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使用SpringMVC如何实现一个文件上传功能?很多新手对此不是很清楚,为了帮助大家解决这个难题,下面小编将为大家详细讲解,有这方面需求的人可以来学习下,希望你能有所收获。
说明:
文件上传的途径
文件上传主要有两种方式:
1.使用Apache Commons FileUpload元件。
2.利用Servlet3.0及其更高版本的内置支持。
客户端编程
1.为了上传文件,必须将HTML表格的enctype属性值设为multipart/form-data,像下面这样:
<form action="action" enctype="multipart/form-data" method="post"> Select a file<input type="file" name="fieldName"/> <input type="submit" value="Upload"/> </form>
2.在HTML5之前,如果要想上传多个文件,必须使用多个文件input元素。但是,在HTML5中,通过在input元素中引入多个multiple属性,使得多个文件的上传变得更加简单,下面均可使一个上传框支持多个文件上传。
<input type="file" name="fieldName" multiple/> <input type="file" name="fieldName" multiple="multiple"/> <input type="file" name="fieldName" multiple=""/>
MultipartFile接口
在SpringMVC中处理已经上传的文件十分简单,上传到SpringMVC应用程序中的文件会被包在一个MultipartFile对象中,你唯一要做的事情就是用类型为MultipartFile的属性编写一个Domain类。就像下面这样:
package domain;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.List;
public class Product implements Serializable {
  //实现了这个接口,可以安全的将数据保存到HttpSession中
  private long id;
  private String name;
  private String description;
  private String price;
  //在Domain类中加入MultipartFile类型的属性,用来保存上传的文件
  private List<MultipartFile> images;
  public List<MultipartFile> getImages() {
    return images;
  }
  public void setImages(List<MultipartFile> images) {
    this.images = images;
  }
  ......多个get和set方法。MultipartFile接口提供了以下方法:
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description | 
|---|---|
| byte[] | getBytes()Return the contents of the file as an array of bytes. | 
| String | getContentType()Return the content type of the file. | 
| InputStream | getInputStream()Return an InputStream to read the contents of the file from. | 
| String | getName()Return the name of the parameter in the multipart form. | 
| String | getOriginalFilename()Return the original filename in the client's filesystem. | 
| long | getSize()Return the size of the file in bytes. | 
| boolean | isEmpty()Return whether the uploaded file is empty, that is, either no file hasbeen chosen in the multipart form or the chosen file has no content. | 
| void | transferTo(File dest)Transfer the received file to the given destination file. | 
实例:用CommonsFileUpLoad上传文件
导入Jar包及配置环境变量

编写视图
代码:
<%@ taglib prefix="form" uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags/form" %>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
  <title>Add Product Form</title>
</head>
<body>
<form:form action="product_save" method="post" commandName="product" enctype="multipart/form-data">
  <fieldset>
    <legend>Add a Product</legend>
    <p>
      <label for="name">ProductName</label>
      <form:input type="text" id="name" name="name" tabindex="1" path="name"/>
    </p>
    <p>
      <label for="description">ProductDescription</label>
      <form:input type="text" id="description" name="description" tabindex="2" path="description"/>
    </p>
    <p>
      <label for="price">ProductPrice</label>
      <form:input type="text" id="price" name="price" tabindex="3" path="price"/>
    </p>
    <p>
      <label for="image">ProductImage</label>
      <input type="file" name="images[0]">
    </p>
    <p>
      <input type="reset">
      <input type="submit">
    </p>
  </fieldset>
</form:form>
</body>
</html>说明:
  首先为了上传文件,必须将HTML表格的enctype属性值设为multipart/form-data
  其次,在HTML5之前,如果要想上传多个文件,必须要用到多个文件input元素。
  但是在HTML5,通过在Input元素中引入过个multiple属性,使得多个文件上传变得更加简单。
<input type="file" name="fieldName" multiple/> <input type="file" name="fieldName" multiple="multiple"/> <input type="file" name="fieldName" multiple=""/>
图示:
 
编写控制器
package controller;
import domain.Product;
import Service.ProductService;
import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.validation.BindingResult;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ModelAttribute;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;
@Controller
public class ProductController {
  private static final Log logger=LogFactory.getLog(ProductController.class);
  @Autowired
  private ProductService productService;
  @RequestMapping(value = "/product_input")
  public String inputProduct(Model model)
  {
    logger.info("inputProduct called");
    model.addAttribute("product",new Product());
    return "ProductForm";
  }
  @RequestMapping(value = "/product_save",method = RequestMethod.POST)
  public String saveProduct(HttpServletRequest servletRequest, @ModelAttribute Product product, 
