kubernetes二进制安装和配置（1.11.6）

发布时间：2020-06-02 08:44:43 作者：长跑者1号
来源：网络阅读：1763

一环境准备

1 简介

1 master节点主要包含三大组件：

1 apiserver 提供资源操作的唯一入口，并提供认证，授权，访问控制API注册和发现等机制
2 scheduler 负责资源的调度，按照预定的调度策略将POD调度到相应节点上
3 controller 负责维护集群的状态，如故障检测，自动扩展，滚动更新等

2 node节点主要包含

1 kubelet 维护容器的声明周期，同时也负载挂载和网络管理
2 kube-proxy 负责为service提供cluster内部服务的服务发现和负载均衡

3 其他核心组件

1 etcd 保存整个集群状态
2 flannel 为集群提供网络环境

4 kubernetes核心插件

1 coreDNS 负责为整个集群提供DNS服务
2 ingress controller 为服务提供外网入口
3 promentheus 提供资源监控
4 dashboard 提供GUI

2 实验环境

角色	IP地址	相关组件
master1	192.168.1.10	docker, etcd,kubectl,flannel,kube-apiserver,kube-controller-manager,kube-scheduler
master2	192.168.1.20	docker,etcd,kubectl,flannel,kube-apiserver,kube-controller-manager,kube-scheduler
node1	192.168.1.30	kubelet,kube-proxy,docker,flannel,etcd
node2	192.168.1.40	kubelet,kube-proxy,docker,flannel
nginx 负载均衡器	192.168.1.100	nginx

备注：
1 关闭selinux
2 firewalled防火墙关闭（关闭开机自启动）
3 设置时间同步服务器
4 配置master和node节点之间的域名解析，可直接配置在/etc/hosts中
5 配置禁用交换分区
echo "vm.swappiness = 0">> /etc/sysctl.conf
sysctl -p

二部署etcd（master1,master2,node1）

1 基础简介

etcd 是一个键值存储功能的数据库，其可以实现节点之间的leader选举功能，集群的所有转换信息都在etcd中存储，其他的etcd服务节点就会成为follower，在此过程供其他的follower会同步leader的数据，由于etcd集群必须能够选择出leader才能正常工作，因此其部署必须是奇数
相关etcd 选型
在考虑etcd读写效率以及稳定性的情况下，基本可以选型如下：
只有单台或者两台服务器做kubernetes的服务集群，只需要部署一台etcd节点即可；
只有三台或者四台服务器做kubernetes的服务集群，只需要部署三台etcd节点即可；
只有五台或者六台服务器做kubernetes的服务集群，只需要部署五台etcd节点即可；
etcd 内部通信使用是点到点的HTTPS通信
向外部通信是加密的点到点通信，其在kubernetes集群中其是通过与apiserver交互实现互相之间的通信
etcd之间的通信需要CA证书，etcd与客户端之间的通信也需要CA证书，与api server 也需要证书

2 生成证书

1 使用cfssl 生成自签名证书，下载对应工具

wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64  
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64

2 授权并移动

chmod +x cfssl_linux-amd64 cfssljson_linux-amd64 cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 
mv cfssl_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl
mv cfssljson_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssljson
mv cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl-certinfo

3 创建文件，并生成对应证书

1 ca-config.json

{
  "signing": {
    "default": {
      "expiry": "87600h"
    },
     "profiles": {
      "www": {
                     "expiry": "87600h",
                      "usages": [
                                "signing",
                                "key encipherment",
                                "server auth",
                                "client auth"
                                                    ]
                                }
                    }
        }
}

2 ca-csr.json

{
    "CN": "etcd CA",
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "Shaanxi",
            "ST": "xi'an"
        }
    ]
}

3 server-csr.json

{
    "CN": "etcd",
    "hosts": [
                "192.168.1.10",
                "192.168.1.20",
                "192.168.1.30"
    ],
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "Shaanxi",
            "ST": "xi'an"
        }
    ]
}

4 生成证书

1  cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -

结果如下
kubernetes二进制安装和配置（1.11.6）

2    cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=www server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server

结果如下

kubernetes二进制安装和配置（1.11.6）

3 部署etcd

1 下载相关软件包

wget https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases/download/v3.2.12/etcd-v3.2.12-linux-amd64.tar.gz

2 创建相关配置文件目录并解压相关配置

mkdir /opt/etcd/{bin,cfg,ssl} -p
tar xf etcd-v3.2.12-linux-amd64.tar.gz
mv etcd-v3.2.12-linux-amd64/{etcd,etcdctl}  /opt/etcd/bin/

结果如下：
kubernetes二进制安装和配置（1.11.6）

3 创建配置文件etcd

 #[Member]
 ETCD_NAME="etcd01"
 ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
 ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.1.10:2380"
 ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.1.10:2379"
 #[Clustering]
 ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.1.10:2380"
 ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.1.10:2379"
 ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd01=https://192.168.1.10:2380,etcd02=https://192.168.1.20:2380,etcd03=https://192.168.1.30:2380"
 ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
 ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"

名词解析：

ETCD_NAME #节点名称
ETCD_DATA_DIR # 数据目录,用于存储节点ID，集群ID，等数据
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS #监听URL，用于与其他节点通信（本地IP加端口）
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS # 客户端访问监听地址
ETCD_INITAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS #集群通告地址
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS #客户端通告地址，告知其他节点通讯
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER #集群节点地址，集群中所有节点地址
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN #集群token
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE # 加入集群的当前状态，new 是新集群，exitsting 表示加入已有集群

4 创建启动文件 etcd.service

 [Unit]
 Description=Etcd Server
 After=network.target
 After=network-online.target
 Wants=network-online.target
 [Service]
 Type=notify
 EnvironmentFile=/opt/etcd/cfg/etcd
 ExecStart=/opt/etcd/bin/etcd \
 --name=${ETCD_NAME} \
 --data-dir=${ETCD_DATA_DIR} \
 --listen-peer-urls=${ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS} \
 --listen-client-urls=${ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS},http://127.0.0.1:2379 \
 --advertise-client-urls=${ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS} \
 --initial-advertise-peer-urls=${ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS} \
 --initial-cluster=${ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER} \
 --initial-cluster-token=${ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN} \
 --initial-cluster-state=new \
 --cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
 --key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
 --peer-cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
 --peer-key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
 --trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
 --peer-trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem
 Restart=on-failure
 LimitNOFILE=65536
 [Install]
 WantedBy=multi-user.target

