Sqlserver中怎么修改在线表的表字段类型

这篇文章给大家介绍Sqlserver中怎么修改在线表的表字段类型，内容非常详细，感兴趣的小伙伴们可以参考借鉴，希望对大家能有所帮助。

原本很多字段都是nvarchar类型，因为nvarchar类型的字段无法添加索引，所以要在线把表的字段类型修改为varchar。
执行脚本如下：
BEGIN TRANSACTION
SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
SET ARITHABORT ON
SET NUMERIC_ROUNDABORT OFF
SET CONCAT_NULL_YIELDS_NULL ON
SET ANSI_NULLS ON
SET ANSI_PADDING ON
SET ANSI_WARNINGS ON
COMMIT
BEGIN TRANSACTION
GO
CREATE TABLE dbo.Tmp_events
(
id int NOT NULL IDENTITY (1, 1),
transaction_id varchar(255) NULL,
trans_no varchar(255) NULL,
broker varchar(32) NULL,
code varchar(100) NULL,
consumer_id varchar(255) NULL,
consumer_code varchar(100) NULL,
consumer_name nvarchar(255) NULL,
description varchar(100) NULL,
comment nvarchar(255) NULL,
execution_group varchar(50) NULL,
input_ts bigint NOT NULL,
output_ts bigint NOT NULL,
provider_id varchar(100) NULL,
provider_code varchar(50) NULL,
provider_name nvarchar(255) NULL,
request_body nvarchar(MAX) NULL,
request_header nvarchar(MAX) NULL,
request_ts bigint NOT NULL,
response_body nvarchar(MAX) NULL,
response_header nvarchar(MAX) NULL,
response_ts bigint NOT NULL,
service_id varchar(50) NULL,
service_code varchar(50) NULL,
service_name nvarchar(255) NULL,
service_version varchar(50) NULL,
service_url varchar(255) NULL,
category_name varchar(50) NULL,
source varchar(50) NULL,
type varchar(50) NULL
)  ON [PRIMARY]
TEXTIMAGE_ON [PRIMARY]
GO
ALTER TABLE dbo.Tmp_events SET (LOCK_ESCALATION = TABLE)
GO
SET IDENTITY_INSERT dbo.Tmp_events ON
GO
IF EXISTS(SELECT * FROM dbo.events)
EXEC('INSERT INTO dbo.Tmp_events (id, transaction_id, trans_no, broker, code, consumer_id, consumer_code, consumer_name, description, comment, execution_group, input_ts, output_ts, provider_id, provider_code, provider_name, request_body, request_header, request_ts, response_body, response_header, response_ts, service_id, service_code, service_name, service_version, service_url, category_name, source, type)
SELECT id, CONVERT(varchar(255), transaction_id), CONVERT(varchar(255), trans_no), CONVERT(varchar(32), broker), CONVERT(varchar(100), code), CONVERT(varchar(255), consumer_id), CONVERT(varchar(100), consumer_code), CONVERT(nvarchar(255), consumer_name), CONVERT(varchar(100), description), CONVERT(nvarchar(255), comment), CONVERT(varchar(50), execution_group), input_ts, output_ts, CONVERT(varchar(100), provider_id), CONVERT(varchar(50), provider_code), CONVERT(nvarchar(255), provider_name), request_body, request_header, request_ts, response_body, response_header, response_ts, CONVERT(varchar(50), service_id), CONVERT(varchar(50), service_code), CONVERT(nvarchar(255), service_name), CONVERT(varchar(50), service_version), CONVERT(varchar(255), service_url), CONVERT(varchar(50), category_name), CONVERT(varchar(50), source), CONVERT(varchar(50), type) FROM dbo.events WITH (HOLDLOCK TABLOCKX)')
GO
SET IDENTITY_INSERT dbo.Tmp_events OFF
GO
DROP TABLE dbo.events
GO
EXECUTE sp_rename N'dbo.Tmp_events', N'events', 'OBJECT' 
GO
ALTER TABLE dbo.events ADD CONSTRAINT
PK__esb_even__3213E83FA9B6FB29 PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED 
(
id
) WITH( STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON [PRIMARY]


GO
COMMIT

可以看出，sqlserver进行修改表字段类型其实就是建立一个新表，把老表的数据转换类型后插入到新表，然后drop掉老表。
再对新表的字段添加索引即可。

因为整个过程是在一个事务中进行的，所以会锁表。

测试下来。
在非业务繁忙期的一个在线表369W条左右的数据量，整个在线修改表字段类型消耗了14分32秒。

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