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摘要
分析验证码素材图片混淆原理，并采用selenium模拟人拖动滑块过程，进而破解验证码。
人工验证的过程
1、打开威锋网注册页面
2、移动鼠标至小滑块，一张完整的图片会出现（如下图1）
3、点击鼠标左键，图片中间会出现一个缺块（如下图2）
4、移动小滑块正上方图案至缺块处
5、验证通过
selenium模拟验证的过程
1、打开chrome浏览器控制台，会发现图1所示的验证码图片并不是极验后台返回的原图。而是由多个div拼接而成（如下图3）
通过图片显示div的style属性可知，极验后台把图片进行切割加错位处理。把素材图片切割成10 * 58大小的52张小图，再进行错位处理。在网页上显示的时候，再通过css的background-position属性对图片进行还原。以上的图1和图2都是经过了这种处理。在这种情况下，使用selenium模拟验证是需要对下载的验证码图片进行还原。如上图3的第一个div.gt_cut_fullbg_slice标签，它的大小为10px * 58px，其中style属性为background-image: url("http://static.geetest.com/pictures/gt/969ffa43c/969ffa43c.webp"); background-position: -157px -58px;会把该属性对应url的图片进行一个平移操作，以左上角为参考，向左平移157px，向上平移58px，图片超出部分不会显示。所以上图1所示图片是由26 * 2个10px * 58px大小的div组成（如下图4）。每一个小方块的大小58 * 10
2、下载图片并还原，上一步骤分析了图片具体的混淆逻辑，具体还原图片的代码实现如下，主要逻辑是把原图裁剪为52张小图，然后拼接成一张完整的图。
/**
*还原图片
* @param type
*/
private static void restoreImage(String type) throws IOException {
//把图片裁剪为2 * 26份
for(int i = 0; i < 52; i++){
cutPic(basePath + type +".jpg"
,basePath + "result/" + type + i + ".jpg", -moveArray[i][0], -moveArray[i][1], 10, 58);
}
//拼接图片
String[] b = new String[26];
for(int i = 0; i < 26; i++){
b[i] = String.format(basePath + "result/" + type + "%d.jpg", i);
}
mergeImage(b, 1, basePath + "result/" + type + "result1.jpg");
//拼接图片
String[] c = new String[26];
for(int i = 0; i < 26; i++){
c[i] = String.format(basePath + "result/" + type + "%d.jpg", i + 26);
}
mergeImage(c, 1, basePath + "result/" + type + "result2.jpg");
mergeImage(new String[]{basePath + "result/" + type + "result1.jpg",
basePath + "result/" + type + "result2.jpg"}, 2, basePath + "result/" + type + "result3.jpg");
//删除产生的中间图片
for(int i = 0; i < 52; i++){
new File(basePath + "result/" + type + i + ".jpg").deleteOnExit();
}
new File(basePath + "result/" + type + "result1.jpg").deleteOnExit();
new File(basePath + "result/" + type + "result2.jpg").deleteOnExit();
}
还原过程需要注意的是，后台返回错位的图片是312 * 116大小的。而网页上图片div的大小是260 * 116。
3、计算平移距离，遍历图片的每一个像素点，当两张图的R、G、B之差的和大于255，说明该点的差异过大，很有可能就是需要平移到该位置的那个点，代码如下。
BufferedImage fullBI = ImageIO.read(new File(basePath + "result/" + FULL_IMAGE_NAME + "result3.jpg"));
BufferedImage bgBI = ImageIO.read(new File(basePath + "result/" + BG_IMAGE_NAME + "result3.jpg"));
for (int i = 0; i < bgBI.getWidth(); i++){
for (int j = 0; j < bgBI.getHeight(); j++) {
int[] fullRgb = new int[3];
fullRgb[0] = (fullBI.getRGB(i, j) & 0xff0000) >> 16;
fullRgb[1] = (fullBI.getRGB(i, j) & 0xff00) >> 8;
fullRgb[2] = (fullBI.getRGB(i, j) & 0xff);
int[] bgRgb = new int[3];
bgRgb[0] = (bgBI.getRGB(i, j) & 0xff0000) >> 16;
bgRgb[1] = (bgBI.getRGB(i, j) & 0xff00) >> 8;
bgRgb[2] = (bgBI.getRGB(i, j) & 0xff);
if(difference(fullRgb, bgRgb) > 255){
return i;
}
}
}
4、模拟鼠标移动事件，这一步骤是最关键的步骤，极验验证码后台正是通过移动滑块的轨迹来判断是否为机器所为。整个移动轨迹的过程越随机越好，我这里提供一种成功率较高的移动算法，代码如下。
public static void move(WebDriver driver, WebElement element, int distance) throws InterruptedException {
int xDis = distance + 11;
System.out.println("应平移距离：" + xDis);
int moveX = new Random().nextInt(8) - 5;
int moveY = 1;
Actions actions = new Actions(driver);
new Actions(driver).clickAndHold(element).perform();
Thread.sleep(200);
printLocation(element);
actions.moveToElement(element, moveX, moveY).perform();
System.out.println(moveX + "--" + moveY);
printLocation(element);
for (int i = 0; i < 22; i++){
int s = 10;
if (i % 2 == 0){
s = -10;
}
actions.moveToElement(element, s, 1).perform();
printLocation(element);
Thread.sleep(new Random().nextInt(100) + 150);
}
System.out.println(xDis + "--" + 1);
actions.moveByOffset(xDis, 1).perform();
printLocation(element);
Thread.sleep(200);
actions.release(element).perform();
}
完整代码如下
package com.github.wycm;
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import org.jsoup.Jsoup;