结果如下
kubernetes二进制安装和配置（1.11.6）

复制密钥信息到指定位置

kubernetes二进制安装和配置（1.11.6）

master2

1 创建文件

mkdir /opt/etcd/{bin,cfg,ssl} -p

2 复制相关配置文件至指定节点master2
kubernetes二进制安装和配置（1.11.6）

kubernetes二进制安装和配置（1.11.6）

修改配置信息
etcd 配置

#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd02"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.1.20:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.1.20:2379" 
#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.1.20:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.1.20:2379" 
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd01=https://192.168.1.10:2380,etcd02=https://192.168.1.20:2380,etcd03=https://192.168.1.30:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"

结果如下

kubernetes二进制安装和配置（1.11.6）
node1 节点配置，同master2

mkdir /opt/etcd/{bin,cfg,ssl} -p
scp /opt/etcd/cfg/*  node1:/opt/etcd/cfg/
scp /opt/etcd/bin/*  node1:/opt/etcd/bin/
scp /opt/etcd/ssl/*  node1:/opt/etcd/ssl/

kubernetes二进制安装和配置（1.11.6）

修改配置文件

#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd03"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.1.30:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.1.30:2379" 
#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.1.30:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.1.30:2379" 
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd01=https://192.168.1.10:2380,etcd02=https://192.168.1.20:2380,etcd03=https://192.168.1.30:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"

配置结果如下
kubernetes二进制安装和配置（1.11.6）

4 启动服务

三个节点启动并设置开机自启动（同时启动）

systemctl start etcd 
systemctl enable etcd.service

验证：

/opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl --ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem --key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem --endpoints="https://192.168.1.10:2379,https://192.168.1.20:2379,https://192.168.1.30:2379"  cluster-health

结果如下

kubernetes二进制安装和配置（1.11.6）

**ETCD扩展：https://www.kubernetes.org.cn/5021.html

三各节点安装docker（除负载均衡节点外）

1 安装依赖关系包

yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2

2 安装dockeryum 源

yum-config-manager     --add-repo     https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo![]

3 安装docker-ce

 yum install docker-ce -y

4 配置相关源

curl -sSL https://get.daocloud.io/daotools/set_mirror.sh | sh -s http://bc437cce.m.daocloud.io

5 重启docker并设置为开机自启动

systemctl restart docker
systemctl  enable docker

6查看结果

结果如下
kubernetes二进制安装和配置（1.11.6）

四部署flannel网络（除负载均衡节点）

1 简介

flannel 默认使用vxlan（Linux 内核自3.7.0之后支持）方式为后端网络的传输机制,其不支持网络策略，其是基于 Linux TUN/TAP 传输，借助etcd维护网络的分配情况
flannel 对于子网冲突的解决方式：预留一个网络（后面的写入etcd的网络），而后自动为每个节点的docker容器引擎分配一个子网，并将其分配的信息保存于etcd持久化存储中。
flannel三种模式：
1 vxlan
2升级版 vxlan(direct routing VXLAN) 同一网络的节点使用host-gw通信，其他通信使用vxlan方式实现
3 host-gw：及 host gateway，通过节点上创建到目标容器地址的路由直接完成报文转发，这种方式要求各个节点必须在同一个三层网络中，host-gw有较好的转发性能，易于设定，若经过多个网络，会牵扯更多路由，性能有所下降
4 UDP：使用普通的UDP报文完成隧道转发，性能低，仅在前两种不支持的情况下使用

2 分配子网并写入etcd

flanneld，要用于etcd 存储自身一个子网信息，因此需保证能够成功链接etcd，写入预定子网网段

/opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl --ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem --key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem --endpoints="https://192.168.1.10:2379,https://192.168.1.20:2379,https://192.168.1.30:2379"  set /coreos.com/network/config  '{"Network":"172.17.0.0/16","Backend":{"Type":"vxlan"}}'![]

3 下载并进行相关配置

1 下载flannel

wget https://github.com/coreos/flannel/releases/download/v0.10.0/flannel-v0.10.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz

2 解压配置：

tar xf flannel-v0.10.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz

3 创建kubernetes配置文件目录

mkdir /opt/kubernetes/bin -p

4 移动二进制文件至kubernetes目录

 mv flanneld  mk-docker-opts.sh /opt/kubernetes/bin/

5 创建配置文件目录

  mkdir /opt/kubernetes/cfg

6 配置flannel配置文件

FLANNEL_OPTIONS="--etcd-endpoints=https://192.168.1.10:2379,https://192.168.1.20:2379,https://192.168.1.30:2379 -etcd-cafile=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem -etcd-certfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem -etcd-keyfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem"

7 配置systemd 管理flannel网络

cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/flanneld.service

[Unit]
Description=Flanneld overlay address etcd agent
After=network-online.target network.target
Before=docker.service
[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/flanneld
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/flanneld --ip-masq $FLANNEL_OPTIONS
ExecStartPost=/opt/kubernetes/bin/mk-docker-opts.sh -k DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS -d /run/flannel/subnet.env
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

结果如下
kubernetes二进制安装和配置（1.11.6）

8 配置docker支持flannel网络

[Unit]
Description=Docker Application Container Engine
Documentation=https://docs.docker.com
After=network-online.target firewalld.service
Wants=network-online.target
[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=/run/flannel/subnet.env
ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd $DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
LimitNOFILE=infinity
LimitNPROC=infinity
LimitCORE=infinity
TimeoutStartSec=0
Delegate=yes
KillMode=process
Restart=on-failure
StartLimitBurst=3
StartLimitInterval=60s
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

结果如下
kubernetes二进制安装和配置（1.11.6）

9 复制并移动至各个节点

1 其他节点创建相关etcd目录和相关kubernetes目录

mkdir /opt/kubernetes/{cfg,bin}  -p
mkdir /opt/etcd/ssl  -p

2 复制相关配置文件至指定主机
kubernetes二进制安装和配置（1.11.6）

复制相关flannd访问
kubernetes二进制安装和配置（1.11.6）
复制docker配置信息

10 启动flannd并重启docker

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start flanneld
systemctl enable flanneld

