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MongoDB日常运维-01常用命令汇总

发布时间：2020-08-15 10:53:37 作者：chenoracle
来源：ITPUB博客 阅读：195

MongoDB常用命令汇总(一)

---增，删，改，查

一：增(insert)

二：删(delete)

三：改(update)

四：查(select) 

---连接数据库

[mongo@cjc bin]$ pwd

/usr/local/mongodb/bin

[mongo@cjc bin]$ ./mongo --port 27017

---创建新数据库cjcdb和cjctest

MongoDB Enterprise > use cjcdb

---插入数据，才会创建数据库

MongoDB Enterprise > db.tab01.insert({"time":"2018-11-25 18:20"})

MongoDB Enterprise > use cjctest

MongoDB Enterprise > db.tab01.insert({"time":"2018-11-25 18:21"})

---查看有哪些数据库

MongoDB Enterprise > show dbs

...

cjcdb           0.000GB

cjctest         0.000GB

---MongoDB 删除数据库cjctest

MongoDB Enterprise > use cjctest

switched to db cjctest

---查看当前连接的数据库

MongoDB Enterprise > db

cjctest

---删除数据库(谨慎操作)

MongoDB Enterprise > db.dropDatabase()

{ "dropped" : "cjctest", "ok" : 1 }

---MongoDB 创建集合

MongoDB Enterprise > use cjcdb

switched to db cjcdb

MongoDB Enterprise > db.createCollection("tab02")

{ "ok" : 1 }

MongoDB Enterprise > db.createCollection("tab03")

{ "ok" : 1 }

在 MongoDB 中，你不需要创建集合。当你插入一些文档时，MongoDB 会自动创建集合。

MongoDB Enterprise > db.tab05.insert({"id":"123456"})

WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })

MongoDB Enterprise > show collections

tab01

tab02

tab03

tab05

......

================

一：增(insert)

================

插入文档

MongoDB 使用 insert() 或 save() 方法向集合中插入文档：

MongoDB Enterprise > use cjcdb

switched to db cjcdb

MongoDB Enterprise > db

cjcdb

MongoDB Enterprise >

db.tab02.insert({id:1, name:'a'})

db.tab02.insert({id:1, name:'ab'})

db.tab02.insert({id:1, name:'cae'})

db.tab02.insert({id:2, name:'b'})

db.tab02.insert({id:3, name:'c'})

db.tab02.insert({id:4, name:'d'})

db.tab02.insert({id:5, name:'e'})

db.tab02.insert({id:6, name:'f'})

db.tab02.insert({id:7, name:'g'})

db.tab02.insert({id:8, name:'h'})

db.tab02.insert({id:9, name:'i'})

db.tab02.insert({id:10, name:'j'})

db.tab02.insert({id:10, name:'h'})

db.tab02.insert({id:10, name:'i'})

db.tab02.insert({id:10,c100:'h',c200:'f',c300:'业精于勤'})

db.tab02.insert({ccc:10,c10:'h',c20:'f',c30:'行成于思'})

---我们也可以将数据定义为一个变量，如下所示：

MongoDB Enterprise > document=({title: 'blog.itpub', 

...     description: 'chenoracleblog-chenjuchao',

...     by: 'mongo test',

...     url: 'http://blog.itpub.net/29785807/'

... })

MongoDB Enterprise > db.tab02.insert(document)

=================

二：删(delete)

=================

---delete

MongoDB remove()函数是用来移除集合中的数据。

MongoDB数据更新可以使用update()函数。在执行remove()函数前先执行find()命令来判断执行的条件是否正确，这是一个比较好的习惯

MongoDB Enterprise > db

cjcdb

---删除tab02表中id=10的数据

MongoDB Enterprise > db.tab02.find({id:10})

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfacc790063f23910737472"), "id" : 10, "name" : "j" }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfacc790063f23910737473"), "id" : 10, "name" : "h" }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfacc790063f23910737474"), "id" : 10, "name" : "i" }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfacc790063f23910737475"), "id" : 10, "c100" : "h", "c200" : "f", "c300" : "业精于勤" }

