动态路由之RIP协议

二.什么叫距离矢量路由协议基于距离矢量算法：又称为Bellman-ford或 Ford-Fulkerson算法。距离矢量名称的由来是因为路由是以矢量（距离，方向）的方式被通告出去的，这里的距离是根据度量来决定的。通俗点就是：往某个方向上的距离。周期性更新：每个路由器周期性地向直接相连的其他路由器发送自己的路由表。原理：距离矢量协议直接传送各自的路由表信息。网络中的路由器从自己的邻居路由器得到路由信息，并将这些路由信息连同自己的本地路由信息发送给其他邻居，这样一级级的传递下去以达到全网同步。每个路由器都不了解整个网络拓扑，它们只知道与自己直接相连的网络情况，并根据从邻居得到的路由信息更新自己的路由。三.RIP路由协议特点 RIP：Routing Information Protocol （路由信息协议）一种距离矢量路由协议，属于IGP协议。 RIP协议适用于中小型网络，有RIPv1和RIPv2两个版本。其中： RIPv1为有类别路由协议，不支持VLSM和CIDR 以广播的形式发送报文不支持验证 RIPv2为无类别路由协议，支持VLSM，支持路由聚合与CIDR 支持以广播或者组播（224.0.0.9）的形式发送报文支持明文验证和 MD5 密文验证使用UDP进行路由信息的交互，目标端口号520。 RIP支持：水平分割（避免路由环路的出现和加快路由汇聚的技术）、毒性逆转（一种改进的水平分割） ## 四.路由环路路由环路：更新周期30s r1 r2 r3 r3有一条链路坏了，它的条目跳数就是16不可达 30s后r2就会去学习R3的条目周期30s，r3的条目跳数就变成2 数据包在这两个路由器就会回环

### 1.在GNS3当中配好路由器的接口的地址和主机的IP地址 PC1: 192.168.10.2/24 R1F0/0: 192.168.10.1/24 R1F0/1: 192.168.20.1/30 子网掩码：255.255.255.252 R2F0/0: 192.168.20.2/30 子网掩码：255.255.255.252 R2F0/1: 192.168.30.1/30 子网掩码：255.255.255.252 R3F0/0: 192.168.30.2/30 子网掩码：255.255.255.252 R3F0/1: 192.168.40.1/24 PC2: 192.168.40.2/24 ### 2.配置R1两个接口的地址，并查看地址有没有生效

R1(config)#int f0/0 R1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0 //配置地址 R1(config-if)#no shut //开启 R1(config-if)#ex R1(config)#int *Mar 1 00:01:36.027: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up *Mar 1 00:01:37.027: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up R1(config)#int f0/1 R1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.20.1 255.255.255.252 R1(config-if)#no shut R1(config-if)#ex R1(config)# *Mar 1 00:01:58.459: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthern *Mar 1 00:01:59.459: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up R1(config)#do show ip route //查看路由表 Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2 i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2 ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set C 192.168.10.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 192.168.20.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 192.168.20.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1

Mar 1 00:02:55.115: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up Mar 1 00:02:56.115: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up R2(config)#int f0/1 R2(config-if)#ip add 192.168.30.1 255.255.255.252 R2(config-if)#no shut R2(config-if)#ex R2(config)#

Mar 1 00:03:18.619: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up Mar 1 00:03:19.619: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up R2(config)#do show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2 i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2 ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set 0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 192.168.30.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1 0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 192.168.20.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0**

3.配置R3的两个接口地址和查看路由表地址有没有生效 R3(config)#int f0/0 R3(config-if)#ip add 192.168.30.2 255.255.255.252 R3(config-if)#no shut R3(config-if)#ex R3(config)#int f *Mar 1 00:03:56.759: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up

*Mar 1 00:03:57.759: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up R3(config)#int f0/1 R3(config-if)#ip add 192.168.40.1 255.255.255.0 R3(config-if)#no shut R3(config-if)#ex R3(config)# *Mar 1 00:04:15.899: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up *Mar 1 00:04:16.899: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up R3(config)#do show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2 i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2 ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set

4.给R1配RIP2协议，并且查看路由表 R1(config)#router rip //进入RIP协议进程 R1(config-router)#network 192.168.10.0 //宣告网段 R1(config-router)#network 192.168.20.0 //宣告网段 R1(config-router)#version 2 //选择2协议 R1(config-router)#no auto-summary //关闭路由汇总 R1(config-router)#ex R1(config)#do show ip route //查看路由表 Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2 i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2 ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set 192.168.30.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets R 192.168.30.0 [120/1] via 192.168.20.2, 00:00:18, FastEthernet0/1 C 192.168.10.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 R 192.168.40.0/24 [120/2] via 192.168.20.2, 00:00:00, FastEthernet0/1 192.168.20.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 192.168.20.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1

5.给R2配RIP2协议，并且查看路由表 R2(config)#router rip R2(config-router)#network 192.168.20.0 R2(config-router)#network 192.168.30.0 R2(config-router)#version 2 R2(config-router)#no auto-summary R2(config-router)#ex R2(config)#do show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2 i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2 ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set 192.168.30.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 192.168.30.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1 R 192.168.10.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.20.1, 00:00:13, FastEthernet0/0 R 192.168.40.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.30.2, 00:00:12, FastEthernet0/1 192.168.20.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 192.168.20.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

R3(config)#router rip R3(config-router)#network 192.168.30.0 R3(config-router)#network 192.168.40.0 R3(config-router)#version 2 R3(config-router)#no auto-summary R3(config-router)#ex R3(config)#do show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2 i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2 ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set 192.168.30.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 192.168.30.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 R 192.168.10.0/24 [120/2] via 192.168.30.1, 00:00:14, FastEthernet0/0 C 192.168.40.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1 192.168.20.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets R 192.168.20.0 [120/1] via 192.168.30.1, 00:00:14, FastEthernet0/0

### 7.给两台PC机配IP地址并测试能不能互联互通 > PC1> ip 192.168.10.2 192.168.10.1 > Checking for duplicate address... > PC1 : 192.168.10.2 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.10.1 > > > PC1> ping 192.168.40.2 > 84 bytes from 192.168.40.2 icmp_seq=1 ttl=61 time=93.730 ms > 84 bytes from 192.168.40.2 icmp_seq=2 ttl=61 time=93.728 ms > 84 bytes from 192.168.40.2 icmp_seq=3 ttl=61 time=93.729 ms > 84 bytes from 192.168.40.2 icmp_seq=4 ttl=61 time=93.697 ms > PC2> ip 192.168.40.2 192.168.40.1 > Checking for duplicate address... > PC1 : 192.168.40.2 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.40.1 > > PC2> ping 192.168.10.2 > 84 bytes from 192.168.10.2 icmp_seq=1 ttl=61 time=93.762 ms > 84 bytes from 192.168.10.2 icmp_seq=2 ttl=61 time=93.729 ms > 84 bytes from 192.168.10.2 icmp_seq=3 ttl=61 time=93.729 ms > 84 bytes from 192.168.10.2 icmp_seq=4 ttl=61 time=93.695 ms > 84 bytes from 192.168.10.2 icmp_seq=5 ttl=61 time=93.696 ms ## 以上就是我们的动态路由的RIP协议 ## 后面博客OSPF协议敬请期待

一.动态路由之RIP协议概述

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