BindingResult bindingResult,Model model)
  {
    List<MultipartFile> files= product.getImages();
    System.out.println("文件数量是"+files.size());
    if(null!=files&&files.size()>0)
    {
      for (MultipartFile file:files)
      {
        String fileName=file.getOriginalFilename(); //获得文件名称
        File imagFile = new File(servletRequest.getServletContext().getRealPath("/image"),fileName);try {
          file.transferTo(imagFile);//用于将文件写到服务器本地
        } catch (IOException e) {
          e.printStackTrace();
        }
      }
    }
    model.addAttribute("product",product);
    return "ProductDetails";
  }
  @RequestMapping(value = "/product_view/{id}")
  public String viewProduct(@PathVariable Long id,Model model)
  {
    Product product =productService.get(id);
    model.addAttribute("product",product);
    return "ProductDetails";
  }
}配置文件
你可以看到我们在SpringMVC的配置文件中配置了一个名为multipartResolver的Bean。
  基于servlet的multipartresolver实现Apache Commons FileUpload 1.2或以上。
  提供“maxuploadsize”、“maxinmemorysize”和“defaultencoding”设置bean的属性(继承commonsfileuploadsupport)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd">
  <context:component-scan base-package="controller"/>
  <context:component-scan base-package="Service"/>
  <!--
   <mvc:annotation-driven>元素注册用于支持基于注解的控制器的请求处理方法的Bean对象。
    详解:https://my.oschina.net/HeliosFly/blog/205343
  -->
  <mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven>
  <bean id="viewResolver"
     class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
    <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/view/"/>
    <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
  </bean>
  <!--resources 元素指示SpringMVC那些静态资源需要单独处理-->
  <mvc:resources mapping="/image/**" location="/image/"/>
  <bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
    <property name="maxUploadSize" value="2000000"/>
  </bean>
</beans>说明:
resources 元素指示SpringMVC那些静态资源需要单独处理,此处我们要单独处理的是image,如果不单独处理而是经过dispatcher的话,就会发生404错误.
实例:用Servlet3及其更高版本上传文件
说明:
  有了Servlet3,就不需要Commons FileUpload 和Commons IO元件了.因为在Servlet3中内置了上传文件的特性.
  幸运的是Domain类和Controller类基本不变,我们仅仅需要修改一下配置文件。
配置文件:
修改Web.xml
我们可以看到实在dispatcher的基础上添加了配置项:multipart-config
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
     xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
     version="3.1">
  <context-param>
    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
    <param-value>/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml</param-value>
  </context-param>
  <listener>
    <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
  </listener>
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    <multipart-config>
      <max-file-size>20848820</max-file-size>
      <!--上传内文件的最大容量-->
      <max-request-size>418018841</max-request-size>
      <!--表示多部分HTTP请求允许的最大容量-->
      <file-size-threshold>1048576</file-size-threshold>
      <!--超过这个容量将会被写到磁盘中-->
      <location>/image/</location>
      <!--要将已上传的文件保存到磁盘中的位置-->
    </multipart-config>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
  <!--Spring中文乱码拦截器-->
  <filter>
    <filter-name>setcharacter</filter-name>
    <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>encoding</param-name>
      <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
    </init-param>
  </filter>
  <filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>setcharacter</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>
 </web-app>SpringMVC配置文件添加多部分解析器
MultipartResolver接口的标准实现,基于Servlet 3.0部分API. To be added as "multipartResolver" bean to a Spring DispatcherServlet context, without any extra configuration at the bean level. <bean id="MultipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.support.StandardServletMultipartResolver"></bean>
实例:为多文件上传添加一个进度条
说明:
我们关注的是HTML5 input元素的change事件,当input元素的值发生改变时,他就会被触发。其次,我们还关注XMLHttpRequest对象中添加progress事件。XMLHttpRequest自然是AJAX的骨架。当异步使用XMLHttpRequest对象上传文件的时候就会持续地触发progress事件,直到上传进度完成或者取消。通过轻松监听progress事件,可以轻松地检测文件上传操作的进度。
编写Domain和Controller
1.Domain:UploadFile
package domain;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;
import java.io.Serializable;
public class UploadFile implements Serializable {
  private MultipartFile multipartFile;
  public MultipartFile getMultipartFile() {
    return multipartFile;
  }
  public void setMultipartFile(MultipartFile multipartFile) {
    this.multipartFile = multipartFile;