MongoDB Enterprise > 

MongoDB Enterprise > db.tab02.remove({id:10})

WriteResult({ "nRemoved" : 4 })

---remove() 方法已经过时了，现在官方推荐使用 deleteOne() 和 deleteMany() 方法。

删除 id 等于 1 的第一个文档：

MongoDB Enterprise > db.tab02.find({id:1})

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfacc790063f23910737467"), "id" : 1, "name" : "a" }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfacc790063f23910737468"), "id" : 1, "name" : "ab" }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfacc790063f23910737469"), "id" : 1, "name" : "cae" }

MongoDB Enterprise > db.tab02.deleteOne({id:1})

{ "acknowledged" : true, "deletedCount" : 1 }

MongoDB Enterprise > db.tab02.find({id:1})

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfacc790063f23910737468"), "id" : 1, "name" : "ab" }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfacc790063f23910737469"), "id" : 1, "name" : "cae" }

---删除 id 等于 1 的全部文档：

MongoDB Enterprise > db.tab02.deleteMany({id:1})

{ "acknowledged" : true, "deletedCount" : 2 }

MongoDB Enterprise > db.tab02.find({id:1})

MongoDB Enterprise > 

---如删除集合下全部文档：

---truncate table ......

MongoDB Enterprise > db.tab02.find()

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfacc790063f2391073746a"), "id" : 2, "name" : "b" }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfacc790063f2391073746b"), "id" : 3, "name" : "c" }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfacc790063f2391073746c"), "id" : 4, "name" : "d" }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfacc790063f2391073746d"), "id" : 5, "name" : "e" }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfacc790063f2391073746e"), "id" : 6, "name" : "f" }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfacc790063f2391073746f"), "id" : 7, "name" : "g" }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfacc790063f23910737470"), "id" : 8, "name" : "h" }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfacc790063f23910737471"), "id" : 9, "name" : "i" }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfacc7a0063f23910737476"), "ccc" : 10, "c10" : "h", "c20" : "f", "c30" : "行成于思" }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfaccb10063f23910737477"), "title" : "blog.itpub", "description" : "chenoracleblog", "by" : "mongo test", "url" : "http://blog.itpub.net/29785807/" }

MongoDB Enterprise > db.tab02.deleteMany({})

{ "acknowledged" : true, "deletedCount" : 10 }

MongoDB Enterprise > db.tab02.find()

MongoDB Enterprise > 

---删除集合

---drop table ......

MongoDB Enterprise > show collections

tab01

tab02

tab03

MongoDB Enterprise > db.tab02.drop()

true

MongoDB Enterprise > show collections

tab01

tab03

===============

三：改(update)

===============

---MongoDB 更新文档

MongoDB 使用 update() 和 save() 方法来更新集合中的文档。

MongoDB Enterprise > db.tab05.find({'id':1})

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfafab30063f23910737478"), "id" : 1, "name" : "a" }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfafab30063f23910737479"), "id" : 1, "name" : "aa" }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfafab30063f2391073747a"), "id" : 1, "name" : "aaa" }

---更改符合条件的第一条数据

MongoDB Enterprise > db.tab05.update({'id':1},{$set:{name:'chenjuchao'}})

WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })

MongoDB Enterprise > db.tab05.find({'id':1})

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfafab30063f23910737478"), "id" : 1, "name" : "chenjuchao" }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfafab30063f23910737479"), "id" : 1, "name" : "aa" }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfafab30063f2391073747a"), "id" : 1, "name" : "aaa" }

---multi:true更改符合条件的所有数据

MongoDB Enterprise > db.tab05.update({'id':1},{$set:{name:'chenjuchao'}},{multi:true})

WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 3, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 2 })

MongoDB Enterprise > db.tab05.find({'id':1})

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfafab30063f23910737478"), "id" : 1, "name" : "chenjuchao" }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfafab30063f23910737479"), "id" : 1, "name" : "chenjuchao" }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfafab30063f2391073747a"), "id" : 1, "name" : "chenjuchao" }

================

四：查(select)