11 查看结果
注意：（确保docker0 和 flannel.1在同一网段，且能每个节点能与其他节点docker0的IP通信）

kubernetes二进制安装和配置（1.11.6）

结果如下

查看etcd中的flannel配置

/opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl --ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem --key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem --endpoints="https://192.168.1.10:2379,https://192.168.1.20:2379,https://192.168.1.30:2379"  get /coreos.com/network/config 
/opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl --ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem --key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem --endpoints="https://192.168.1.10:2379,https://192.168.1.20:2379,https://192.168.1.30:2379"  get /coreos.com/network/subnets/172.17.56.0-24

五 master节点API-SERVER部署（master1，master2）

1 简介

API-SERVER 提供了资源操作的唯一入口，并提供认证、授权、访问控制、API 注册和发现等机制
查看相关资源日志
journalctl -exu kube-apiserver

2 生成和配置相关密钥和证书

1 创建kubernetes存放证书的目录

mkdir /opt/kubernetes/ssl

2 进入创建的目录并创建证书

cat ca-config.json

{
  "signing": {
    "default": {
      "expiry": "87600h"
    },
    "profiles": {
      "kubernetes": {
         "expiry": "87600h",
         "usages": [
            "signing",
            "key encipherment",
            "server auth",
            "client auth"
        ]
      }
    }
  }
}

cat ca-csr.json

{
    "CN": "kubernetes",
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "Shaanxi",
            "ST": "xi'an",
            "O": "k8s",
            "OU": "System"
        }
    ]
}

cat server-csr.json

{
    "CN": "kubernetes",
    "hosts": [
      "10.0.0.1",
      "127.0.0.1",
      "192.168.1.10",
      "kubernetes",
      "kubernetes.default",
      "kubernetes.default.svc",
      "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster",
      "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local"
    ],{
    "CN": "kubernetes",
    "hosts": [
      "10.0.0.1",
      "127.0.0.1",
      "192.168.1.10",
      "192.168.1.20",
      "192.168.1.100",
      "kubernetes",
      "kubernetes.default",
      "kubernetes.default.svc",
      "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster",
      "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local"
    ],
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "Shannxi",
            "ST": "xi'an",
            "O": "k8s",
            "OU": "System"
        }
    ]
}
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "Shannxi",
            "ST": "xi'an",
            "O": "k8s",
            "OU": "System"
        }
    ]
}

kube-proxy-csr.json

{
  "CN": "system:kube-proxy",
  "hosts": [],
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "L": "Shaanxi",
      "ST": "xi'an",
      "O": "k8s",
      "OU": "System"
    }
  ]
}

3 生成apiserver证书

cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -

查看
kubernetes二进制安装和配置（1.11.6）
2

cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes  server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server

查看结果
kubernetes二进制安装和配置（1.11.6）
3
生成证书

cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-proxy-csr.json | cfssljson  -bare kube-proxy

kubernetes二进制安装和配置（1.11.6）

3 下载和配置

1 下载数据包并移动至指定目录

wget   https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/v1.11.6/kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz

解压数据包

tar xf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz

进入指定目录

cd kubernetes/server/bin/

移动二进制文件到指定目录：

cp kube-apiserver kube-scheduler kube-controller-manager kubectl  /opt/kubernetes/bin/

结果如下
kubernetes二进制安装和配置（1.11.6）

2 创建token （字符串随机，只需要这个文件和对应的名称及相关目录一致）

创建token，后面会用到
674c457d4dcf2eefe4920d7dbb6b0ddc,kubelet-bootstrap,10001,"system:kubelet-bootstrap"
格式如下：
说明：
第一列：随机字符串，自己生成
第二列：用户名
第三列：UID
第四列：用户组

结果如下：
kubernetes二进制安装和配置（1.11.6）

3 创建api-server的配置文件

KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \
--v=4 \
--etcd-servers=https://192.168.1.10:2379,https://192.168.1.20:2379,https://192.168.1.30:2379 \
--bind-address=192.168.1.10 \
--secure-port=6443 \
--advertise-address=192.168.1.10 \
--allow-privileged=true \
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \
--enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,SecurityContextDeny,ServiceAccount,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction \
--authorization-mode=RBAC,Node \
--enable-bootstrap-token-auth \
--token-auth-file=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv \
--service-node-port-range=30000-50000 \
--tls-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem  \
--tls-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \
--client-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--service-account-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \
--etcd-cafile=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--etcd-certfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--etcd-keyfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem"

名词解析

--logtostderr 启用日志
--v 日志等级
--etcd-servers etcd 集群地址
--bind-address 监听地址
--secure-port https安全端口
--advertise-address 集群通道地址
--allow-privileged 用户授权
--service-cluster-ip-range Service 虚拟IP地址段
--enable-admission-plugins 准入控制模块
--authorization-mode 认证授权，启用RBAC 授权和节点自管理

4 创建启动配置文件

[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-apiserver $KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

结果如下：
kubernetes二进制安装和配置（1.11.6）

5 复制配置文件至master2

scp /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver master2:/opt/kubernetes/cfg/
scp /opt/kubernetes/bin/*  master2:/opt/kubernetes/bin
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service master2:/usr/lib/systemd/system
scp /opt/kubernetes/ssl/*  master2:/opt/kubernetes/ssl/
scp /opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv master2:/opt/kubernetes/cfg/

结果：
kubernetes二进制安装和配置（1.11.6）

kubernetes二进制安装和配置（1.11.6）

6 修改master2相关配置文件

/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver

KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \
--v=4 \
--etcd-servers=https://192.168.1.10:2379,https://192.168.1.20:2379,https://192.168.1.30:2379 \
--bind-address=192.168.1.20 \
--secure-port=6443 \
--advertise-address=192.168.1.20 \
--allow-privileged=true \
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \
--enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,SecurityContextDeny,ServiceAccount,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction \
--authorization-mode=RBAC,Node \
--enable-bootstrap-token-auth \
--token-auth-file=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv \
--service-node-port-range=30000-50000 \
--tls-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem  \
--tls-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \
--client-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--service-account-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \
--etcd-cafile=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--etcd-certfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--etcd-keyfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem"

