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高可用Mysql安装配置方法和步骤

发布时间：2020-04-15 17:03:12 作者：三月
来源：亿速云 阅读：282

亿速云的负载均衡（Server Load Balancing）是对多台云服务器（计算集群）进行流量分发的网络服务设备。它可以通过流量分发，快速提高应用系统对外的服务能力；隐藏实际服务端口，增强内部系统的安全性；通过消除服务单点故障，提升应用系统的可靠性。今天亿速云就给大家介绍下

 高可用Mysql安装配置方法和步骤

1     高可用Mysql安装配置

1.1  实验环境

云服务器角色

云服务器IP

VIP

192.168.8.200

Mycat1

192.168.8.22

Mycat2

192.168.8.23

Mysql1(Master1)

192.168.8.24

Mysql2(Master2)

192.168.8.25

Mysql3(Slave)

192.168.8.26

 

1.2  Mysql安装配置

(192.168.8.24，192.168.8.25和192.168.8.26)三台服务器操作

1.2.1     Mysql安装

到官网下载mysql的yum源

https://www.mysql.com/

安装yum源rpm软件

rpm-ivh mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm

 

yum安装mysql

yuminstall mysql-community-server

1.2.2     Mysql初始化

启动mysql

systemctlstart mysqld

获取root密码

cat/var/log/mysqld.log | grep "temporary password"

2017-07-06T03:23:46.053467Z1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: iGUl/j*_r1*z

修改root密码

mysql–uroot –p

SETPASSWORD=PASSWORD('newpassword');

1.3  Mysql主主配置

(192.168.8.24和192.168.8.25)两台服务器操作

1.3.1     Mysql配置

192.168.8.24配置：

vi/etc/my.cnf

增加如下内容：

[mysqld]

symbolic-links=0

log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log

pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

 

server_id  = 1

log-bin=mysql-bing

log_bin_trust_function_creators=TRUE

log-slave-updates  

sync_binlog=1  

auto_increment_offset=1  

auto_increment_increment=2  

slave-skip-errors=all

lower_case_table_names=1

character_set_server=utf8

skip-name-resolve

 

[mysql]

default-character-set=utf8

[mysqld_safe]

default-character-set=utf8

[mysql.server]

default-character-set=utf8

[client]

default-character-set=utf8

 

192.168.8.25配置：

vi/etc/my.cnf

增加如下内容：

symbolic-links=0

 

log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log

pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

 

server_id  = 2

log-bin=mysql-bing

log_bin_trust_function_creators=TRUE

log-slave-updates

sync_binlog=1

auto_increment_offset=1

auto_increment_increment=2

slave-skip-errors=all

lower_case_table_names=1

character_set_server  = utf8

skip-name-resolve

 

[mysql]

default-character-set=utf8

[mysqld_safe]

default-character-set=utf8

[mysql.server]

default-character-set  = utf8

[client]

default-character-set  = utf8

 

服务器1（192.168.8.24）和服务器2（192.168.8.25）重启服务：

systemctlrestart mysqld

 

1.3.2     Sql配置

服务器1（192.168.8.24）操作：

mysql–u root –p

mysql>GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* to 'repluser'@'192.168.8.25' identified by'123456';

mysql>flush privileges;

mysql>flush tables with read lock;            #防止进入新的数据

#查看bin文件和position，之后需要用到

mysql>SHOW MASTER STATUS;

+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+

|File             | Position |Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |

+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+

| mysql-bin.000004 |      106 |              |                  |

+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+

 

服务器2（192.168.8.25）操作：

mysql–u root –p

mysql>GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* to 'repluser'@'192.168.8.24' identified by'123456';

mysql>flush privileges;

mysql>flush tables with read lock;            #防止进入新的数据

#查看bin文件和position，之后需要用到

mysql>SHOW MASTER STATUS;

+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+

|File             | Position |Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |

+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+

| mysql-bin.000004 |      350 |              |                  |

+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+

 

服务器1（192.168.8.24）操作：

mysql>CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.8.25',MASTER_USER='repluser',MASTER_PASSWORD='123456',MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000004',MASTER_LOG_POS=350,MASTER_PORT=3306;

 

服务器2（192.168.8.25）操作：

mysql>CHANGE MASTER TOMASTER_HOST='192.168.8.24',MASTER_USER='repluser',MASTER_PASSWORD='123456',MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000004',MASTER_LOG_POS=106,MASTER_PORT=3306;

 

服务器1（192.168.8.24）和服务器2（192.168.8.25）分别操作：

mysql> unlock tables;

mysql> start slave;

mysql> show slave status\G;

*************************** 1.row ***************************

主要关注以下 2 个参数：

...

