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android中事件分发机制的实现原理是什么,针对这个问题,这篇文章详细介绍了相对应的分析和解答,希望可以帮助更多想解决这个问题的小伙伴找到更简单易行的方法。
android中的事件处理,以及解决滑动冲突问题都离不开事件分发机制,android中的事件流,即MotionEvent都会经历一个从分发,拦截到处理的一个过程。即dispatchTouchEvent(),onInterceptEvent()到onTouchEvent()的一个过程,在dispatchTouchEvent()负责了事件的分发过程,在dispatchTouchEvent()中会调用onInterceptEvent()与onTouchEvent(),如果onInterceptEvent()返回true,那么会调用到当前view的onTouchEvent()方法,如果不拦截,事件就会下发到子view的dispatchTouchEvent()中进行同样的操作。本文将带领大家从源码角度来分析android是如何进行事件分发的。
android中的事件分发流程最先从activity的dispatchTouchEvent()开始:
public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) { if (ev.getAction() == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN) { onUserInteraction(); } if (getWidow().superDispatchTouchEvent(ev)) { return true; } return onTouchEvent(ev); }
这里调用了getWindow().superDispatchTouchEvent(ev),这里可以看出activity将MotionEvent传寄给了Window。而Window是一个抽象类,superDispatchTouchEvent()也是一个抽象方法,这里用到的是window的子类phoneWindow。
@Override public boolean superDispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) { return mDecor.superDispatchTouchEvent(event); }
从这里可以看出,event事件被传到了DecorView,也就是我们的顶层view.我们继续跟踪:
public boolean superDispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) { return super.dispatchTouchEvent(event); }
这里调用到了父类的dispatchTouchEvent()方法,而DecorView是继承自FrameLayout,FrameLayout继承了ViewGroup,所以这里会调用到ViewGroup的dispatchTouchEvent()方法。
所以整个事件流从activity开始,传递到window,最后再到我们的view(viewGroup也是继承自view)中,而view才是我们整个事件处理的核心阶段。
我们来看一下viewGroup的dispatchTouchEvent()中的实现:
if (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN) { // Throw away all previous state when starting a new touch gesture. // The framework may have dropped the up or cancel event for the previous gesture // due to an app switch, ANR, or some other state change. cancelAndClearTouchTargets(ev); resetTouchState(); }
这是dispatchTouchEvent()开始时截取的一段代码,我们来看一下,首先,当我们手指按下view时,会调用到resetTouchState()方法,在resetTouchState()中:
private void resetTouchState() { clearTouchTargets(); resetCancelNextUpFlag(this); mGroupFlags &= ~FLAG_DISALLOW_INTERCEPT; mNestedScrollAxes = SCROLL_AXIS_NONE; }
我们继续跟踪clearTouchTargets()方法:
private void clearTouchTargets() { TouchTarget target = mFirstTouchTarget; if (target != null) { do { TouchTarget next = target.next; target.recycle(); target = next; } while (target != null); mFirstTouchTarget = null; } }
在clearTouchTargets()方法中,我们最终将mFirstTouchTarget赋值为null,我们继续回到dispatchTouchEvent()中,接着执行了下段代码:
// Check for interception. final boolean intercepted; if (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN || mFirstTouchTarget != null) { final boolean disallowIntercept = (mGroupFlags & FLAG_DISALLOW_INTERCEPT) != 0; if (!disallowIntercept) { intercepted = onInterceptTouchEvent(ev); ev.setAction(action); // restore action in case it was changed } else { intercepted = false; } } else { // There are no touch targets and this action is not an initial down // so this view group continues to intercept touches. intercepted = true; }
当view被按下或mFirstTouchTarget != null 的时候,从前面可以知道,当每次view被按下时,也就是重新开始一次事件流的处理时,mFirstTouchTarget都会被设置成null,一会我们看mFirstTouchTarget是什么时候被赋值的。
从disallowIntercept属性我们大概能猜到是用来判断是否需要坐拦截处理,而我们知道可以通过调用父view的requestDisallowInterceptTouchEvent(true)可以让我们的父view不能对事件进行拦截,我们先来看看requestDisallowInterceptTouchEvent()方法中的实现:
@Override public void requestDisallowInterceptTouchEvent(boolean disallowIntercept) { if (disallowIntercept == ((mGroupFlags & FLAG_DISALLOW_INTERCEPT) != 0)) { // We're already in this state, assume our ancestors are too return; } if (disallowIntercept) { mGroupFlags |= FLAG_DISALLOW_INTERCEPT; } else { mGroupFlags &= ~FLAG_DISALLOW_INTERCEPT; } // Pass it up to our parent if (mParent != null) { mParent.requestDisallowInterceptTouchEvent(disallowIntercept); } }
这里也是通过设置标志位做判断处理,所以这里是通过改变mGroupFlags标志,然后在dispatchTouchEvent()刚发中变更disallowIntercept的值判断是否拦截,当为true时,即需要拦截,这个时候便会跳过onInterceptTouchEvent()拦截判断,并标记为不拦截,即intercepted = false,我们继续看viewGroup的onInterceptTouchEvent()处理:
public boolean onInterceptTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) { if (ev.isFromSource(InputDevice.SOURCE_MOUSE) && ev.getAction() == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN && ev.isButtonPressed(MotionEvent.BUTTON_PRIMARY) && isOnScrollbarThumb(ev.getX(), ev.getY())) { return true; } return false; }
即默认情况下,只有在ACTION_DOWN时,viewGroup才会表现为拦截。
我们继续往下看:
final int childrenCount = mChildrenCount; if (newTouchTarget == null && childrenCount != 0) { final float x = ev.getX(actionIndex); final float y = ev.getY(actionIndex); // Find a child that can receive the event. // Scan children from front to back. final ArrayList<View> preorderedList = buildTouchDispatchChildList(); final boolean customOrder = preorderedList == null && isChildrenDrawingOrderEnabled(); final View[] children = mChildren; for (int i = childrenCount - 1; i >= 0; i--) { final int childIndex = getAndVerifyPreorderedIndex( childrenCount, i, customOrder); final View child = getAndVerifyPreorderedView( preorderedList, children, childIndex); // If there is a view that has accessibility focus we want it // to get the event first and if not handled we will perform a // normal dispatch. We may do a double iteration but this is // safer given the timeframe. if (childWithAccessibilityFocus != null) { if (childWithAccessibilityFocus != child) { continue; } childWithAccessibilityFocus = null; i = childrenCount - 1; } if (!canViewReceivePointerEvents(child) || !isTransformedTouchPointInView(x, y, child, null)) { ev.setTargetAccessibilityFocus(false); continue; } newTouchTarget = getTouchTarget(child); if (newTouchTarget != null) { // Child is already receiving touch within its bounds. // Give it the new pointer in addition to the ones it is handling. newTouchTarget.pointerIdBits |= idBitsToAssign; break; } resetCancelNextUpFlag(child); if (dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(ev, false, child, idBitsToAssign)) { // Child wants to receive touch within its bounds. mLastTouchDownTime = ev.getDownTime(); if (preorderedList != null) { // childIndex points into presorted list, find original index for (int j = 0; j < childrenCount; j++) { if (children[childIndex] == mChildren[j]) { mLastTouchDownIndex = j; break; } } } else { mLastTouchDownIndex = childIndex; } mLastTouchDownX = ev.getX(); mLastTouchDownY = ev.getY(); newTouchTarget = addTouchTarget(child, idBitsToAssign); alreadyDispatchedToNewTouchTarget = true; break; } // The accessibility focus didn't handle the event, so clear // the flag and do a normal dispatch to all children. ev.setTargetAccessibilityFocus(false); } if (preorderedList != null) preorderedList.clear(); }
这段代码首先会通过一个循环去遍历所有的子view,最终会调用到dispatchTransformedTouchEvent()方法,我们继续看dispatchTransformedTouchEvent()的实现:
private boolean dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(MotionEvent event, boolean cancel, View child, int desiredPointerIdBits) { final boolean handled; // Canceling motions is a special case. We don't need to perform any transformations // or filtering. The important part is the action, not the contents. final int oldAction = event.getAction(); if (cancel || oldAction == MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL) { event.setAction(MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL); if (child == null) { handled = super.dispatchTouchEvent(event); } else { handled = child.dispatchTouchEvent(event); } event.setAction(oldAction); return handled; } // Calculate the number of pointers to deliver. final int oldPointerIdBits = event.getPointerIdBits(); final int newPointerIdBits = oldPointerIdBits & desiredPointerIdBits; // If for some reason we ended up in an inconsistent state where it looks like we // might produce a motion event with no pointers in it, then drop the event. if (newPointerIdBits == 0) { return false; } // If the number of pointers is the same and we don't need to perform any fancy // irreversible transformations, then we can reuse the motion event for this // dispatch as long as we are careful to revert any changes we make. // Otherwise we need to make a copy. final MotionEvent transformedEvent; if (newPointerIdBits == oldPointerIdBits) { if (child == null || child.hasIdentityMatrix()) { if (child == null) { handled = super.dispatchTouchEvent(event); } else { final float offsetX = mScrollX - child.mLeft; final float offsetY = mScrollY - child.mTop; event.offsetLocation(offsetX, offsetY); handled = child.dispatchTouchEvent(event); event.offsetLocation(-offsetX, -offsetY); } return handled; } transformedEvent = MotionEvent.obtain(event); } else { transformedEvent = event.split(newPointerIdBits); } // Perform any necessary transformations and dispatch. if (child == null) { handled = super.dispatchTouchEvent(transformedEvent); } else { final float offsetX = mScrollX - child.mLeft; final float offsetY = mScrollY - child.mTop; transformedEvent.offsetLocation(offsetX, offsetY); if (! child.hasIdentityMatrix()) { transformedEvent.transform(child.getInverseMatrix()); } handled = child.dispatchTouchEvent(transformedEvent); } // Done. transformedEvent.recycle(); return handled; }
这段代码就比较明显了,如果child不为null,始终会调用到child.dispatchTouchEvent();否则调用super.dispatchTouchEvent();
如果child不为null时,事件就会向下传递,如果子view处理了事件,即dispatchTransformedTouchEvent()即返回true。继续向下执行到addTouchTarget()方法,我们继续看addTouchTarget()方法的执行结果:
private TouchTarget addTouchTarget(@NonNull View child, int pointerIdBits) { final TouchTarget target = TouchTarget.obtain(child, pointerIdBits); target.next = mFirstTouchTarget; mFirstTouchTarget = target; return target; }
这个时候我们发现mFirstTouchTarget又出现了,这时候会给mFirstTouchTarget重新赋值,即mFirstTouchTarget不为null。也就是说,如果事件被当前view或子view消费了,那么在接下来的ACTION_MOVE或ACTION_UP事件中,mFirstTouchTarget就不为null。但如果我们继承了该viewGroup,并在onInterceptTouchEvent()的ACTION_MOVE中拦截了事件,那么后续事件将不会下发,将由该viewGroup直接处理,从下面代码我们可以得到:
// Dispatch to touch targets, excluding the new touch target if we already // dispatched to it. Cancel touch targets if necessary. TouchTarget predecessor = null; TouchTarget target = mFirstTouchTarget; while (target != null) { final TouchTarget next = target.next; if (alreadyDispatchedToNewTouchTarget && target == newTouchTarget) { handled = true; } else { final boolean cancelChild = resetCancelNextUpFlag(target.child) || intercepted; if (dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(ev, cancelChild, target.child, target.pointerIdBits)) { handled = true; } if (cancelChild) { if (predecessor == null) { mFirstTouchTarget = next; } else { predecessor.next = next; } target.recycle(); target = next; continue; } } predecessor = target; target = next; }