7 启动master1和master2的api-server并设置开机自启动

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-apiserver
systemctl enable kube-apiserver

8 查询显示结果

kubernetes二进制安装和配置（1.11.6）

六 master节点之scheduler（master1,master2）

1 简介

scheduler 负责资源的调度，按照预定的调度策略将POD调度到相应的节点上

2 添加配置文件

/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler

KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \
--v=4 \
--master=127.0.0.1:8080 \
--leader-elect"

参数说明：
--master 链接本地apiserver
--leader-elect "该组件启动多个时，自动选举"

3 配置启动文件

/usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler

[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Scheduler
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-scheduler $KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

结果

kubernetes二进制安装和配置（1.11.6）

4 复制配置文件及相关二进制程序至master2

scp /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler master2:/opt/kubernetes/cfg/
scp /opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-scheduler master2:/opt/kubernetes/bin/
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service master2:/usr/lib/systemd/system

kubernetes二进制安装和配置（1.11.6）

5 启动master1和master2并设置为开机自启动

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-scheduler.service
systemctl enable kube-scheduler.service

查看结果

kubernetes二进制安装和配置（1.11.6）

七 master 节点部署 controller-manager（master1,master2）

1 简介

负责维护集群的状态，如故障检测，自动扩展，滚动更新等

2 配置相关文件

1 配置文件

/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager

KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \
--v=4 \
--master=127.0.0.1:8080 \
--leader-elect=true \
--address=127.0.0.1 \
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \
--cluster-name=kubernetes \
--cluster-signing-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--cluster-signing-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem  \
--root-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--service-account-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem"

2 启动文件配置

/usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service

[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-controller-manager $KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

3 复制配置文件和相关二进制包至master2节点

scp /opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-controller-manager master2:/opt/kubernetes/bin/
scp /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager master2:/opt/kubernetes/cfg/
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager master2:/usr/lib/systemd/system

4 启动并查看配置结果

1 启动服务

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable kube-controller-manager
systemctl restart kube-controller-manager

查看结果
kubernetes二进制安装和配置（1.11.6）

2查看最终master启动结果

kubernetes二进制安装和配置（1.11.6）

八配置相关负载均衡器（nginx）

1 简介：

用于为master1和master2 节点提供负载均衡

2 配置nginx yum 源

/etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo

[nginx]
name=nginx repo
baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/x86_64/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1

3 安装nginx 并配置nginx

yum -y install nginx

/etc/nginx/nginx.conf

user  nginx;
worker_processes  1;

error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;
pid        /var/run/nginx.pid;

events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}

http {
    include       /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;

    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
}

stream {
    upstream api-server  {
    server 192.168.1.10:6443;
    server 192.168.1.20:6443;
}

server {
    listen  6443;
        proxy_pass   api-server;
        }
    }

4 检查并启动nginx

systemctl start nginx
systemctl enable nginx

5 查看

kubernetes二进制安装和配置（1.11.6）

九 node节点部署组件 kubelete （node1,node2）

1 简介

负责维护容器的生命周期，同时也负责挂载和网络的管理

2 创建并生成相关配置文件

1 master 节点配置将kubelet-bootstrap用户绑定到集群角色

cd /opt/kubernetes/bin/
./kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap \
   --clusterrole=system:node-bootstrapper \
   --user=kubelet-bootstrap

2 创建kubeconfig 文件

在生成证书的目录下执行

cd /opt/kubernetes/ssl/
脚本如下
environment.sh

# 创建kubelet bootstrapping kubeconfig 
# 下面的随机数为上面生成的随机数
BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN=674c457d4dcf2eefe4920d7dbb6b0ddc
# 其IP地址和端口对应LVS负载均衡器的虚拟IP地址
KUBE_APISERVER="https://192.168.1.100:6443"
# 设置集群参数
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
  --certificate-authority=./ca.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
  --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
# 设置客户端认证参数
kubectl config set-credentials kubelet-bootstrap \
  --token=${BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN} \
  --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
# 设置上下文参数
kubectl config set-context default \
  --cluster=kubernetes \
  --user=kubelet-bootstrap \
  --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
# 设置默认上下文
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
#----------------------
# 创建kube-proxy kubeconfig文件
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
  --certificate-authority=./ca.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
  --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-credentials kube-proxy \
  --client-certificate=./kube-proxy.pem \
  --client-key=./kube-proxy-key.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-context default \
  --cluster=kubernetes \
  --user=kube-proxy \
  --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig

3 配置kubectl环境变量

/etc/profile

export PATH=/opt/kubernetes/bin:$PATH

source /etc/profile

4 执行脚本

sh environment.sh
kubernetes二进制安装和配置（1.11.6）

3 复制相关文件

1 将生成配置文件复制到node1和node2节点上

scp -rp bootstrap.kubeconfig kube-proxy.kubeconfig node1:/opt/kubernetes/cfg/

scp -rp bootstrap.kubeconfig kube-proxy.kubeconfig node2:/opt/kubernetes/cfg/

2 将其所需的二进制文件复制到指定目录进入之前下载的kubernetes配置文件中

cd   /root/kubernetes/server/bin

3 复制配置文件

scp kubelet kube-proxy node1:/opt/kubernetes/bin/
scp kubelet kube-proxy node2:/opt/kubernetes/bin/

4 配置相关文件

1 node1 节点配置kubelet 配置文件

/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet

KUBELET_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \
--v=4 \
--hostname-override=192.168.1.30 \
--kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig \
--bootstrap-kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap.kubeconfig \
--config=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.config \
--cert-dir=/opt/kubernetes/ssl \
--pod-infra-container-image=registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google-containers/pause-amd64:3.0"

参数说明：
--hostname-override 在集群中显示的主机名
-kuveconfig：指定kubeconfig 文件位置，自动生成
--bootstrap-kubecondig 指定文件配置
--cert-dir 颁发证书存在位置
--pod-infra-container-image 管理POD网络镜像