================

1 (!=)不等于 - $ne

2 (in)包含 - $in

3 (not in) - $nin 不包含

4 (>) 大于 - $gt

5 (>=) 大于等于 - $gte

6 (<) 小于 - $lt

7 (<= ) 小于等于 - $lte

8 模糊查询

9 AND

10 OR 

11 Limit

12 Skip

13 Sort

14 count 

---插入测试数据

---以易读的方式来读取数据，可以使用 pretty() 方法

MongoDB Enterprise> 

db.tab01.insert({name:'a',age:'10'})

db.tab01.insert({name:'ab',age:'10'})

db.tab01.insert({name:'bac',age:'10'})

db.tab01.insert({name:'d',age:'12'})

db.tab01.insert({name:'e',age:'13'})

db.tab01.insert({name:'aaa',age:'14'})

db.tab01.insert({name:'f',age:'15'})

db.tab01.insert({name:'g',age:'16'})

db.tab01.insert({name:'a',age:'17'})

db.tab01.insert({name:'a',age:'18'})

db.tab01.insert({name:'a',age:19})

db.tab01.insert({name:'a',age:20})

---查看全部

MongoDB Enterprise> db.tab01.find()

---加pretty()更易读

db.tab01.find().pretty()

=====

等于

=====

MongoDB Enterprise> db.tab01.find({age:20})

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfccbc636850458dff055b0"), "name" : "a", "age" : 20 }

MongoDB Enterprise> db.tab01.find({age:'20'})

MongoDB Enterprise> 

MongoDB Enterprise> db.tab01.find({age:'10'})

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfcc7b036850458dff055a5"), "name" : "a", "age" : "10" }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfcc7b036850458dff055a6"), "name" : "ab", "age" : "10" }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfcc7b036850458dff055a7"), "name" : "bac", "age" : "10" }

MongoDB Enterprise> db.tab01.find({age:10})

MongoDB Enterprise>

====================

1 (!=)不等于 - $ne 

====================

MongoDB Enterprise> db.tab01.find({name:{$ne:'a'}});

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfcc7b036850458dff055a6"), "name" : "ab", "age" : "10" }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfcc7b036850458dff055a7"), "name" : "bac", "age" : "10" }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfcc7b036850458dff055a8"), "name" : "d", "age" : "12" }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfcc7b036850458dff055a9"), "name" : "e", "age" : "13" }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfcc7b036850458dff055aa"), "name" : "aaa", "age" : "14" }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfcc7b036850458dff055ab"), "name" : "f", "age" : "15" }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfcc7b036850458dff055ac"), "name" : "g", "age" : "16" }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfcf37936850458dff055b1"), "name" : "nba", "age" : 21 }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfcf37936850458dff055b2"), "name" : "cba", "age" : 21 }

==================

2 (in)包含 - $in

==================

MongoDB Enterprise> db.tab01.find({name:{$in:['cba','nba']}});

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfcf37936850458dff055b1"), "name" : "nba", "age" : 21 }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfcf37936850458dff055b2"), "name" : "cba", "age" : 21 }

=========================

3 (not in) - $nin 不包含

=========================

MongoDB Enterprise> db.tab01.find({age:{$nin:['10','12','13','14','15',21]}});

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfcc7b036850458dff055ac"), "name" : "g", "age" : "16" }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfcc7b036850458dff055ad"), "name" : "a", "age" : "17" }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfcc7b136850458dff055ae"), "name" : "a", "age" : "18" }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfccbc536850458dff055af"), "name" : "a", "age" : 19 }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfccbc636850458dff055b0"), "name" : "a", "age" : 20 }

=================

4 (>) 大于 - $gt 

=================

MongoDB Enterprise> db.tab01.find({age:{$gt:'17'}})

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfcc7b136850458dff055ae"), "name" : "a", "age" : "18" }

========================

5 (>=) 大于等于 - $gte

========================

MongoDB Enterprise> db.tab01.find({age:{$gte:'17'}})

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfcc7b036850458dff055ad"), "name" : "a", "age" : "17" }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfcc7b136850458dff055ae"), "name" : "a", "age" : "18" }

