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这期内容当中小编将会给大家带来有关Nginx+Tomcat怎么配置负载均衡和动静分离,文章内容丰富且以专业的角度为大家分析和叙述,阅读完这篇文章希望大家可以有所收获。
支持高达50000个并发连接数的响应
拥有强大的静态资源处理能力
运行稳定
内存、CPU等系统资源消耗非常低
目前很多大型网站都应用Nginx服务器作为后端网站程序的反向代理及负载均衡器,提升整个站点的负载并发能力
配置后端服务器池,以提供响应数据
配置将访问请求转发给后端服务器池的服务器处理
Nginx处理静态页面的效率远高于Tomcat的处理能力
如果Tomcat的请求量为1000次,则Nginx的请求量为6000次
Tomcat每秒的吞吐量为0.6M,Nginx的每秒吞吐量为3.6M
Nginx处理静态资源的能力是Tomcat处理的6倍,优势可见一斑
服务端接收来自客户端的请求中,既有静态资源也有动态资源
Nginx服务器:192.168.52.135 Tomcat服务器1:192.168.52.134 Tomcat服务器2:192.168.52.150
[root@tomcat1 ~]# mkdir /mnt/tools //创建挂载目录 [root@tomcat1 ~]# mount.cifs //192.168.100.100/tools /mnt/tools/ //挂载共享工具包 Password for root@//192.168.100.100/tools: [root@tomcat1 ~]# cd /mnt/tools/tomcat/ //切换到挂载目录 [root@tomcat1 tomcat]# ls 12D18CFCD6599AFF0445766ACC4CA231C5025773.torrent apache-jmeter-5.1.zip jdk-8u201-linux-x64.rpm apache-jmeter-5.1 apache-tomcat-9.0.16.tar.gz tomcat优化压测.jmx [root@tomcat1 tomcat]# [root@tomcat1 tomcat]# rpm -ivh jdk-8u201-linux-x64.rpm //直接安装rpm包
[root@tomcat1 tomcat]# cd /usr/java/jdk1.8.0_201-amd64/ //切换目录 [root@tomcat1 jdk1.8.0_201-amd64]# vim /etc/profile //修改系统环境变量文件 ##文件末尾添加环境变量 export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_201-amd64 export CLASSPATH=$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH [root@tomcat1 jdk1.8.0_201-amd64]# source /etc/profile //重新加载配置文件 [root@tomcat1 jdk1.8.0_201-amd64]# java -version //查看版本 java version "1.8.0_201" Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_201-b09) Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.201-b09, mixed mode) [root@tomcat1 jdk1.8.0_201-amd64]#
[root@tomcat1 jdk1.8.0_201-amd64]# cd /mnt/tools/tomcat/ //切换到挂载目录 [root@tomcat1 tomcat]# tar zxf apache-tomcat-9.0.16.tar.gz -C /opt/ //解压到“/opt/”目录 [root@tomcat1 tomcat]# mv /opt/apache-tomcat-9.0.16/ /usr/local/tomcat9 //移动到“/usr/local/”目录并重命名 [root@tomcat1 bin]# ln -s /usr/local/tomcat9/bin/startup.sh /usr/bin/ //建立启动脚本软链接 [root@tomcat1 bin]# ln -s /usr/local/tomcat9/bin/shutdown.sh /usr/bin/ //建立关闭脚本软链接 [root@tomcat1 bin]# [root@tomcat1 bin]# startup.sh //开启Tomcat服务 Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat9 Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat9 Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat9/temp Using JRE_HOME: /usr/java/jdk1.8.0_201-amd64 Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat9/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat9/bin/tomcat-juli.jar Tomcat started. [root@tomcat1 bin]# [root@tomcat1 bin]# netstat -ntap | grep 8080 //查看端口 tcp6 0 0 :::8080 :::* LISTEN 19488/java [root@tomcat1 bin]# [root@tomcat1 bin]# systemctl stop firewalld.service //关闭防火墙 [root@tomcat1 bin]# setenforce 0 //关闭增强性安全功能 [root@tomcat1 bin]#
[root@tomcat1 bin]# mkdir -pv /web/webapp1 //创建站点目录 mkdir: 已创建目录 "/web" mkdir: 已创建目录 "/web/webapp1" [root@tomcat1 bin]# vim /web/webapp1/index.jsp //添加首页文件 <%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <html> <head> <title>JSP test1 page</title> </head> <body> <% out.println("Welcome to test site,http://www.test1.com");%> </body> </html>