2 配置 kubelet.config

/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.config

kind: KubeletConfiguration
apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
address: 192.168.1.30
port: 10250
readOnlyPort: 10255
cgroupDriver: cgroupfs
clusterDNS: ["10.0.0.10"]
clusterDomain: cluster.local.
failSwapOn: false
authentication:
  anonymous:
    enabled: true

3 服务组件配置

/usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service

 [Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kubelet
After=docker.service
Requires=docker.service

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kubelet $KUBELET_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
KillMode=process

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

4 复制配置文件至node2节点

scp /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet  node2:/opt/kubernetes/cfg/
scp /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.config node2:/opt/kubernetes/cfg/
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service node2:/usr/lib/systemd/system

5修改node2节点配置信息

/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet

KUBELET_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \
--v=4 \
--hostname-override=192.168.1.40 \
--kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig \
--bootstrap-kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap.kubeconfig \
--config=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.config \
--cert-dir=/opt/kubernetes/ssl \
--pod-infra-container-image=registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google-containers/pause-amd64:3.0"

/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.config

kind: KubeletConfiguration
apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
address: 192.168.1.40
port: 10250
readOnlyPort: 10255
cgroupDriver: cgroupfs
clusterDNS: ["10.0.0.10"]
clusterDomain: cluster.local.
failSwapOn: false
authentication:
  anonymous:
    enabled: true

5 启动并查看

1 启动服务

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable kubelet
systemctl restart kubelet

2 查看

kubernetes二进制安装和配置（1.11.6）

10 node节点部署 kube-proxy 组件 (node1,node2)

1 简介

负责为service提供cluster内部的服务发现和负载均衡（通过创建相关的iptables和ipvs规则实现）

2 创建文件

1 创建配置文件

/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy

KUBE_PROXY_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \
--v=4 \
--hostname-override=192.168.1.30 \
--cluster-cidr=10.0.0.0/24 \
--kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.kubeconfig"

2 创建启动配置文件

/usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service

[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Proxy
After=network.target

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-proxy $KUBE_PROXY_OPTS
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

3 复制配置信息至node2节点并修改

1 复制配置信息

scp /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy  node2:/opt/kubernetes/cfg/
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service node2:/usr/lib/systemd/system

2 修改node2配置文件

/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy

KUBE_PROXY_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \
--v=4 \
--hostname-override=192.168.1.40 \
--cluster-cidr=10.0.0.0/24 \
--kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.kubeconfig"

4 启动服务并查看结果

1 启动服务

 systemctl daemon-reload
 systemctl enable  kube-proxy.service
 systemctl start  kube-proxy.service

2 查看结果

kubernetes二进制安装和配置（1.11.6）

5 添加相关认证

kubernetes二进制安装和配置（1.11.6）

6 创建POD 验证

kubectl run nginx  --image=nginx:1.14 --replicas=3

kubernetes二进制安装和配置（1.11.6）

十一搭建部署coredns(master1)

1 简介

负责为整个集群提供内部DNS解析

2 部署

1 创建目录并下载相关yaml文件

mkdir coredns
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coredns/deployment/master/kubernetes/coredns.yaml.sed

2 修改文件内容

上面内容及service的IP地址网段：
kubernetes二进制安装和配置（1.11.6）
下面修改成与 /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.config 中clusterDNS配置的值相同

3 启动服务

kubectl apply -f coredns.yaml.sed

4 查看服务

 kubectl get pods -n kube-system

kubernetes二进制安装和配置（1.11.6）

3 完整配置文件

 apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: coredns
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  labels:
    kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
  name: system:coredns
rules:
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - endpoints
  - services
  - pods
  - namespaces
  verbs:
  - list
  - watch
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - nodes
  verbs:
  - get
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  annotations:
    rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: "true"
  labels:
    kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
  name: system:coredns
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: system:coredns
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: coredns
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: coredns
  namespace: kube-system
data:
  Corefile: |
    .:53 {
        errors
        health
        kubernetes cluster.local 10.0.0.0/24 {  #此处是service的网络地址范围
          pods insecure
          upstream
          fallthrough in-addr.arpa ip6.arpa
        }
        prometheus :9153
        proxy . /etc/resolv.conf
        cache 30
        loop
        reload
        loadbalance
    }
---
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: coredns
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    k8s-app: kube-dns
    kubernetes.io/name: "CoreDNS"
spec:
  replicas: 2
  strategy:
    type: RollingUpdate
    rollingUpdate:
      maxUnavailable: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: kube-dns
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: kube-dns
    spec:
      serviceAccountName: coredns
      tolerations:
        - key: "CriticalAddonsOnly"
          operator: "Exists"
      nodeSelector:
        beta.kubernetes.io/os: linux
      containers:
      - name: coredns
        image: coredns/coredns:1.3.0
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        resources:
          limits:
            memory: 170Mi
          requests:
            cpu: 100m
            memory: 70Mi
        args: [ "-conf", "/etc/coredns/Corefile" ]
        volumeMounts:
        - name: config-volume
          mountPath: /etc/coredns
          readOnly: true
        ports:
        - containerPort: 53
          name: dns
          protocol: UDP
        - containerPort: 53
          name: dns-tcp
          protocol: TCP
        - containerPort: 9153
          name: metrics
          protocol: TCP
        securityContext:
          allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
          capabilities:
            add:
            - NET_BIND_SERVICE
            drop:
            - all
          readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
        livenessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /health
            port: 8080
            scheme: HTTP
          initialDelaySeconds: 60
          timeoutSeconds: 5
          successThreshold: 1
          failureThreshold: 5
      dnsPolicy: Default
      volumes:
        - name: config-volume
          configMap:
            name: coredns
            items:
            - key: Corefile
              path: Corefile
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: kube-dns
  namespace: kube-system
  annotations:
    prometheus.io/port: "9153"
    prometheus.io/scrape: "true"
  labels:
    k8s-app: kube-dns
    kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
    kubernetes.io/name: "CoreDNS"
spec:
  selector:
    k8s-app: kube-dns
  clusterIP: 10.0.0.10  #此处是DNS的地址，其在service的集群网络中
  ports:
  - name: dns
    port: 53
    protocol: UDP
  - name: dns-tcp
    port: 53
    protocol: TCP
  - name: metrics
    port: 9153
    protocol: TCP