import org.jsoup.nodes.Document;
import org.jsoup.nodes.Element;
import org.jsoup.select.Elements;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.Point;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedCondition;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait;
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.imageio.ImageReadParam;
import javax.imageio.ImageReader;
import javax.imageio.stream.ImageInputStream;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
public class GeettestCrawler {
private static String basePath = "src/main/resources/";
private static String FULL_IMAGE_NAME = "full-image";
private static String BG_IMAGE_NAME = "bg-image";
private static int[][] moveArray = new int[52][2];
private static boolean moveArrayInit = false;
private static String INDEX_URL = "https://passport.feng.com/?r=user/register";
private static WebDriver driver;
static {
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "D:/dev/selenium/chromedriver_V2.30/chromedriver_win32/chromedriver.exe");
if (!System.getProperty("os.name").toLowerCase().contains("windows")){
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "/Users/wangyang/workspace/selenium/chromedriver_V2.30/chromedriver");
}
driver = new ChromeDriver();
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++){
try {
invoke();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
driver.quit();
}
private static void invoke() throws IOException, InterruptedException {
//设置input参数
driver.get(INDEX_URL);
//通过[class=gt_slider_knob gt_show]
By moveBtn = By.cssSelector(".gt_slider_knob.gt_show");
waitForLoad(driver, moveBtn);
WebElement moveElemet = driver.findElement(moveBtn);
int i = 0;
while (i++ < 15){
int distance = getMoveDistance(driver);
move(driver, moveElemet, distance - 6);
By gtTypeBy = By.cssSelector(".gt_info_type");
By gtInfoBy = By.cssSelector(".gt_info_content");
waitForLoad(driver, gtTypeBy);
waitForLoad(driver, gtInfoBy);
String gtType = driver.findElement(gtTypeBy).getText();
String gtInfo = driver.findElement(gtInfoBy).getText();
System.out.println(gtType + "---" + gtInfo);
/**
* 再来一次：
* 验证失败：
*/
if(!gtType.equals("再来一次:") && !gtType.equals("验证失败:")){
Thread.sleep(4000);
System.out.println(driver);
break;
}
Thread.sleep(4000);
}
}
/**
* 移动
* @param driver
* @param element
* @param distance
* @throws InterruptedException
*/
public static void move(WebDriver driver, WebElement element, int distance) throws InterruptedException {
int xDis = distance + 11;
System.out.println("应平移距离：" + xDis);
int moveX = new Random().nextInt(8) - 5;
int moveY = 1;
Actions actions = new Actions(driver);
new Actions(driver).clickAndHold(element).perform();
Thread.sleep(200);
printLocation(element);
actions.moveToElement(element, moveX, moveY).perform();
System.out.println(moveX + "--" + moveY);
printLocation(element);
for (int i = 0; i < 22; i++){
int s = 10;
if (i % 2 == 0){
s = -10;
}
actions.moveToElement(element, s, 1).perform();
// printLocation(element);
Thread.sleep(new Random().nextInt(100) + 150);
}
System.out.println(xDis + "--" + 1);
actions.moveByOffset(xDis, 1).perform();
printLocation(element);
Thread.sleep(200);
actions.release(element).perform();
}
private static void printLocation(WebElement element){
Point point = element.getLocation();
System.out.println(point.toString());
}
/**
* 等待元素加载，10s超时
* @param driver
* @param by
*/
public static void waitForLoad(final WebDriver driver, final By by){
new WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(new ExpectedCondition<Boolean>() {
public Boolean apply(WebDriver d) {
WebElement element = driver.findElement(by);
if (element != null){
return true;
}
return false;
}
});
}
/**
* 计算需要平移的距离
* @param driver
* @return
* @throws IOException
*/