[root@tomcat1 bin]# cd ../conf/ //切换目录 [root@tomcat1 conf]# vim server.xml //修改配置文件 <Host name="localhost" appBase="webapps" unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true"> ##在Host标签里,添加下面内容 <Context docBase="/web/webapp1" path="" reloadable="false"> </Context> [root@tomcat1 conf]# shutdown.sh //关闭服务 Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat9 Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat9 Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat9/temp Using JRE_HOME: /usr/java/jdk1.8.0_201-amd64 Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat9/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat9/bin/tomcat-juli.jar [root@tomcat1 conf]# startup.sh //开启服务 Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat9 Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat9 Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat9/temp Using JRE_HOME: /usr/java/jdk1.8.0_201-amd64 Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat9/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat9/bin/tomcat-juli.jar Tomcat started. [root@tomcat1 conf]#
[root@tomcat2 ~]# mkdir /mnt/tools //创建挂载目录 [root@tomcat2 ~]# mount.cifs //192.168.100.100/tools /mnt/tools/ //挂载共享工具包 Password for root@//192.168.100.100/tools: [root@tomcat2 ~]# cd /mnt/tools/tomcat/ //切换到挂载目录 [root@tomcat2 tomcat]# rpm -ivh jdk-8u201-linux-x64.rpm //直接安装rpm包
[root@tomcat2 tomcat]# cd /usr/java/jdk1.8.0_201-amd64/ //切换目录 [root@tomcat2 jdk1.8.0_201-amd64]# vim /etc/profile //修改系统环境变量文件 ##文件末尾添加环境变量 export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_201-amd64 export CLASSPATH=$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH [root@tomcat2 jdk1.8.0_201-amd64]# source /etc/profile //重新加载配置文件 [root@tomcat2 jdk1.8.0_201-amd64]# java -version //查看版本 java version "1.8.0_201" Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_201-b09) Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.201-b09, mixed mode) [root@tomcat2 jdk1.8.0_201-amd64]#
[root@tomcat2 jdk1.8.0_201-amd64]# cd /mnt/tools/tomcat/ //切换到挂载目录 [root@tomcat2 tomcat]# tar zxf apache-tomcat-9.0.16.tar.gz -C /opt/ //解压到“/opt/”目录 [root@tomcat2 tomcat]# mv /opt/apache-tomcat-9.0.16/ /usr/local/tomcat9 //移动到“/usr/local/”目录并重命名 [root@tomcat2 tomcat]# ln -s /usr/local/tomcat9/bin/startup.sh /usr/bin/ //建立启动脚本软链接 [root@tomcat2 tomcat]# ln -s /usr/local/tomcat9/bin/shutdown.sh /usr/bin/ //建立关闭脚本软链接 [root@tomcat2 tomcat]# startup.sh //开启服务 Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat9 Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat9 Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat9/temp Using JRE_HOME: /usr/java/jdk1.8.0_201-amd64 Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat9/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat9/bin/tomcat-juli.jar Tomcat started. [root@tomcat2 tomcat]# netstat -ntap | grep 8080 //查看端口 tcp6 0 0 :::8080 :::* LISTEN 52941/java [root@tomcat2 tomcat]# [root@tomcat2 tomcat]# systemctl stop firewalld.service //关闭防火墙 [root@tomcat2 tomcat]# setenforce 0 //关闭增强性安全功能 [root@tomcat2 tomcat]#
[root@tomcat2 tomcat]# mkdir -pv /web/webapp1 //创建站点目录 mkdir: 已创建目录 "/web" mkdir: 已创建目录 "/web/webapp1" [root@tomcat2 tomcat]# vim /web/webapp1/index.jsp //添加首页文件 <%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <html> <head> <title>JSP test1 page</title> </head> <body> <% out.println("Welcome to test site,http://www.test2.com");%> </body> </html>