4 验证

1 进入上述的任何一个nginx中

kubernetes二进制安装和配置（1.11.6）

2 安装dig

apt-get   update

kubernetes二进制安装和配置（1.11.6）

apt-get install dnsutils

kubernetes二进制安装和配置（1.11.6）

3 查看结果

dig kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local @10.0.0.10

kubernetes二进制安装和配置（1.11.6）

十二部署dashboard（master1）

1 简介

用于为集群提供图形化接口

2 部署服务

1 创建文件夹

mkdir dashboard

2 进入并下载配置文件

cd dashboard/
 wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v1.10.1/src/deploy/recommended/kubernetes-dashboard.yaml

3 部署

 kubectl apply -f kubernetes-dashboard.yaml

4 查看其所在的节点

kubectl get pods -o wide  -n kube-system

kubernetes二进制安装和配置（1.11.6）

5 在该节点上下载相关镜像文件并打tag

docker pull mirrorgooglecontainers/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.10.1
docker  tag   mirrorgooglecontainers/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.10.1  k8s.gcr.io/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.10.1

6 查看结果

kubernetes二进制安装和配置（1.11.6）

7 删除后重新部署

kubectl delete -f kubernetes-dashboard.yaml
kubectl apply  -f kubernetes-dashboard.yaml

kubernetes二进制安装和配置（1.11.6）
查看模式

8 修改模式

kubectl edit  svc  -n kube-system  kubernetes-dashboard

kubernetes二进制安装和配置（1.11.6）

查看结果
kubernetes二进制安装和配置（1.11.6）

9 查看

https://192.168.1.30:45201/  # 其必须是https，其次，其端口是上述的端口号

添加例外
kubernetes二进制安装和配置（1.11.6）

3 添加secret和token 认证

1 创建serviceaccount

 kubectl create serviceaccount dashboard-admin -n kube-system

kubernetes二进制安装和配置（1.11.6）

2 将dashborad-admin 和集群管理员建立绑定关系，使其能通过RBAC检查

 kubectl create clusterrolebinding dashborad-cluster-admin   --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=kube-system:dashboard-admin

kubernetes二进制安装和配置（1.11.6）

3 查看secret 密钥

kubernetes二进制安装和配置（1.11.6）

4 将token填入对应的空间中

kubernetes二进制安装和配置（1.11.6）

13 安装和配置ingress服务（master1）

1 配置部署ingress

1 创建相关并下载配置文件

 mkdir ingress
 cd  ingress
 wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx/nginx-0.20.0/deploy/mandatory.yaml

2 部署并拉取相关镜像

  kubectl apply -f mandatory.yaml

查看运行节点

kubectl get pods -n ingress-nginx   -o wide

kubernetes二进制安装和配置（1.11.6）

到指定节点拉取镜像

 docker pull registry.cn-qingdao.aliyuncs.com/kubernetes_xingej/nginx-ingress-controller:0.20.0
 docker pull   registry.cn-qingdao.aliyuncs.com/kubernetes_xingej/defaultbackend-amd64:1.5

kubernetes二进制安装和配置（1.11.6）

 docker tag registry.cn-qingdao.aliyuncs.com/kubernetes_xingej/nginx-ingress-controller:0.20.0 quay.io/kubernetes-ingress-controller/nginx-ingress-controller:0.20.0
 docker tag registry.cn-qingdao.aliyuncs.com/kubernetes_xingej/defaultbackend-amd64:1.5 k8s.gcr.io/defaultbackend-amd64:1.5

删除重新部署

 kubectl delete -f mandatory.yaml
 kubectl apply  -f mandatory.yaml

kubernetes二进制安装和配置（1.11.6）

查看

 kubectl get pods -n ingress-nginx

kubernetes二进制安装和配置（1.11.6）

若此处无法创建，则可能是apiserver认证不过，可通过删除/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver 中的enable-admission-plugins 中的SecurityContextDeny,ServiceAccount并重启apiserver重新部署即可

2 查看验证

1 创建service暴露端口

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
    name: nginx-ingress-controller
    namespace: ingress-nginx
spec:
    type: NodePort
    clusterIP: 10.0.0.100
    ports:
        - port: 80
          name: http
          nodePort: 30080
        - port: 443
          name: https
          nodePort: 30443
    selector:
        app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx

2 部署并查看

kubectl apply -f service.yaml

查看
kubernetes二进制安装和配置（1.11.6）

验证
kubernetes二进制安装和配置（1.11.6）

3 配置默认后端并进行相关验证

kubernetes二进制安装和配置（1.11.6）

配置默认后端站点

#cat ingress/nginx.yaml 
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
    name: default-backend-nginx
    namespace: default
spec:
    backend:
        serviceName: nginx
        servicePort: 80

部署

 kubectl apply -f ingress/nginx.yaml

查看
kubernetes二进制安装和配置（1.11.6）

14 部署prometheus系统监控（master1）

1 部署 metrics-server

1 下载相关配置文件

mkdir metrics-server
cd metrics-server/
yum -y install git
 git clone  https://github.com/kubernetes-incubator/metrics-server.git

2 修改相关配置

#metrics-server-deployment.yaml 
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: metrics-server
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: metrics-server
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    k8s-app: metrics-server
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: metrics-server
  template:
    metadata:
      name: metrics-server
      labels:
        k8s-app: metrics-server
    spec:
      serviceAccountName: metrics-server
      volumes:
      # mount in tmp so we can safely use from-scratch images and/or read-only containers
      - name: tmp-dir
        emptyDir: {}
      containers:
      - name: metrics-server
        image: registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/minminmsn/metrics-server:v0.3.1
        imagePullPolicy: Always
        volumeMounts:
        - name: tmp-dir
          mountPath: /tmp