当存在子view并且事件被子view消费时,即在ACTION_DOWN阶段mFirstTouchTarget会被赋值,即在接下来的ACTION_MOVE事件中,由于intercepted为true,所以将ACTION_CANCEL 事件传递过去,从dispatchTransformedTouchEvent()中可以看到:
if (cancel || oldAction == MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL) { event.setAction(MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL); if (child == null) { handled = super.dispatchTouchEvent(event); } else { handled = child.dispatchTouchEvent(event); } event.setAction(oldAction); return handled; }
并将mFirstTouchTarget 最终赋值为 next,而此时mFirstTouchTarget位于TouchTarget链表尾部,所以mFirstTouchTarget会赋值为null,那么接下来的事件将不会进入到onInterceptTouchEvent()中。也就会直接交由该view处理。
如果我们没有进行事件的拦截,而是交由子view去处理,由于ViewGroup的onInterceptTouchEvent()默认并不会拦截除了ACTION_DOWN以外的事件,所以后续事件将继续交由子view去处理,如果存在子view且事件位于子view内部区域的话。
所以无论是否进行拦截,事件流都会交由view的dispatchTouchEvent()中进行处理,我们接下来跟踪一下view中的dispatchTouchEvent()处理过程:
if (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN) { // Defensive cleanup for new gesture stopNestedScroll(); } if (onFilterTouchEventForSecurity(event)) { if ((mViewFlags & ENABLED_MASK) == ENABLED && handleScrollBarDragging(event)) { result = true; } //noinspection SimplifiableIfStatement ListenerInfo li = mListenerInfo; if (li != null && li.mOnTouchListener != null && (mViewFlags & ENABLED_MASK) == ENABLED && li.mOnTouchListener.onTouch(this, event)) { result = true; } if (!result && onTouchEvent(event)) { result = true; } }
当被按下时,即ACTION_DOWN时,view会停止内部的滚动,如果view没有被覆盖或遮挡时,首先会进行mListenerInfo是否为空的判断,我们看下mListenerInfo是在哪里初始化的:
ListenerInfo getListenerInfo() { if (mListenerInfo != null) { return mListenerInfo; } mListenerInfo = new ListenerInfo(); return mListenerInfo; }
这里可以看出,mListenerInfo一般不会是null,知道在我们使用它时调用过这段代码,而当view被加入window中的时候,会调用下面这段代码,从注释中也可以看出来:
/** * Add a listener for attach state changes. * * This listener will be called whenever this view is attached or detached * from a window. Remove the listener using * {@link #removeOnAttachStateChangeListener(OnAttachStateChangeListener)}. * * @param listener Listener to attach * @see #removeOnAttachStateChangeListener(OnAttachStateChangeListener) */ public void addOnAttachStateChangeListener(OnAttachStateChangeListener listener) { ListenerInfo li = getListenerInfo(); if (li.mOnAttachStateChangeListeners == null) { li.mOnAttachStateChangeListeners = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<OnAttachStateChangeListener>(); } li.mOnAttachStateChangeListeners.add(listener); }
到这里我们就知道,mListenerInfo一开始就是被初始化好了的,所以li不可能为null,li.mOnTouchListener != null即当设置了TouchListener时不为null,并且view是enabled状态,一般情况view都是enable的。这个时候会调用到onTouch()事件,当onTouch()返回true时,这个时候result会赋值true。而当result为true时,onTouchEvent()将不会被调用。
从这里可以看出,onTouch()会优先onTouchEvent()调用;
当view设置touch监听并返回true时,那么它的onTouchEvent()将被屏蔽。否则会调用onTouchEvent()处理。
那么让我们继续来看看onTouchEvent()中的事件处理:
if ((viewFlags & ENABLED_MASK) == DISABLED) { if (action == MotionEvent.ACTION_UP && (mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_PRESSED) != 0) { setPressed(false); } // A disabled view that is clickable still consumes the touch // events, it just doesn't respond to them. return (((viewFlags & CLICKABLE) == CLICKABLE || (viewFlags & LONG_CLICKABLE) == LONG_CLICKABLE) || (viewFlags & CONTEXT_CLICKABLE) == CONTEXT_CLICKABLE); }
首先,当view状态是DISABLED时,只要view是CLICKABLE或LONG_CLICKABLE或CONTEXT_CLICKABLE,都会返回true,而button默认是CLICKABLE的,textview默认不是CLICKABLE的,而view一般默认都不是LONG_CLICKABLE的。
我们继续向下看:
if (mTouchDelegate != null) { if (mTouchDelegate.onTouchEvent(event)) { return true; } }
如果有代理事件,仍然会返回true.
