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前言
我们在开发中常遇到一种场景,Bean里面有一些参数是比较固定的,这种时候通常会采用配置的方式,将这些参数配置在.properties文件中,然后在Bean实例化的时候通过Spring将这些.properties文件中配置的参数使用占位符"${}"替换的方式读入并设置到Bean的相应参数中。
这种做法最典型的就是JDBC的配置,本文就来研究一下.properties文件读取及占位符"${}"替换的源码,首先从代码入手,定义一个DataSource,模拟一下JDBC四个参数:
public class DataSource { /** * 驱动类 */ private String driveClass; /** * jdbc地址 */ private String url; /** * 用户名 */ private String userName; /** * 密码 */ private String password; public String getDriveClass() { return driveClass; } public void setDriveClass(String driveClass) { this.driveClass = driveClass; } public String getUrl() { return url; } public void setUrl(String url) { this.url = url; } public String getUserName() { return userName; } public void setUserName(String userName) { this.userName = userName; } public String getPassword() { return password; } public void setPassword(String password) { this.password = password; } @Override public String toString() { return "DataSource [driveClass=" + driveClass + ", url=" + url + ", userName=" + userName + ", password=" + password + "]"; } }
定义一个db.properties文件:
driveClass=0 url=1 userName=2 password=3
定义一个properties.xml文件:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd"> <bean class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer"> <property name="location" value="properties/db.properties"></property> </bean> <bean id="dataSource" class="org.xrq.spring.action.properties.DataSource"> <property name="driveClass" value="${driveClass}" /> <property name="url" value="${url}" /> <property name="userName" value="${userName}" /> <property name="password" value="${password}" /> </bean> </beans>
写一段测试代码:
public class TestProperties { @Test public void testProperties() { ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring/properties.xml"); DataSource dataSource = (DataSource)ac.getBean("dataSource"); System.out.println(dataSource); } }
运行结果就不贴了,很明显,下面就来分析一下Spring是如何将properties文件中的属性读入并替换"${}"占位符的。
PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer类解析
在properties.xml文件中我们看到了一个类PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer,顾名思义它就是一个属性占位符配置器,看一下这个类的继承关系图:
看到从这张图上,我们能分析出来的最重要的一点就是PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer是BeanFactoryPostProcessor接口的实现类,想见Spring上下文必然是在Bean定义全部加载完毕后且Bean实例化之前通过postProcessBeanFactory方法一次性地替换了占位符"${}"。
.properties文件读取源码解析
下面来看一下postProcessBeanFactory方法实现:
public void postProcessBeanFactory(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException { try { Properties mergedProps = mergeProperties(); // Convert the merged properties, if necessary. convertProperties(mergedProps); // Let the subclass process the properties. processProperties(beanFactory, mergedProps); } catch (IOException ex) { throw new BeanInitializationException("Could not load properties", ex); } }
跟一下第3行的mergeProperties方法:
protected Properties mergeProperties() throws IOException { Properties result = new Properties(); if (this.localOverride) { // Load properties from file upfront, to let local properties override. loadProperties(result); } if (this.localProperties != null) { for (Properties localProp : this.localProperties) { CollectionUtils.mergePropertiesIntoMap(localProp, result); } } if (!this.localOverride) { // Load properties from file afterwards, to let those properties override. loadProperties(result); } return result; }
第2行的方法new出一个Properties,名为result,这个result会随着之后的代码传入,.properties文件中的数据会写入result中。
OK,接着看,代码进入第17行的方法,通过文件加载.properties文件:
protected void loadProperties(Properties props) throws IOException { if (this.locations != null) { for (Resource location : this.locations) { if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) { logger.info("Loading properties file from " + location); } InputStream is = null; try { is = location.getInputStream(); String filename = null; try { filename = location.getFilename(); } catch (IllegalStateException ex) { // resource is not file-based. See SPR-7552. } if (filename != null && filename.endsWith(XML_FILE_EXTENSION)) { this.propertiesPersister.loadFromXml(props, is); } else { if (this.fileEncoding != null) { this.propertiesPersister.load(props, new InputStreamReader(is, this.fileEncoding)); } else { this.propertiesPersister.load(props, is); } } } catch (IOException ex) { if (this.ignoreResourceNotFound) { if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) { logger.warn("Could not load properties from " + location + ": " + ex.getMessage()); } } else { throw ex; } } finally { if (is != null) { is.close(); } } } } }