3 添加service以供外网访问

#service.yaml
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: metrics-ingress
  namespace: kube-system
  annotations:
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/ingress.class: nginx
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/secure-backends: "true"
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/ssl-passthrough: "true"
spec:
  tls:
  - hosts:
    - metrics.minminmsn.com
    secretName: ingress-secret
  rules:
    - host: metrics.minminmsn.com
      http:
        paths:
        - path: /
          backend:
            serviceName: metrics-server
            servicePort: 443

2 配置相关API 并进行重启（master1和master2均配置）

#/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver
KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \
--v=4 \
--etcd-servers=https://192.168.1.10:2379,https://192.168.1.20:2379,https://192.168.1.30:2379 \
--bind-address=192.168.1.10 \
--secure-port=6443 \
--advertise-address=192.168.1.10 \
--allow-privileged=true \
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \
--enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction \
--authorization-mode=RBAC,Node \
--enable-bootstrap-token-auth \
--token-auth-file=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv \
--service-node-port-range=30000-50000 \
--tls-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem  \
--tls-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \
--client-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--service-account-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \
--etcd-cafile=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--etcd-certfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--etcd-keyfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
# 添加如下配置
--requestheader-client-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--requestheader-allowed-names=aggregator \
--requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra- \
--requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group \
--requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User \
--proxy-client-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/kube-proxy.pem \
--proxy-client-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/kube-proxy-key.pem"

重启apiserver

systemctl restart kube-apiserver.service

3 部署配置

cd metrics-server/deploy/1.8+/
kubectl apply -f .

查看配置
kubernetes二进制安装和配置（1.11.6）
此处之前使用的是30443端口映射443端口，需要https进行访问

2 部署prometheus

1 下载并部署名称空间

git clone https://github.com/iKubernetes/k8s-prom.git
cd k8s-prom/
kubectl apply -f namespace.yaml

2 部署node_exporter

cd node_exporter/
kubectl apply -f .

查看
kubectl get pods -n prom
kubernetes二进制安装和配置（1.11.6）

3 部署prometheus

 cd ../prometheus/
 #prometheus-deploy.yaml
 #删除其中的limit限制，结果如下
 ---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: prometheus-server
  namespace: prom
  labels:
    app: prometheus
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: prometheus
      component: server
    #matchExpressions:
    #- {key: app, operator: In, values: [prometheus]}
    #- {key: component, operator: In, values: [server]}
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: prometheus
        component: server
      annotations:
        prometheus.io/scrape: 'false'
    spec:
      serviceAccountName: prometheus
      containers:
      - name: prometheus
        image: prom/prometheus:v2.2.1
        imagePullPolicy: Always
        command:
          - prometheus
          - --config.file=/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml
          - --storage.tsdb.path=/prometheus
          - --storage.tsdb.retention=720h
        ports:
        - containerPort: 9090
          protocol: TCP
        volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: /etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml
          name: prometheus-config
          subPath: prometheus.yml
        - mountPath: /prometheus/
          name: prometheus-storage-volume
      volumes:
        - name: prometheus-config
          configMap:
            name: prometheus-config
            items:
              - key: prometheus.yml
                path: prometheus.yml
                mode: 0644
        - name: prometheus-storage-volume
          emptyDir: {}

# 部署 
kubectl apply -f .

查看
kubectl get pods -n prom
kubernetes二进制安装和配置（1.11.6）

验证
kubernetes二进制安装和配置（1.11.6）

4 部署 kube-state-metrics （API整合）

cd ../kube-state-metrics/
 kubectl apply -f .

查看部署节点
kubernetes二进制安装和配置（1.11.6）

到指定节点拉取镜像

docker pull quay.io/coreos/kube-state-metrics:v1.3.1
docker   tag quay.io/coreos/kube-state-metrics:v1.3.1   gcr.io/google_containers/kube-state-metrics-amd64:v1.3.1

#重新部署
 kubectl delete -f .
 kubectl apply -f .

查看
kubernetes二进制安装和配置（1.11.6）

5 部署 k8s-prometheus-adapter

准备证书

cd /opt/kubernetes/ssl/
(umask 077;openssl genrsa -out serving.key 2048)
openssl req  -new  -key serving.key -out serving.csr -subj "/CN=serving"
openssl x509 -req -in serving.csr -CA  ./kubelet.crt -CAkey ./kubelet.key -CAcreateserial -out serving.crt -days 3650
kubectl create secret generic cm-adapter-serving-certs --from-file=serving.crt=./serving.crt --from-file=serving.key=./serving.key -n prom

查看
kubectl get secret -n prom
kubernetes二进制安装和配置（1.11.6）

部署资源

cd k8s-prometheus-adapter/
mv custom-metrics-apiserver-deployment.yaml custom-metrics-apiserver-deployment.yaml.bak
 wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/DirectXMan12/k8s-prometheus-adapter/master/deploy/manifests/custom-metrics-apiserver-deployment.yaml
# 修改名称空间
#custom-metrics-apiserver-deployment.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  labels:
    app: custom-metrics-apiserver
  name: custom-metrics-apiserver
  namespace: prom
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: custom-metrics-apiserver
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: custom-metrics-apiserver
      name: custom-metrics-apiserver
    spec:
      serviceAccountName: custom-metrics-apiserver
      containers:
      - name: custom-metrics-apiserver
        image: directxman12/k8s-prometheus-adapter-amd64
        args:
        - --secure-port=6443
        - --tls-cert-file=/var/run/serving-cert/serving.crt
        - --tls-private-key-file=/var/run/serving-cert/serving.key
        - --logtostderr=true
        - --prometheus-url=http://prometheus.prom.svc:9090/
        - --metrics-relist-interval=1m
        - --v=10
        - --config=/etc/adapter/config.yaml
        ports:
        - containerPort: 6443
        volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: /var/run/serving-cert
          name: volume-serving-cert
          readOnly: true
        - mountPath: /etc/adapter/
          name: config
          readOnly: true
        - mountPath: /tmp
          name: tmp-vol
      volumes:
      - name: volume-serving-cert
        secret:
          secretName: cm-adapter-serving-certs
      - name: config
        configMap:
          name: adapter-config
      - name: tmp-vol
        emptyDir: {}

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/DirectXMan12/k8s-prometheus-adapter/master/deploy/manifests/custom-metrics-config-map.yaml