public static int getMoveDistance(WebDriver driver) throws IOException {
String pageSource = driver.getPageSource();
String fullImageUrl = getFullImageUrl(pageSource);
FileUtils.copyURLToFile(new URL(fullImageUrl), new File(basePath + FULL_IMAGE_NAME + ".jpg"));
String getBgImageUrl = getBgImageUrl(pageSource);
FileUtils.copyURLToFile(new URL(getBgImageUrl), new File(basePath + BG_IMAGE_NAME + ".jpg"));
initMoveArray(driver);
restoreImage(FULL_IMAGE_NAME);
restoreImage(BG_IMAGE_NAME);
BufferedImage fullBI = ImageIO.read(new File(basePath + "result/" + FULL_IMAGE_NAME + "result3.jpg"));
BufferedImage bgBI = ImageIO.read(new File(basePath + "result/" + BG_IMAGE_NAME + "result3.jpg"));
for (int i = 0; i < bgBI.getWidth(); i++){
for (int j = 0; j < bgBI.getHeight(); j++) {
int[] fullRgb = new int[3];
fullRgb[0] = (fullBI.getRGB(i, j) & 0xff0000) >> 16;
fullRgb[1] = (fullBI.getRGB(i, j) & 0xff00) >> 8;
fullRgb[2] = (fullBI.getRGB(i, j) & 0xff);
int[] bgRgb = new int[3];
bgRgb[0] = (bgBI.getRGB(i, j) & 0xff0000) >> 16;
bgRgb[1] = (bgBI.getRGB(i, j) & 0xff00) >> 8;
bgRgb[2] = (bgBI.getRGB(i, j) & 0xff);
if(difference(fullRgb, bgRgb) > 255){
return i;
}
}
}
throw new RuntimeException("未找到需要平移的位置");
}
private static int difference(int[] a, int[] b){
return Math.abs(a[0] - b[0]) + Math.abs(a[1] - b[1]) + Math.abs(a[2] - b[2]);
}
/**
* 获取move数组
* @param driver
*/
private static void initMoveArray(WebDriver driver){
if (moveArrayInit){
return;
}
Document document = Jsoup.parse(driver.getPageSource());
Elements elements = document.select("[class=gt_cut_bg gt_show]").first().children();
int i = 0;
for(Element element : elements){
Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile(".*background-position: (.*?)px (.*?)px.*");
Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(element.toString());
if (matcher.find()){
String width = matcher.group(1);
String height = matcher.group(2);
moveArray[i][0] = Integer.parseInt(width);
moveArray[i++][1] = Integer.parseInt(height);
} else {
throw new RuntimeException("解析异常");
}
}
moveArrayInit = true;
}
/**
*还原图片
* @param type
*/
private static void restoreImage(String type) throws IOException {
//把图片裁剪为2 * 26份
for(int i = 0; i < 52; i++){
cutPic(basePath + type +".jpg"
,basePath + "result/" + type + i + ".jpg", -moveArray[i][0], -moveArray[i][1], 10, 58);
}
//拼接图片
String[] b = new String[26];
for(int i = 0; i < 26; i++){
b[i] = String.format(basePath + "result/" + type + "%d.jpg", i);
}
mergeImage(b, 1, basePath + "result/" + type + "result1.jpg");
//拼接图片
String[] c = new String[26];
for(int i = 0; i < 26; i++){
c[i] = String.format(basePath + "result/" + type + "%d.jpg", i + 26);
}
mergeImage(c, 1, basePath + "result/" + type + "result2.jpg");
mergeImage(new String[]{basePath + "result/" + type + "result1.jpg",
basePath + "result/" + type + "result2.jpg"}, 2, basePath + "result/" + type + "result3.jpg");
//删除产生的中间图片
for(int i = 0; i < 52; i++){
new File(basePath + "result/" + type + i + ".jpg").deleteOnExit();
}
new File(basePath + "result/" + type + "result1.jpg").deleteOnExit();
new File(basePath + "result/" + type + "result2.jpg").deleteOnExit();
}
/**
* 获取原始图url
* @param pageSource
* @return
*/
private static String getFullImageUrl(String pageSource){
String url = null;
Document document = Jsoup.parse(pageSource);
String style = document.select("[class=gt_cut_fullbg_slice]").first().attr("style");
Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile("url\\(\"(.*)\"\\)");
Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(style);
if (matcher.find()){
url = matcher.group(1);
}
url = url.replace(".webp", ".jpg");
System.out.println(url);
return url;
}
/**
* 获取带背景的url
* @param pageSource
* @return
*/
private static String getBgImageUrl(String pageSource){