if (((viewFlags & CLICKABLE) == CLICKABLE || (viewFlags & LONG_CLICKABLE) == LONG_CLICKABLE) || (viewFlags & CONTEXT_CLICKABLE) == CONTEXT_CLICKABLE) { switch (action) { case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP: boolean prepressed = (mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_PREPRESSED) != 0; if ((mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_PRESSED) != 0 || prepressed) { // take focus if we don't have it already and we should in // touch mode. boolean focusTaken = false; if (isFocusable() && isFocusableInTouchMode() && !isFocused()) { focusTaken = requestFocus(); } if (prepressed) { // The button is being released before we actually // showed it as pressed. Make it show the pressed // state now (before scheduling the click) to ensure // the user sees it. setPressed(true, x, y); } if (!mHasPerformedLongPress && !mIgnoreNextUpEvent) { // This is a tap, so remove the longpress check removeLongPressCallback(); // Only perform take click actions if we were in the pressed state if (!focusTaken) { // Use a Runnable and post this rather than calling // performClick directly. This lets other visual state // of the view update before click actions start. if (mPerformClick == null) { mPerformClick = new PerformClick(); } if (!post(mPerformClick)) { performClick(); } } } if (mUnsetPressedState == null) { mUnsetPressedState = new UnsetPressedState(); } if (prepressed) { postDelayed(mUnsetPressedState, ViewConfiguration.getPressedStateDuration()); } else if (!post(mUnsetPressedState)) { // If the post failed, unpress right now mUnsetPressedState.run(); } removeTapCallback(); } mIgnoreNextUpEvent = false; break; case MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN: mHasPerformedLongPress = false; if (performButtonActionOnTouchDown(event)) { break; } // Walk up the hierarchy to determine if we're inside a scrolling container. boolean isInScrollingContainer = isInScrollingContainer(); // For views inside a scrolling container, delay the pressed feedback for // a short period in case this is a scroll. if (isInScrollingContainer) { mPrivateFlags |= PFLAG_PREPRESSED; if (mPendingCheckForTap == null) { mPendingCheckForTap = new CheckForTap(); } mPendingCheckForTap.x = event.getX(); mPendingCheckForTap.y = event.getY(); postDelayed(mPendingCheckForTap, ViewConfiguration.getTapTimeout()); } else { // Not inside a scrolling container, so show the feedback right away setPressed(true, x, y); checkForLongClick(0, x, y); } break; case MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL: setPressed(false); removeTapCallback(); removeLongPressCallback(); mInContextButtonPress = false; mHasPerformedLongPress = false; mIgnoreNextUpEvent = false; break; case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE: drawableHotspotChanged(x, y); // Be lenient about moving outside of buttons if (!pointInView(x, y, mTouchSlop)) { // Outside button removeTapCallback(); if ((mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_PRESSED) != 0) { // Remove any future long press/tap checks removeLongPressCallback(); setPressed(false); } } break; } return true; }
当view是CLICKABLE或LONG_CLICKABLE或CONTEXT_CLICKABLE状态时,当手指抬起时,如果设置了click监听,最终会调用到performClick(),触发click()事件。这点从performClick()方法中可以看出:
public boolean performClick() { final boolean result; final ListenerInfo li = mListenerInfo; if (li != null && li.mOnClickListener != null) { playSoundEffect(SoundEffectConstants.CLICK); li.mOnClickListener.onClick(this); result = true; } else { result = false; } sendAccessibilityEvent(AccessibilityEvent.TYPE_VIEW_CLICKED); return result; }
从这里我们也可以得出,click事件会在onTouchEvent()中被调用,如果view设置了onTouch()监听并返回true,那么click事件也会被屏蔽掉,不过我们可以在onTouch()中通过调用view的performClick()继续执行click()事件,这个就看我们的业务中的需求了。
从这里我们可以看出,如果事件没有被当前view或子view处理,即返回false,那么事件就会交由外层view继续处理,直到被消费。
如果事件一直没有被处理,会最终传递到Activity的onTouchEvent()中。
到这里我们总结一下:
事件是从Activity->Window->View(ViewGroup)的一个传递流程;
如果事件没有被中途拦截,那么它会一直传到最内层的view控件;
如果事件被某一层拦截,那么事件将不会向下传递,交由该view处理。如果该view消费了事件,那么接下来的事件也会交由该view处理;如果该view没有消费该事件,那么事件会交由外层view处理,...并最终调用到activity的onTouchEvent()中,除非某一层消费了该事件;
一个事件只能交由一个view处理;
DispatchTouchEvent()总是会被调用,而且最先被调用,onInterceptTouchEvent()和onTouchEvent()在DispatchTouchEvent()内部调用;
子view不能干扰ViewGroup对ACTION_DOWN事件的处理;
子view可以通过requestDisallowInterceptTouchEvent(true)控制父view不对事件进行拦截,跳过onInterceptTouchEvent()方法的执行。
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