========================

6 (<) 小于 - $lt

========================

MongoDB Enterprise> db.tab01.find({age:{$lt:'12'}})

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfcc7b036850458dff055a5"), "name" : "a", "age" : "10" }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfcc7b036850458dff055a6"), "name" : "ab", "age" : "10" }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfcc7b036850458dff055a7"), "name" : "bac", "age" : "10" }

========================

7 (<= ) 小于等于 - $lte

========================

MongoDB Enterprise> db.tab01.find({age:{$lte:'12'}})

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfcc7b036850458dff055a5"), "name" : "a", "age" : "10" }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfcc7b036850458dff055a6"), "name" : "ab", "age" : "10" }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfcc7b036850458dff055a7"), "name" : "bac", "age" : "10" }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfcc7b036850458dff055a8"), "name" : "d", "age" : "12" }

============

8 模糊查询

============

---查询 name 包含"a"的文档：

MongoDB Enterprise> db.tab01.find({name:/a/})

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfcc7b036850458dff055a5"), "name" : "a", "age" : "10" }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfcc7b036850458dff055a6"), "name" : "ab", "age" : "10" }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfcc7b036850458dff055a7"), "name" : "bac", "age" : "10" }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfcc7b036850458dff055aa"), "name" : "aaa", "age" : "14" }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfcc7b036850458dff055ad"), "name" : "a", "age" : "17" }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfcc7b136850458dff055ae"), "name" : "a", "age" : "18" }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfccbc536850458dff055af"), "name" : "a", "age" : 19 }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfccbc636850458dff055b0"), "name" : "a", "age" : 20 }

---查询 name 字段以"a"开头的文档：

MongoDB Enterprise> db.tab01.find({name:/^a/})

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfcc7b036850458dff055a5"), "name" : "a", "age" : "10" }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfcc7b036850458dff055a6"), "name" : "ab", "age" : "10" }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfcc7b036850458dff055aa"), "name" : "aaa", "age" : "14" }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfcc7b036850458dff055ad"), "name" : "a", "age" : "17" }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfcc7b136850458dff055ae"), "name" : "a", "age" : "18" }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfccbc536850458dff055af"), "name" : "a", "age" : 19 }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfccbc636850458dff055b0"), "name" : "a", "age" : 20 }

---查询 name 字段以"a"结尾的文档：

---db.tab01.insert({name:'nba',age:21})

---db.tab01.insert({name:'cba',age:21})

MongoDB Enterprise> db.tab01.find({name:/a$/})

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfcc7b036850458dff055a5"), "name" : "a", "age" : "10" }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfcc7b036850458dff055aa"), "name" : "aaa", "age" : "14" }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfcc7b036850458dff055ad"), "name" : "a", "age" : "17" }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfcc7b136850458dff055ae"), "name" : "a", "age" : "18" }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfccbc536850458dff055af"), "name" : "a", "age" : 19 }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfccbc636850458dff055b0"), "name" : "a", "age" : 20 }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfcf37936850458dff055b1"), "name" : "nba", "age" : 21 }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfcf37936850458dff055b2"), "name" : "cba", "age" : 21 }

=======

9 AND 

=======

MongoDB 的 find() 方法可以传入多个键(key)，每个键(key)以逗号隔开，即常规 SQL 的 AND 条件。

语法格式如下：

MongoDB Enterprise> db.tab01.find({name:'a', age:20})

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfccbc636850458dff055b0"), "name" : "a", "age" : 20 }

MongoDB Enterprise> db.tab01.find({name:'a',age:{$gt:18}})

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfccbc536850458dff055af"), "name" : "a", "age" : 19 }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfccbc636850458dff055b0"), "name" : "a", "age" : 20 }

=======

10 OR 

=======

MongoDB OR 条件语句使用了关键字 $or：

MongoDB Enterprise> db.tab01.find({$or:[{name:'nba'},{age:'12'}]})

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfcc7b036850458dff055a8"), "name" : "d", "age" : "12" }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfcf37936850458dff055b1"), "name" : "nba", "age" : 21 }