[root@tomcat2 tomcat]# cd /usr/local/tomcat9/conf/ //切换目录 [root@tomcat2 conf]# vim server.xml //修改配置文件 <Host name="localhost" appBase="webapps" unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true"> ##在Host标签里,添加下面内容 <Context docBase="/web/webapp1" path="" reloadable="false"> </Context> [root@tomcat2 conf]# shutdown.sh //关闭服务 Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat9 Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat9 Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat9/temp Using JRE_HOME: /usr/java/jdk1.8.0_201-amd64 Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat9/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat9/bin/tomcat-juli.jar [root@tomcat2 conf]# startup.sh //开启服务 Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat9 Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat9 Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat9/temp Using JRE_HOME: /usr/java/jdk1.8.0_201-amd64 Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat9/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat9/bin/tomcat-juli.jar Tomcat started. [root@tomcat2 conf]#
[root@nginx ~]# yum -y install pcre-devel zlib-devel openssl-devel gcc gcc-c++ ............//省略过程 [root@nginx ~]#
[root@nginx ~]# mkdir /mnt/tools //创建挂载目录 [root@nginx ~]# mount.cifs //192.168.100.100/tools /mnt/tools/ //挂载共享目录 Password for root@//192.168.100.100/tools: [root@nginx ~]# cd /mnt/tools/LNMP/ //切换到挂载目录 [root@nginx LNMP]# ls Discuz_X3.4_SC_UTF8.zip nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz php-7.1.20.tar.gz mysql-boost-5.7.20.tar.gz php-7.1.10.tar.bz2 [root@nginx LNMP]# tar zxf nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz -C /opt/ //解压源码包 [root@nginx LNMP]# cd /opt/ [root@nginx opt]# ls nginx-1.12.2 rh [root@nginx opt]#
[root@nginx opt]# cd nginx-1.12.2/ //切换目录 [root@nginx nginx-1.12.2]# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx //创建用户nginx [root@nginx nginx-1.12.2]# ./configure \ //配置nginx服务 > --prefix=/usr/local/nginx \ //安装路径 > --user=nginx \ //属主 > --group=nginx \ //属组 > --with-file-aio \ //启用file aio支持(一种APL文件传输格式) > --with-http_stub_status_module \ //获取nginx自上次启动以来的工作状态 > --with-http_gzip_static_module \ //在线实时压缩输出数据流 > --with-http_flv_module \ //为Flash Video(FLV)文件 提供服务端伪流媒体支持 > --with-http_ssl_module //为HTTPS提供了必要的支持 [root@nginx nginx-1.12.2]# make && make install
[root@nginx nginx-1.12.2]# ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/local/sbin/ //为nginx命令建立软链接,方便系统识别 [root@nginx nginx-1.12.2]# [root@nginx nginx-1.12.2]# vim /etc/init.d/nginx //添加管理脚本 #!/bin/bash # chkconfig: - 99 20 # description: Nginx Service Control Script PROG="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx" PIDF="/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid" case "$1" in start) $PROG ;; stop) kill -s QUIT $(cat $PIDF) ;; restart) $0 stop $0 start ;; reload) kill -s HUP $(cat $PIDF) ;; *) echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|reload}" exit 1 esac exit 0 [root@nginx nginx-1.12.2]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/nginx //给脚本添加执行权限 [root@nginx nginx-1.12.2]# chkconfig --add nginx //添加让service工具能够识别 [root@nginx nginx-1.12.2]# [root@nginx nginx-1.12.2]# service nginx start //开启服务 [root@nginx nginx-1.12.2]# service nginx stop //关闭服务 [root@nginx nginx-1.12.2]#