第9行,PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer的配置可以传入路径列表(当然这里只传了一个db.properties),第3行遍历列表,第9行通过一个输入字节流InputStream获取.properties对应的二进制数据,然后第23行的代码将InputStream中的二进制解析,写入第一个参数Properties中,Properties是JDK原生的读取.properties文件的工具。
就这样一个简单的流程,将.properties中的数据进行了解析,并写入result中(result是mergeProperties方法中new出的一个Properties)。
占位符"${...}"替换源码解析
上面看了.properties文件读取流程,接着就应当替换"${}"占位符了,还是回到postProcessBeanFactory方法:
public void postProcessBeanFactory(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException { try { Properties mergedProps = mergeProperties(); // Convert the merged properties, if necessary. convertProperties(mergedProps); // Let the subclass process the properties. processProperties(beanFactory, mergedProps); } catch (IOException ex) { throw new BeanInitializationException("Could not load properties", ex); } }
第3行合并了.properties文件(之所以叫做合并是因为多个.properties文件中可能有相同的Key)。
第6行在必要的情况下对合并的Properties进行转换,没看出有什么用。
第9行就开始替换占位符"${...}"了,要事先声明一点:BeanFactoryPostProcessor类的postProcessBeanFactory方法调用是在Bean定义解析之后,因此当前的beanFactory参数中已经有了所有的Bean定义,如果熟悉Bean解析流程的朋友对这一点应该很清楚。跟一下第9行的processProperties方法:
protected void processProperties(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactoryToProcess, Properties props) throws BeansException { StringValueResolver valueResolver = new PlaceholderResolvingStringValueResolver(props); BeanDefinitionVisitor visitor = new BeanDefinitionVisitor(valueResolver); String[] beanNames = beanFactoryToProcess.getBeanDefinitionNames(); for (String curName : beanNames) { // Check that we're not parsing our own bean definition, // to avoid failing on unresolvable placeholders in properties file locations. if (!(curName.equals(this.beanName) && beanFactoryToProcess.equals(this.beanFactory))) { BeanDefinition bd = beanFactoryToProcess.getBeanDefinition(curName); try { visitor.visitBeanDefinition(bd); } catch (Exception ex) { throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(bd.getResourceDescription(), curName, ex.getMessage()); } } } // New in Spring 2.5: resolve placeholders in alias target names and aliases as well. beanFactoryToProcess.resolveAliases(valueResolver); // New in Spring 3.0: resolve placeholders in embedded values such as annotation attributes. beanFactoryToProcess.addEmbeddedValueResolver(valueResolver); }
第4行new出一个PlaceholderResolvingStringValueResolver,传入Properties,顾名思义这是一个持有.properties文件配置的字符串值解析器。
第5行BeanDefinitionVistor,传入上面的StringValueResolver,顾名思义这是一个Bean定义访问工具,持有字符串值解析器,想见可以通过BeanDefinitionVistor访问Bean定义,在遇到需要解析的字符串的时候使用构造函数传入的StringValueResolver解析字符串。
第7行通过BeanFactory获取所有Bean定义的名称。
第8行开始遍历所有Bean定义的名称,注意第11行的第一个判断"!(curName.equals(this.beanName)" ,this.beanName指的是PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer,意为PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer本身不会去解析占位符"${...}"。
着重跟14行的代码,BeanDefinitionVistor的visitBeanDefinition方法,传入BeanDefinition:
public void visitBeanDefinition(BeanDefinition beanDefinition) { visitParentName(beanDefinition); visitBeanClassName(beanDefinition); visitFactoryBeanName(beanDefinition); visitFactoryMethodName(beanDefinition); visitScope(beanDefinition); visitPropertyValues(beanDefinition.getPropertyValues()); ConstructorArgumentValues cas = beanDefinition.getConstructorArgumentValues(); visitIndexedArgumentValues(cas.getIndexedArgumentValues()); visitGenericArgumentValues(cas.getGenericArgumentValues()); }
看到这个方法轮番访问<bean>定义中的parent、class、factory-bean、factory-method、scope、property、constructor-arg属性,但凡遇到需要"${...}"就进行解析。我们这里解析的是property标签中的"${...}",因此跟一下第7行的代码:
protected void visitPropertyValues(MutablePropertyValues pvs) { PropertyValue[] pvArray = pvs.getPropertyValues(); for (PropertyValue pv : pvArray) { Object newVal = resolveValue(pv.getValue()); if (!ObjectUtils.nullSafeEquals(newVal, pv.getValue())) { pvs.add(pv.getName(), newVal); } } }
获取属性数组进行遍历,第4行的代码对属性值进行解析获取新属性值,第5行判断新属性值与原属性值不等,第6行的代码用新属性值替换原属性值。因此跟一下第4行的resolveValue方法:
protected Object resolveValue(Object value) { if (value instanceof BeanDefinition) { visitBeanDefinition((BeanDefinition) value); } else if (value instanceof BeanDefinitionHolder) { visitBeanDefinition(((BeanDefinitionHolder) value).getBeanDefinition()); } else if (value instanceof RuntimeBeanReference) { RuntimeBeanReference ref = (RuntimeBeanReference) value; String newBeanName = resolveStringValue(ref.getBeanName()); if (!newBeanName.equals(ref.getBeanName())) { return new RuntimeBeanReference(newBeanName); } } else if (value instanceof RuntimeBeanNameReference) { RuntimeBeanNameReference ref = (RuntimeBeanNameReference) value; String newBeanName = resolveStringValue(ref.getBeanName()); if (!newBeanName.equals(ref.getBeanName())) { return new RuntimeBeanNameReference(newBeanName); } } else if (value instanceof Object[]) { visitArray((Object[]) value); } else if (value instanceof List) { visitList((List) value); } else if (value instanceof Set) { visitSet((Set) value); } else if (value instanceof Map) { visitMap((Map) value); } else if (value instanceof TypedStringValue) { TypedStringValue typedStringValue = (TypedStringValue) value; String stringValue = typedStringValue.getValue(); if (stringValue != null) { String visitedString = resolveStringValue(stringValue); typedStringValue.setValue(visitedString); } } else if (value instanceof String) { return resolveStringValue((String) value); } return value; }
这里主要对value类型做一个判断,我们配置文件里面配置的是字符串,因此就看字符串相关代码,即34行的判断进去,其余的差不多,可以自己看一下源码是怎么做的。第35~第36行的代码就是获取属性值,第38行的代码resolveStringValue方法解析字符串:
protected String resolveStringValue(String strVal) { if (this.valueResolver == null) { throw new IllegalStateException("No StringValueResolver specified - pass a resolver " + "object into the constructor or override the 'resolveStringValue' method"); } String resolvedValue = this.valueResolver.resolveStringValue(strVal); // Return original String if not modified. return (strVal.equals(resolvedValue) ? strVal : resolvedValue); }
继续跟第6行的方法,valueResolver前面说过了,是传入的一个PlaceholderResolvingStringValueResolver,看一下resolveStringValue方法实现:
public String resolveStringValue(String strVal) throws BeansException { String value = this.helper.replacePlaceholders(strVal, this.resolver); return (value.equals(nullValue) ? null : value); }
第2行的replacePlaceholders方法顾名思义,替换占位符,它位于PropertyPlaceholderHelper类中,跟一下这个方法:
public String replacePlaceholders(String value, PlaceholderResolver placeholderResolver) { Assert.notNull(value, "Argument 'value' must not be null."); return parseStringValue(value, placeholderResolver, new HashSet<String>()); }
继续跟第3行的parseStringValue方法,即追踪到了替换占位符的核心代码中:
protected String parseStringValue( String strVal, PlaceholderResolver placeholderResolver, Set<String> visitedPlaceholders) { StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(strVal); int startIndex = strVal.indexOf(this.placeholderPrefix); while (startIndex != -1) { int endIndex = findPlaceholderEndIndex(buf, startIndex); if (endIndex != -1) { String placeholder = buf.substring(startIndex + this.placeholderPrefix.length(), endIndex); if (!visitedPlaceholders.add(placeholder)) { throw new IllegalArgumentException( "Circular placeholder reference '" + placeholder + "' in property definitions"); } // Recursive invocation, parsing placeholders contained in the placeholder key. placeholder = parseStringValue(placeholder, placeholderResolver, visitedPlaceholders); // Now obtain the value for the fully resolved key... String propVal = placeholderResolver.resolvePlaceholder(placeholder); if (propVal == null && this.valueSeparator != null) { int separatorIndex = placeholder.indexOf(this.valueSeparator); if (separatorIndex != -1) { String actualPlaceholder = placeholder.substring(0, separatorIndex); String defaultValue = placeholder.substring(separatorIndex + this.valueSeparator.length()); propVal = placeholderResolver.resolvePlaceholder(actualPlaceholder); if (propVal == null) { propVal = defaultValue; } } } if (propVal != null) { // Recursive invocation, parsing placeholders contained in the // previously resolved placeholder value. propVal = parseStringValue(propVal, placeholderResolver, visitedPlaceholders); buf.replace(startIndex, endIndex + this.placeholderSuffix.length(), propVal); if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) { logger.trace("Resolved placeholder '" + placeholder + "'"); } startIndex = buf.indexOf(this.placeholderPrefix, startIndex + propVal.length()); } else if (this.ignoreUnresolvablePlaceholders) { // Proceed with unprocessed value. startIndex = buf.indexOf(this.placeholderPrefix, endIndex + this.placeholderSuffix.length()); } else { throw new IllegalArgumentException("Could not resolve placeholder '" + placeholder + "'"); } visitedPlaceholders.remove(placeholder); } else { startIndex = -1; } } return buf.toString(); }
过一下此流程:
流程很长,通过这样一整个的流程,将占位符"${...}"中的内容替换为了我们需要的值。
以上就是本文的全部内容,希望本文的内容对大家的学习或者工作能带来一定的帮助,同时也希望多多支持亿速云!
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