...

Slave_IO_Running: Yes

Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

...

...

 

1.3.3     测试

服务器1（192.168.8.24）新增加库：

mysql>show databases;

+--------------------+

|Database           |

+--------------------+

|information_schema |

|mysql              |

|test               |

+--------------------+

 

mysql>create database tom;

mysql>show databases;

+--------------------+

|Database           |

+--------------------+

|information_schema |

|mysql              |

|test               |

|tom                |

+--------------------+

 

服务器2（192.168.8.25）查看自动新增加库：

mysql>show databases;

+--------------------+

|Database           |

+--------------------+

|information_schema |

|mysql              |

|test               |

|tom                |

+--------------------+

 

服务器2（192.168.8.25）将新增加库删除：

mysql>drop database tom;

mysql>show databases;

+--------------------+

|Database           |

+--------------------+

|information_schema |

|mysql              |

|test               |

+--------------------+

 

服务器1（192.168.8.24）将自动删除：

mysql>show databases;

+--------------------+

|Database           |

+--------------------+

|information_schema |

|mysql              |

|test               |

+--------------------+

至此说明双方同步成功

1.4  Mysql主从配置

(192.168.8.24和192.168.8.26)两台服务器操作

1.4.1     Mysql配置

192.168.8.24配置在上节已经完成。略过

192.168.8.26配置：

vi/etc/my.cnf

增加如下内容：

[mysqld]

symbolic-links=0

log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log

pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

 

server_id  = 3

log-bin=mysql-bing

log_bin_trust_function_creators=TRUE

log-slave-updates

sync_binlog=1

auto_increment_offset=1

auto_increment_increment=2

slave-skip-errors=all

lower_case_table_names=1

character_set_server  = utf8

skip-name-resolve

 

[mysql]

default-character-set=utf8

[mysqld_safe]

default-character-set=utf8

[mysql.server]

default-character-set  = utf8

[client]

default-character-set  = utf8

 

重启服务

systemctlrestart mysqld

 

1.4.2     Sql配置

服务器1（192.168.8.24）操作：

mysql–u root –p

mysql>GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* to 'repluser'@'192.168.8.26' identified by'123456';

mysql>flush privileges;

mysql>flush tables with read lock;            #防止进入新的数据

#查看bin文件和position，之后需要用到

mysql>SHOW MASTER STATUS;

+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+

|File             | Position |Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |

+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+

| mysql-bin.000004 |      106 |              |                  |

+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+

 

服务器2（192.168.8.26）操作：

mysql>CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.8.24',MASTER_USER='repluser',MASTER_PASSWORD='123456',MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000004',MASTER_LOG_POS=106,MASTER_PORT=3306;

 

服务器1（192.168.8.24）操作：

mysql>unlock tables;

服务器2（192.168.8.26）操作：

mysql>start slave;

mysql>show slave status\G;

***************************1. row ***************************

主要关注以下 2 个参数：

...

...

Slave_IO_Running:Yes

Slave_SQL_Running:Yes

...

...

 

1.4.3     测试

服务器1（192.168.8.24）新增加库：

mysql>show databases;

+--------------------+

|Database           |

+--------------------+

|information_schema |

|mysql              |

|test               |

+--------------------+

 

mysql>create database tom;

mysql>show databases;

+--------------------+

|Database           |

+--------------------+

|information_schema |

|mysql              |

|test               |

|tom                |

+--------------------+

 

服务器2（192.168.8.26）查看自动新增加库：

mysql>show databases;

+--------------------+

|Database           |

+--------------------+

|information_schema |

|mysql              |

|test               |

|tom                |

+--------------------+

 

 

1.5  Mycat安装配置

(192.168.8.22和192.168.8.23)两台服务器操作

1.5.1     Mycat安装

安装java

yuminstall java-1.8.0-openjdk

下载mycat：

http://dl.mycat.io/

 

解压安装包

tarzxvf Mycat-server-1.7.0-DEV-20170416134921-linux.tar.gz

mvMycat  /usr/local/mycat

 

配置环境变量

vi/etc/profile,在系统环境变量文件中增加 MYCAT_HOME=/usr/local/mycat

 

1.5.2     Mycat配置

cd/usr/local/mycat/conf

viserver.xml

修改如下配置

      <user name="root">

                <property  name="password">Test@123</property>

                <property  name="schemas">tom,test（有多个数据库可以添加多个逻辑库）

</property>

 