String url = null;
Document document = Jsoup.parse(pageSource);
String style = document.select(".gt_cut_bg_slice").first().attr("style");
Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile("url\\(\"(.*)\"\\)");
Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(style);
if (matcher.find()){
url = matcher.group(1);
}
url = url.replace(".webp", ".jpg");
System.out.println(url);
return url;
}
public static boolean cutPic(String srcFile, String outFile, int x, int y,
int width, int height) {
FileInputStream is = null;
ImageInputStream iis = null;
try {
if (!new File(srcFile).exists()) {
return false;
}
is = new FileInputStream(srcFile);
String ext = srcFile.substring(srcFile.lastIndexOf(".") + 1);
Iterator<ImageReader> it = ImageIO.getImageReadersByFormatName(ext);
ImageReader reader = it.next();
iis = ImageIO.createImageInputStream(is);
reader.setInput(iis, true);
ImageReadParam param = reader.getDefaultReadParam();
Rectangle rect = new Rectangle(x, y, width, height);
param.setSourceRegion(rect);
BufferedImage bi = reader.read(0, param);
File tempOutFile = new File(outFile);
if (!tempOutFile.exists()) {
tempOutFile.mkdirs();
}
ImageIO.write(bi, ext, new File(outFile));
return true;
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return false;
} finally {
try {
if (is != null) {
is.close();
}
if (iis != null) {
iis.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return false;
}
}
}
/**
* 图片拼接 （注意：必须两张图片长宽一致哦）
* @param files 要拼接的文件列表
* @param type 1横向拼接，2 纵向拼接
* @param targetFile 输出文件
*/
private static void mergeImage(String[] files, int type, String targetFile) {
int length = files.length;
File[] src = new File[length];
BufferedImage[] images = new BufferedImage[length];
int[][] ImageArrays = new int[length][];
for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
try {
src[i] = new File(files[i]);
images[i] = ImageIO.read(src[i]);
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
int width = images[i].getWidth();
int height = images[i].getHeight();
ImageArrays[i] = new int[width * height];
ImageArrays[i] = images[i].getRGB(0, 0, width, height, ImageArrays[i], 0, width);
}
int newHeight = 0;
int newWidth = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < images.length; i++) {
// 横向
if (type == 1) {
newHeight = newHeight > images[i].getHeight() ? newHeight : images[i].getHeight();
newWidth += images[i].getWidth();
} else if (type == 2) {// 纵向
newWidth = newWidth > images[i].getWidth() ? newWidth : images[i].getWidth();
newHeight += images[i].getHeight();
}
}
if (type == 1 && newWidth < 1) {
return;
}
if (type == 2 && newHeight < 1) {
return;
}
// 生成新图片
try {
BufferedImage ImageNew = new BufferedImage(newWidth, newHeight, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
int height_i = 0;
int width_i = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < images.length; i++) {
if (type == 1) {
ImageNew.setRGB(width_i, 0, images[i].getWidth(), newHeight, ImageArrays[i], 0,
images[i].getWidth());
width_i += images[i].getWidth();
} else if (type == 2) {
ImageNew.setRGB(0, height_i, newWidth, images[i].getHeight(), ImageArrays[i], 0, newWidth);
height_i += images[i].getHeight();
}
}
//输出想要的图片
ImageIO.write(ImageNew, targetFile.split("\\.")[1], new File(targetFile));
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
}
pom文件依赖如下
<dependency> <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId> <artifactId>selenium-server</artifactId> <version>3.0.1</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.jsoup/jsoup --> <dependency> <groupId>org.jsoup</groupId> <artifactId>jsoup</artifactId> <version>1.7.2</version> </dependency>
最后
完整代码已上传至github,地址:https://github.com/wycm/selenium-geetest-crack
附上一张滑动效果图
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