[root@nginx nginx-1.12.2]# cd /usr/local/nginx/conf/ //切换目录 [root@nginx conf]# ls fastcgi.conf fastcgi_params.default mime.types nginx.conf.default uwsgi_params fastcgi.conf.default koi-utf mime.types.default scgi_params uwsgi_params.default fastcgi_params koi-win nginx.conf scgi_params.default win-utf [root@nginx conf]# vim nginx.conf //修改配置文件 upstream tomcat-server { ##添加tomcat服务器 server 192.168.52.134:8080 weight=1; server 192.168.52.150:8080 weight=1; } location / { root html; index index.html index.htm; proxy_pass http://tomcat-server; ##添加代理 } [root@nginx conf]# nginx -t //检查配置文件格式 nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful [root@nginx conf]# [root@nginx conf]# service nginx start //开启服务 [root@nginx conf]# netstat -ntap | grep nginx //查看端口 tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 41747/nginx: master [root@nginx conf]# systemctl stop firewalld.service 关闭防火墙 [root@nginx conf]# setenforce 0 //关闭增强性安全功能 [root@nginx conf]#
(生产环境下,两个页面需要相同,这是为了方便演示故意设置不同)
[root@nginx conf]# vim nginx.conf //修改配置文件 ##不用修改 upstream tomcat-server { server 192.168.52.134:8080 weight=1; server 192.168.52.150:8080 weight=1; } location / { root html; index index.html index.htm; # proxy_pass http://tomcat-server; ##注释 } ##添加以下内容 location ~.*.jsp$ { proxy_pass http://tomcat-server; proxy_set_header Host $host; } location ~.*.\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf|css)$ { root html; expires 30d; }
[root@nginx conf]# vim ../html/index.html <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8"> //支持中文字符集 <title>静态页面</title> <style> body { width: 35em; margin: 0 auto; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; } </style> </head> <body> <h2>静态页面</h2> <p>这是静态页面</p> </body> </html> [root@nginx conf]# service nginx stop [root@nginx conf]# service nginx start [root@nginx conf]#
[root@tomcat1 ~]# cd /usr/local/tomcat9/webapps/ //切换目录 [root@tomcat1 webapps]# ls docs examples host-manager manager ROOT [root@tomcat1 webapps]# mkdir test //创建站点目录 [root@tomcat1 webapps]# cd test/ [root@tomcat1 test]# vim index.jsp //添加首页文件 <!DOCTYPE html> <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <%@ page import="java.util.Date" %> <%@ page import="java.text.SimpleDateFormat" %> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4. 01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/ html4/loose. dtd"> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>动态页面1</title> </head> <body> <div>动态页面1</div> </body> </html>
[root@tomcat2 ~]# cd /usr/local/tomcat9/webapps/ //切换目录 [root@tomcat2 webapps]# ls docs examples host-manager manager ROOT [root@tomcat2 webapps]# mkdir test //创建站点目录 [root@tomcat2 webapps]# cd test/ [root@tomcat2 test]# vim /index.jsp //添加首页文件 <!DOCTYPE html> <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <%@ page import="java.util.Date" %> <%@ page import="java.text.SimpleDateFormat" %> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4. 01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/ html4/loose. dtd"> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>动态页面2</title> </head> <body> <div>动态页面2</div> </body> </html>
[root@tomcat1 test]# vim index.jsp <div>动态页面1</div><br><img src="picture.jpg"> //只需修改此行 [root@tomcat2 test]# vim index.jsp <div>动态页面2</div><br><img src="picture.jpg"> //只需修改此行
[root@nginx conf]# cd /mnt/tools/ //切换到挂载点 [root@nginx tools]# mkdir -p /usr/local/nginx/html/test //创建站点目录test,注意必须与Tomcat站点相同 [root@nginx tools]# cp picture.jpg /usr/local/nginx/html/test/ //复制图片到站点 [root@nginx tools]#
上述就是小编为大家分享的Nginx+Tomcat怎么配置负载均衡和动静分离了,如果刚好有类似的疑惑,不妨参照上述分析进行理解。如果想知道更多相关知识,欢迎关注亿速云行业资讯频道。
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