在Android开发中利用MediaRecorder实现一个录音功能

public class MediaRecorderActivity extends BaseActivity {
 private Button start_tv;
 private ListView listView;
 //线程操作
 private ExecutorService mExecutorService;
 //录音API
 private MediaRecorder mMediaRecorder;
 //录音开始时间与结束时间
 private long startTime, endTime;
 //录音所保存的文件
 private File mAudioFile;
 //文件列表数据
 private List<FileBean> dataList;
 //录音文件数据列表适配器
 private AudioAdapter mAudioAdapter;
 //录音文件保存位置
 private String mFilePath = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath() + "/audio/";
 //当前是否正在播放
 private volatile boolean isPlaying;
 //播放音频文件API
 private MediaPlayer mediaPlayer;
 //使用Handler更新UI线程
 private Handler mHandler = new Handler() {
  @Override
  public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
   super.handleMessage(msg);
   switch (msg.what) {
    case Constant.RECORD_SUCCESS:
     //录音成功，展示数据
     if (null == mAudioAdapter) {
      mAudioAdapter = new AudioAdapter(MediaRecorderActivity.this, dataList, R.layout.file_item_layout);
     }
     listView.setAdapter(mAudioAdapter);
     break;
    //录音失败
    case Constant.RECORD_FAIL:
     showToastMsg(getString(R.string.record_fail));
     break;
    //录音时间太短
    case Constant.RECORD_TOO_SHORT:
     showToastMsg(getString(R.string.time_too_short));
     break;
    case Constant.PLAY_COMPLETION:
     showToastMsg(getString(R.string.play_over));
     break;
    case Constant.PLAY_ERROR:
     showToastMsg(getString(R.string.play_error));
     break;

   }
  }
 };

 @Override
 protected void setWindowView() {
  setContentView(R.layout.activity_record);
  //录音及播放要使用单线程操作
  mExecutorService = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
  dataList = new ArrayList<>();
 }

 @Override
 protected void initViews() {
  this.start_tv = (Button) findViewById(R.id.start_tv);
  this.listView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.listview);
 }

 @Override
 protected void initEvents() {
  //类似微信等应用按住说话进行录音，所以用OnTouch事件
  this.start_tv.setOnTouchListener(new View.OnTouchListener() {
   @Override
   public boolean onTouch(View view, MotionEvent motionEvent) {
    switch (motionEvent.getAction()) {
     //按下操作
     case MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN:
      //安卓6.0以上录音相应权限处理
      if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT > 22) {
       permissionForM();
      } else {
       startRecord();
      }
      break;
     //松开操作
     case MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL:
     case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP:
      stopRecord();
      break;
    }
    //对OnTouch事件做了处理，返回true
    return true;
   }
  });
  //点击播放对应的录音文件
  this.listView.setOnItemClickListener(new AdapterView.OnItemClickListener() {
   @Override
   public void onItemClick(AdapterView<&#63;> adapterView, View view, int i, long l) {
    //使用MediaPlayer播放声音文件
    startPlay(dataList.get(i).getFile());
   }
  });
 }


 /**
  * @description 开始进行录音
  * @author ldm
  * @time 2017/2/9 9:18
  */
 private void startRecord() {
  start_tv.setText(R.string.stop_by_up);
  start_tv.setBackgroundResource(R.drawable.bg_gray_round);
  //异步任务执行录音操作
  mExecutorService.submit(new Runnable() {
   @Override
   public void run() {
    //播放前释放资源
    releaseRecorder();
    //执行录音操作
    recordOperation();
   }
  });
 }

 /**
  * @description 录音失败处理
  * @author ldm
  * @time 2017/2/9 9:35
  */
 private void recordFail() {
  mAudioFile = null;
  mHandler.sendEmptyMessage(Constant.RECORD_FAIL);
 }

 /**
  * @description 录音操作
  * @author ldm
  * @time 2017/2/9 9:34
  */
 private void recordOperation() {
  //创建MediaRecorder对象
  mMediaRecorder = new MediaRecorder();
  //创建录音文件,.m4a为MPEG-4音频标准的文件的扩展名
  mAudioFile = new File(mFilePath + System.currentTimeMillis() + ".m4a");
  //创建父文件夹
  mAudioFile.getParentFile().mkdirs();
  try {
   //创建文件
   mAudioFile.createNewFile();
   //配置mMediaRecorder相应参数
   //从麦克风采集声音数据
   mMediaRecorder.setAudioSource(MediaRecorder.AudioSource.MIC);
   //设置保存文件格式为MP4
   mMediaRecorder.setOutputFormat(MediaRecorder.OutputFormat.MPEG_4);
   //设置采样频率,44100是所有安卓设备都支持的频率,频率越高，音质越好，当然文件越大
   mMediaRecorder.setAudioSamplingRate(44100);
   //设置声音数据编码格式,音频通用格式是AAC
   mMediaRecorder.setAudioEncoder(MediaRecorder.AudioEncoder.AAC);
   //设置编码频率
   mMediaRecorder.setAudioEncodingBitRate(96000);
   //设置录音保存的文件
   mMediaRecorder.setOutputFile(mAudioFile.getAbsolutePath());
   //开始录音
   mMediaRecorder.prepare();
   mMediaRecorder.start();
   //记录开始录音时间
   startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
  } catch (Exception e) {
   e.printStackTrace();
   recordFail();
  }
 }