                <!-- 表级 DML 权限设置 -->

                <!--

                <privileges  check="false">

                        <schema  name="TESTDB" dml="0110" >

                                <table  name="tb01" dml="0000"></table>

                                <table name="tb02"  dml="1111"></table>

                        </schema>

                </privileges>

                 -->

        </user>

 

        <user name="user">

                <property  name="password">user</property>

                <property  name="schemas">tom,test</property>

                <property  name="readOnly">true</property>

        </user>

 

vischema.xml

只保留以下配置读写分离，其他删除

<?xml  version="1.0"?>

<!DOCTYPE  mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">

<mycat:schema  xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">

 

        <schema name="tom"  checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100"  dataNode="dn1">

        </schema>

        <schema name="test"  checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100"  dataNode="dn2">

        </schema>

        <dataNode name="dn1"  dataHost=" localhost1" database="tom" />

        <dataNode name="dn2"  dataHost=" localhost1" database="test" />

        <dataHost name="  localhost1" maxCon="10000" minCon="10"  balance="1"

                           writeType="0" dbType="mysql"  dbDriver="native" switchType="1"  slaveThreshold="100">

                <heartbeat>select  user()</heartbeat>

                <writeHost host="hostM1"  url="192.168.8.24:3306" user="root"

                                   password="Test@123">

                           <readHost  host="hostS2" url="192.168.8.26:3306"  user="root" password="Test@123" />

                </writeHost>

                <writeHost host="hostS1"  url="192.168.8.25:3306" user="root"

                                   password="Test@123"  />

        </dataHost>

</mycat:schema>

启动mycat

/usr/local/mycat/bin/mycatstart

 

1.6  keepalived安装配置

1.6.1         实验环境

服务器角色

服务器IP

VIP1

192.168.8.200

LVS1

192.168.8.10

LVS2

192.168.8.11

 

1.6.2     安装keepalived

yuminstall -y keepalived ipvsadm

1.6.3     配置keepalived

vim/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

LVS-DR-Master上，其配置如下（192.168.8.10操作）：

!  Configuration File for keepalived

 

global_defs  {

   notification_email {

     acassen@firewall.loc

     failover@firewall.loc

     sysadmin@firewall.loc

   }

   notification_email_from  Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc

   smtp_server 192.168.200.1

   smtp_connect_timeout 30

   router_id LVS_DEVEL

}

 

vrrp_instance  VI_1 {

    state BACKUP

    interface ens160

    virtual_router_id 51

    priority 100

    advert_int 1

    authentication {

        auth_type PASS

        auth_pass 123456

    }

    virtual_ipaddress {

        192.168.8.100

        192.168.8.200

    }

}

 

virtual_server  192.168.8.100 80 {

    delay_loop 6

    lb_algo rr

    lb_kind DR

    nat_mask 255.255.255.0

    persistence_timeout 50

    protocol TCP

 

    real_server 192.168.8.12 80 {

        weight 1

        TCP_CHECK {

            connect_timeout 3

            nb_get_retry 3

            delay_before_retry 3

            connect_port 80

        }

    }

 

    real_server 192.168.8.13 80 {

        weight 1

        TCP_CHECK {

            connect_timeout 3

            nb_get_retry 3

            delay_before_retry 3

            connect_port 80

        }

    }

}

 

virtual_server  192.168.8.100 21 {

    delay_loop 6

    lb_algo rr

    lb_kind DR

    nat_mask 255.255.255.0

    persistence_timeout 50

    protocol TCP

 

    real_server 192.168.8.12 21 {

        weight 1

        TCP_CHECK {

            connect_timeout 3

            nb_get_retry 3

            delay_before_retry 3

            connect_port 21

        }

    }

 

    real_server 192.168.8.13 21 {

        weight 1

        TCP_CHECK {

            connect_timeout 3

            nb_get_retry 3

            delay_before_retry 3

            connect_port 21

        }

}

}

 

virtual_server 192.168.8.200 8066 {

    delay_loop 6

    lb_algo rr

    lb_kind DR

    nat_mask 255.255.255.0

    persistence_timeout 50

    protocol TCP

 

    real_server 192.168.8.22  8066 {

        weight 1

        TCP_CHECK {   

            connect_timeout  3

            nb_get_retry 3

             delay_before_retry 3

            connect_port 8066

        }

    }

 

    real_server 192.168.8.23  8066 {

        weight 1

        TCP_CHECK {

            connect_timeout  3

            nb_get_retry 3

             delay_before_retry 3

            connect_port  8066

        }

    }

}

LVS-DR-Backup上，其配置如下（192.168.8.11操作）：

!  Configuration File for keepalived

 