#修改名称空间
#custom-metrics-config-map.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: adapter-config
  namespace: prom
data:
  config.yaml: |
    rules:
    - seriesQuery: '{__name__=~"^container_.*",container_name!="POD",namespace!="",pod_name!=""}'
      seriesFilters: []
      resources:
        overrides:
          namespace:
            resource: namespace
          pod_name:
            resource: pod
      name:
        matches: ^container_(.*)_seconds_total$
        as: ""
      metricsQuery: sum(rate(<<.Series>>{<<.LabelMatchers>>,container_name!="POD"}[1m])) by (<<.GroupBy>>)
    - seriesQuery: '{__name__=~"^container_.*",container_name!="POD",namespace!="",pod_name!=""}'
      seriesFilters:
      - isNot: ^container_.*_seconds_total$
      resources:
        overrides:
          namespace:
            resource: namespace
          pod_name:
            resource: pod
      name:
        matches: ^container_(.*)_total$
        as: ""
      metricsQuery: sum(rate(<<.Series>>{<<.LabelMatchers>>,container_name!="POD"}[1m])) by (<<.GroupBy>>)
    - seriesQuery: '{__name__=~"^container_.*",container_name!="POD",namespace!="",pod_name!=""}'
      seriesFilters:
      - isNot: ^container_.*_total$
      resources:
        overrides:
          namespace:
            resource: namespace
          pod_name:
            resource: pod
      name:
        matches: ^container_(.*)$
        as: ""
      metricsQuery: sum(<<.Series>>{<<.LabelMatchers>>,container_name!="POD"}) by (<<.GroupBy>>)
    - seriesQuery: '{namespace!="",__name__!~"^container_.*"}'
      seriesFilters:
      - isNot: .*_total$
      resources:
        template: <<.Resource>>
      name:
        matches: ""
        as: ""
      metricsQuery: sum(<<.Series>>{<<.LabelMatchers>>}) by (<<.GroupBy>>)
    - seriesQuery: '{namespace!="",__name__!~"^container_.*"}'
      seriesFilters:
      - isNot: .*_seconds_total
      resources:
        template: <<.Resource>>
      name:
        matches: ^(.*)_total$
        as: ""
      metricsQuery: sum(rate(<<.Series>>{<<.LabelMatchers>>}[1m])) by (<<.GroupBy>>)
    - seriesQuery: '{namespace!="",__name__!~"^container_.*"}'
      seriesFilters: []
      resources:
        template: <<.Resource>>
      name:
        matches: ^(.*)_seconds_total$
        as: ""
      metricsQuery: sum(rate(<<.Series>>{<<.LabelMatchers>>}[1m])) by (<<.GroupBy>>)
    resourceRules:
      cpu:
        containerQuery: sum(rate(container_cpu_usage_seconds_total{<<.LabelMatchers>>}[1m])) by (<<.GroupBy>>)
        nodeQuery: sum(rate(container_cpu_usage_seconds_total{<<.LabelMatchers>>, id='/'}[1m])) by (<<.GroupBy>>)
        resources:
          overrides:
            instance:
              resource: node
            namespace:
              resource: namespace
            pod_name:
              resource: pod
        containerLabel: container_name
      memory:
        containerQuery: sum(container_memory_working_set_bytes{<<.LabelMatchers>>}) by (<<.GroupBy>>)
        nodeQuery: sum(container_memory_working_set_bytes{<<.LabelMatchers>>,id='/'}) by (<<.GroupBy>>)
        resources:
          overrides:
            instance:
              resource: node
            namespace:
              resource: namespace
            pod_name:
              resource: pod
        containerLabel: container_name
      window: 1m

部署

kubectl apply -f custom-metrics-config-map.yaml

kubectl apply -f  .

查看
kubernetes二进制安装和配置（1.11.6）

3 部署grafana

1 下载相关配置文件

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes-retired/heapster/master/deploy/kube-config/influxdb/grafana.yaml

2 修改配置文件

1 修改名称空间
kubernetes二进制安装和配置（1.11.6）
2 修改器默认使用的存储

3 修改service名称空间

4 修改nodeport 以供外网访问

5 配置文件如下：
#grafana.yaml

apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: monitoring-grafana
  namespace: prom
spec:
  replicas: 1
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        task: monitoring
        k8s-app: grafana
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: grafana
        image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/heapster-grafana-amd64:v5.0.4
        ports:
        - containerPort: 3000
          protocol: TCP
        volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: /etc/ssl/certs
          name: ca-certificates
          readOnly: true
        - mountPath: /var
          name: grafana-storage
        env:
#        - name: INFLUXDB_HOST
#          value: monitoring-influxdb
        - name: GF_SERVER_HTTP_PORT
          value: "3000"
          # The following env variables are required to make Grafana accessible via
          # the kubernetes api-server proxy. On production clusters, we recommend
          # removing these env variables, setup auth for grafana, and expose the grafana
          # service using a LoadBalancer or a public IP.
        - name: GF_AUTH_BASIC_ENABLED
          value: "false"
        - name: GF_AUTH_ANONYMOUS_ENABLED
          value: "true"
        - name: GF_AUTH_ANONYMOUS_ORG_ROLE
          value: Admin
        - name: GF_SERVER_ROOT_URL
          # If you're only using the API Server proxy, set this value instead:
          # value: /api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/monitoring-grafana/proxy
          value: /
      volumes:
      - name: ca-certificates
        hostPath:
          path: /etc/ssl/certs
      - name: grafana-storage
        emptyDir: {}
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  labels:
    # For use as a Cluster add-on (https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/tree/master/cluster/addons)
    # If you are NOT using this as an addon, you should comment out this line.
    kubernetes.io/cluster-service: 'true'
    kubernetes.io/name: monitoring-grafana
  name: monitoring-grafana
  namespace: prom
spec:
  # In a production setup, we recommend accessing Grafana through an external Loadbalancer
  # or through a public IP.
  # type: LoadBalancer
  # You could also use NodePort to expose the service at a randomly-generated port
  # type: NodePort
  ports:
  - port: 80
    targetPort: 3000
  selector:
    k8s-app: grafana
  type: NodePort