---AND 和 OR 联合使用

MongoDB Enterprise> db.tab01.find({name:'a',$or:[{age:'18'},{age:20}]})

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfcc7b136850458dff055ae"), "name" : "a", "age" : "18" }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfccbc636850458dff055b0"), "name" : "a", "age" : 20 }

==========

11 Limit

==========

MongoDB Limit() 方法

如果你需要在MongoDB中读取指定数量的数据记录，可以使用MongoDB的Limit方法，limit()方法接受一个数字参数，该参数指定从MongoDB中读取的记录条数。

limit()方法基本语法如下所示：

MongoDB Enterprise> db.tab01.find({age:'10'}).limit(1)

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfcc7b036850458dff055a5"), "name" : "a", "age" : "10" }

MongoDB Enterprise> db.tab01.find().limit(2)

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfcc7b036850458dff055a5"), "name" : "a", "age" : "10" }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfcc7b036850458dff055a6"), "name" : "ab", "age" : "10" }

=========

12 Skip

=========

MongoDB Skip() 方法

我们除了可以使用limit()方法来读取指定数量的数据外，还可以使用skip()方法来跳过指定数量的数据，skip方法同样接受一个数字参数作为跳过的记录条数。

注:skip()方法默认参数为 0 。

skip() 方法脚本语法格式如下：

>db.COLLECTION_NAME.find().limit(NUMBER).skip(NUMBER)

实例

以下实例只会显示第二条文档数据

MongoDB Enterprise> db.tab01.find({age:'10'}).limit(1).skip(2)

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfcc7b036850458dff055a7"), "name" : "bac", "age" : "10" }

=======================

13 MongoDB 排序 Sort

=======================

skip(), limilt(), sort()三个放在一起执行的时候，执行的顺序是先 sort(), 然后是 skip()，最后是显示的 limit()。

MongoDB sort() 方法

在 MongoDB 中使用 sort() 方法对数据进行排序，sort() 方法可以通过参数指定排序的字段，并使用 1 和 -1 来指定排序的方式，其中 1 为升序排列，而 -1 是用于降序排列。

语法

sort()方法基本语法如下所示：

>db.COLLECTION_NAME.find().sort({KEY:1})

实例

---升序

MongoDB Enterprise> db.tab01.find().sort({age:1})

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfccbc536850458dff055af"), "name" : "a", "age" : 19 }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfccbc636850458dff055b0"), "name" : "a", "age" : 20 }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfcf37936850458dff055b1"), "name" : "nba", "age" : 21 }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfcf37936850458dff055b2"), "name" : "cba", "age" : 21 }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfcc7b036850458dff055a5"), "name" : "a", "age" : "10" }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfcc7b036850458dff055a8"), "name" : "d", "age" : "12" }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfcc7b036850458dff055a9"), "name" : "e", "age" : "13" }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfcc7b036850458dff055aa"), "name" : "aaa", "age" : "14" }

......

---降序

MongoDB Enterprise> db.tab01.find().sort({age:-1})

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfcc7b136850458dff055ae"), "name" : "a", "age" : "18" }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfcc7b036850458dff055ad"), "name" : "a", "age" : "17" }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfcc7b036850458dff055ac"), "name" : "g", "age" : "16" }

......

---取age最大值

MongoDB Enterprise> db.tab01.find().sort({age:-1}).limit(1)

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfcc7b136850458dff055ae"), "name" : "a", "age" : "18" }

---取age最二大值

MongoDB Enterprise> db.tab01.find().sort({age:-1}).limit(1).skip(1)

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfcc7b036850458dff055ad"), "name" : "a", "age" : "17" }

---取age最三大值

MongoDB Enterprise> db.tab01.find().sort({age:-1}).limit(1).skip(2)

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bfcc7b036850458dff055ac"), "name" : "g", "age" : "16" }

======================

14 count查询记录条数

======================

使用count()方法查询表中的记录条数，例如，下面的命令查询表users的记录数量：

MongoDB Enterprise> db.tab01.find().count();

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MongoDB日常运维-01常用命令汇总

MongoDB日常运维-01常用命令汇总


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mongodb 命令 常用

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