  }
}2.Controller:Html5FileUploadController类
package controller;
import domain.UploadFile;
import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.validation.BindingResult;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ModelAttribute;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import java.io.File;
@Controller
public class Html5FileUploadController {
  private static final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(Html5FileUploadController.class);
  @RequestMapping("/html5")
  public String inputProduct()
  {
    return "html5";
  }
  @RequestMapping("/file_upload")
  public void saveFile(HttpServletRequest servletRequest, @ModelAttribute UploadFile file, BindingResult result)
  {
    MultipartFile multipartFile =file.getMultipartFile();
    String filename =multipartFile.getOriginalFilename();
    try {
      File file1 = new File(servletRequest.getServletContext().getRealPath("/image"),filename);
      multipartFile.transferTo(file1);
      System.out.println("已经写人本地文件:"+file1.getName());
    } catch (Exception e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    }
  }
}编写HTML5页面
<%--
 Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
 User: zy
 Date: 17-3-8
 Time: 下午10:01
 To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
  <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
  <script>
    var totalFileLength,totalUploaded,fileCount,filesUploaded;
    function debug(s) { //输出调试信息
      var debug = document.getElementById('debug');
      if(debug)
      {
        debug.innerHTML =debug.innerHTML+'</br>'+s;
      }
    }
    function onUploadComplete(e) { //当一个文件上传完成,紧接着开始调用下次upLoadNext();
      totalUploaded+=document.getElementById('files').files[filesUploaded].size;
      filesUploaded++;
      debug('Complete'+filesUploaded+" of "+fileCount);
      debug('totalUploaded:'+totalUploaded);
      if(filesUploaded<fileCount)
      {
        upLoadNext();
      }
    }
    function onUploadFailed() {
      alert("Error uploading file");
    }
    function onUploadProgress(e) {//当进度发生改变时,改变进度条
      if(e.lengthComputable)
      {
        var percentComplete =parseInt((e.loaded+totalUploaded)*100/totalFileLength);
        var bar = document.getElementById("bar");
        bar.style.width=percentComplete+"%";
        bar.innerHTML =percentComplete+"% complete";
      }
      else
      {
        debug('unable to compute');
      }
    }
    function upLoadNext() { //将XMLHttpRequest对象的progress事件添加到onLoadProgress并将load事件和error事件分别绑定到对应方法。
      var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
      var fd =new FormData();
      var file =document.getElementById('files').files[filesUploaded];
      fd.append("multipartFile",file);
      xhr.upload.addEventListener("progress",onUploadProgress,false);
      xhr.addEventListener("load",onUploadComplete,false);
      xhr.addEventListener("error",onUploadFailed,false);
      xhr.open("POST","file_upload");
      debug('uploading'+file.name);
      xhr.send(fd);
    }
    function onFileSelect(e) { //当选择的文件发生改变时,重新获取并打印现在所选的文件信息
      var files =e.target.files;
      var output=[];
      fileCount =files.length;
      totalFileLength =0;
      for(var i=0;i<fileCount;i++)
      {
        var file =files[i];
        output.push(file.name,'(',file.size,'bytes',')',file.lastModifiedDate.toLocaleDateString());
        output.push("<br/>");
        debug('add'+file.size);
        totalFileLength+=file.size;
      }
      document.getElementById('selectedFiles').innerHTML = output.join('');
      debug('totalFileLength:'+totalFileLength);
    }
    function startUpload() { //当用户点击提交以后开始执行
      totalUploaded=filesUploaded=0;
      upLoadNext();
    }
    window.onload=function () {
      document.getElementById('files').addEventListener('change',onFileSelect,false);
      document.getElementById('upLoadButton').addEventListener('click',startUpload,false);
    }
  </script>
</body>
  <h2>Multipart File Uploads with Progress Bar</h2>
  <div id="bar" >
  </div>
<form>
  <input type="file" id="files" multiple>
  <br>
  <output id="selectedFiles"></output>
  <input id="upLoadButton" type="button" value="Upload">
</form>
<div id="debug" >
</div>
</html>说明:
progressBar div用于展示上传进度,debug div用于显示调试信息。
执行脚本时,第一件事就是为4个变量分配空间:totalFileLength,totalUploaded,fileCount,filesUploaded;

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