig,这里传入实现类MyImportSelector
@Configuration @Import({Student.class, myImportSelector.class}) public class PersonConfig {
测试:
Parent parent = applicationContext.getBean(Parent.class); Teacher teacher = applicationContext.getBean(Teacher.class); System.out.println(parent); System.out.println(teacher);
打印结果:
com.springbean.Parent@3b2cf7ab com.springbean.Teacher@2aa5fe93
以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持亿速云。
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