global_defs  {

   notification_email {

     acassen@firewall.loc

     failover@firewall.loc

     sysadmin@firewall.loc

   }

   notification_email_from  Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc

   smtp_server 192.168.200.1

   smtp_connect_timeout 30

   router_id LVS_DEVEL

}

 

vrrp_instance  VI_1 {

    state BACKUP

    interface ens160

    virtual_router_id 51

    priority 90

    advert_int 1

    authentication {

        auth_type PASS

        auth_pass 123456

    }

    virtual_ipaddress {

        192.168.8.100

        192.168.8.200

    }

}

 

virtual_server  192.168.8.100 80 {

    delay_loop 6

    lb_algo rr

    lb_kind DR

    nat_mask 255.255.255.0

    persistence_timeout 50

    protocol TCP

 

    real_server 192.168.8.12 80 {

        weight 1

        TCP_CHECK {

            connect_timeout 3

            nb_get_retry 3

            delay_before_retry 3

            connect_port 80

        }

    }

 

    real_server 192.168.8.13 80 {

        weight 1

        TCP_CHECK {

            connect_timeout 3

            nb_get_retry 3

            delay_before_retry 3

            connect_port 80

        }

    }

}

 

virtual_server  192.168.8.100 21 {

    delay_loop 6

    lb_algo rr

    lb_kind DR

    nat_mask 255.255.255.0

    persistence_timeout 50

    protocol TCP

 

    real_server 192.168.8.12 21 {

        weight 1

        TCP_CHECK {

            connect_timeout 3

            nb_get_retry 3

            delay_before_retry 3

            connect_port 21

        }

    }

 

    real_server 192.168.8.13 21 {

        weight 1

        TCP_CHECK {

            connect_timeout 3

            nb_get_retry 3

            delay_before_retry 3

            connect_port 21

        }

}

}

 

virtual_server 192.168.8.200 8066 {

    delay_loop 6

    lb_algo rr

    lb_kind DR

    nat_mask 255.255.255.0

    persistence_timeout 50

    protocol TCP

 

    real_server 192.168.8.22  8066 {

        weight 1

        TCP_CHECK {   

            connect_timeout  3

            nb_get_retry 3

            delay_before_retry  3

            connect_port  8066

        }

    }

 

    real_server 192.168.8.23  8066 {

        weight 1

        TCP_CHECK {

            connect_timeout  3

            nb_get_retry 3

             delay_before_retry 3

            connect_port  8066

        }

    }

}

 

1.6.4         虚拟IP脚本

mycat服务器(192.168.8.22和192.168.8.23)操作

chmod+x /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions

vi/usr/local/bin/realserver.sh

#!/bin/bash

#description:  Config realserver

 

VIP=192.168.8.200

 

/etc/rc.d/init.d/functions

 

case  "$1" in

start)

       /sbin/ifconfig lo:0 $VIP netmask  255.255.255.255 broadcast $VIP

       /sbin/route add -host $VIP dev lo:0

       echo "1"  >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore

       echo "2"  >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce

       echo "1"  >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore

       echo "2"  >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce

       sysctl -p >/dev/null 2>&1

       echo "RealServer Start OK"

       ;;

stop)

       /sbin/ifconfig lo:0 down

       /sbin/route del $VIP >/dev/null  2>&1

       echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore

       echo "0"  >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce

       echo "0"  >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore

       echo "0"  >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce

       echo "RealServer Stoped"

       ;;

*)

       echo "Usage: $0  {start|stop}"

       exit 1

esac

 

exit  0

启动脚本

/usr/local/bin/realserver.shstart

1.6.5         启动keepalived

LVS-DR-Master（192.168.8.22）和LVS-DR-Backup（192.168.8.13）分别操作：

/etc/init.d/keepalivedstart

通过ipvsadm -L命令查看VIP是否能成功映射到后端服务。如果失败了，可通过/var/log/messages日志定位keepalived启动失败的原因。

IPVirtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)

ProtLocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags

  -> RemoteAddress:Port           Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn

TCP  123.com:8066 rr

  -> 192.168.8.22:8066           Route   1     0          0        

  -> 192.168.8.23:8066           Route   1     0          0         

如果大家还有什么地方需要了解的可以在亿速云官网找我们的专业技术工程师的，亿速云技术工程师在行业内拥有十几年的经验了，所以会比小编回答的更加详细专业。亿速云官网链接www.yisu.com


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