 /**
  * @description 结束录音操作
  * @author ldm
  * @time 2017/2/9 9:18
  */
 private void stopRecord() {
  start_tv.setText(R.string.speak_by_press);
  start_tv.setBackgroundResource(R.drawable.bg_white_round);
  //停止录音
  mMediaRecorder.stop();
  //记录停止时间
  endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
  //录音时间处理，比如只有大于2秒的录音才算成功
  int time = (int) ((endTime - startTime) / 1000);
  if (time >= 3) {
   //录音成功,添加数据
   FileBean bean = new FileBean();
   bean.setFile(mAudioFile);
   bean.setFileLength(time);
   dataList.add(bean);
   //录音成功,发Message
   mHandler.sendEmptyMessage(Constant.RECORD_SUCCESS);
  } else {
   mAudioFile = null;
   mHandler.sendEmptyMessage(Constant.RECORD_TOO_SHORT);
  }
  //录音完成释放资源
  releaseRecorder();
 }

 /**
  * @description 翻放录音相关资源
  * @author ldm
  * @time 2017/2/9 9:33
  */
 private void releaseRecorder() {
  if (null != mMediaRecorder) {
   mMediaRecorder.release();
   mMediaRecorder = null;
  }
 }

 @Override
 public void onClick(View view) {

 }

 @Override
 protected void onDestroy() {
  super.onDestroy();
  //页面销毁，线程要关闭
  mExecutorService.shutdownNow();
 }
 /*******6.0以上版本手机权限处理***************************/
 /**
  * @description 兼容手机6.0权限管理
  * @author ldm
  * @time 2016/5/24 14:59
  */
 private void permissionForM() {
  if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this,
    Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED || ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this,
    Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {

   ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this,
     new String[]{Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE},
     Constant.PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_FOR_AUDIO);
  } else {
   startRecord();
  }

 }

 @Override
 public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode,
           @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {

  if (requestCode == Constant.PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_FOR_AUDIO) {
   if (grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
    startRecord();
   }
   return;
  }
  super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
 }

 /**
  * @description 播放音频
  * @author ldm
  * @time 2017/2/9 16:54
  */
 private void playAudio(final File mFile) {
  if (null != mFile && !isPlaying) {
   isPlaying = true;
   mExecutorService.submit(new Runnable() {
    @Override
    public void run() {
     startPlay(mFile);
    }
   });
  }
 }

 /**
  * @description 开始播放音频文件
  * @author ldm
  * @time 2017/2/9 16:56
  */
 private void startPlay(File mFile) {
  try {
   //初始化播放器
   mediaPlayer = new MediaPlayer();
   //设置播放音频数据文件
   mediaPlayer.setDataSource(mFile.getAbsolutePath());
   //设置播放监听事件
   mediaPlayer.setOnCompletionListener(new MediaPlayer.OnCompletionListener() {
    @Override
    public void onCompletion(MediaPlayer mediaPlayer) {
     //播放完成
     playEndOrFail(true);
    }
   });
   //播放发生错误监听事件
   mediaPlayer.setOnErrorListener(new MediaPlayer.OnErrorListener() {
    @Override
    public boolean onError(MediaPlayer mediaPlayer, int i, int i1) {
     playEndOrFail(false);
     return true;
    }
   });
   //播放器音量配置
   mediaPlayer.setVolume(1, 1);
   //是否循环播放
   mediaPlayer.setLooping(false);
   //准备及播放
   mediaPlayer.prepare();
   mediaPlayer.start();
  } catch (IOException e) {
   e.printStackTrace();
   //播放失败正理
   playEndOrFail(false);
  }

 }

 /**
  * @description 停止播放或播放失败处理
  * @author ldm
  * @time 2017/2/9 16:58
  */
 private void playEndOrFail(boolean isEnd) {
  isPlaying = false;
  if (isEnd) {
   mHandler.sendEmptyMessage(Constant.PLAY_COMPLETION);
  } else {
   mHandler.sendEmptyMessage(Constant.PLAY_ERROR);
  }
  if (null != mediaPlayer) {
   mediaPlayer.setOnCompletionListener(null);
   mediaPlayer.setOnErrorListener(null);
   mediaPlayer.stop();
   mediaPlayer.reset();
   mediaPlayer.release();
   mediaPlayer = null;
  }
 }
}

<LinearLayout
  xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
  android:layout_width="match_parent"
  android:layout_height="match_parent"
  android:orientation="vertical"
  android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
  android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
  android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
  android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin">

 <Button
   android:id="@+id/start_tv"
   android:layout_width="match_parent"
   android:layout_height="wrap_content"
   android:text="开始录音"
   android:textSize="16sp"
   />

 <ListView
   android:id="@+id/listview"
   android:layout_width="match_parent"
   android:layout_height="wrap_content"
   android:divider="#d1d1d1"
   android:dividerHeight="1dp"
   android:scrollbars="none"
   android:layout_marginTop="10dp"
   android:layout_marginBottom="10dp"></ListView>

</LinearLayout>

<resources>
 <string name="app_name">mediarecorder</string>
 <string name="record_fail">录音失败</string>
 <string name="time_too_short">时间太短，请重新录音</string>
 <string name="play_over">播放完成</string>
 <string name="play_error">抱歉，播放发生异常</string>
 <string name="stop_by_up">松开停止录音</string>
 <string name="speak_by_press">按住说话</string>
 <string name="start_record">开始录音</string>
 <string name="stop_record">停止录音</string>
</resources>

<!--SD卡权限-->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
<!--录音权限-->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO"/>