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这篇文章主要讲解了“Oracle归档日志管理的方法有哪些”，文中的讲解内容简单清晰，易于学习与理解，下面请大家跟着小编的思路慢慢深入，一起来研究和学习“Oracle归档日志管理的方法有哪些”吧！
一般情况下，数据库安装时选择的是默认NOARCHIVELOG模式。如果要开启ARCHIVELOG模式，则需要为归档日志路径设置初始化参数。
归档日志路径可以配置一个也可以配置多个。路径可以是本地路径，如本地文件系统，ASM磁盘组；也可以是远程路径，如备份数据库。设置多个归档日志路径，可以对归档日志做冗余，即使有一个目标盘损坏，也可以保证归档日志是可用的。
在配置参数时，归档日志的路径可以动态修改，在下一次日志切换的时候生效。
这里给出3种常用的归档路径的设置方案：单一归档路径方案、两路归档路径方案和多路归档路径的方案。
如果只设置单一的归档目录，默认使用db_recovery_file_dest参数，使用Fast Recovery Area存放归档数据；也可手工配置log_archive_dest初始化参数，可以配置为本地文件系统，ASM磁盘组。使用log_archive_dest_n参数的方法在第三种方案进行讨论。
具体操作如下：
--如果使用fast recovery area存放归档日志，需要注意该区域有大小限制，建议将大小调大 SYS@cams> show parameter db_recovery_file_dest NAME TYPE VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------ db_recovery_file_dest string /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_ area db_recovery_file_dest_size big integer 4182M SYS@cams> alter system set db_recovery_file_dest_size=10G; System altered. SYS@cams> show parameter db_recovery_file_dest NAME TYPE VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------ db_recovery_file_dest string /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_ area db_recovery_file_dest_size big integer 10G
--如果使用本地路径存放归档日志，需要将db_recovery_file_dest参数置空，然后设置log_archive_dest参数。这里给出的是本地文件系统例子，读者可自行测试ASM磁盘组。 SYS@cams> alter system set db_recovery_file_dest=''; System altered. SYS@cams> alter system set log_archive_dest='/u01/app/oracle/archive'; System altered.
需要将LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n和DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST参数置空，以免出现如下问题：
SYS@cams> alter system set log_archive_dest='LOCATION=USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST'; alter system set log_archive_dest='LOCATION=USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST' * ERROR at line 1: ORA-02097: parameter cannot be modified because specified value is invalid ORA-16018: cannot use LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST with LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n or DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
此时，可以看到trace日志的变化，LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1的默认值自动调整过程。其中，在使用Fast Recovery Area归档的情况下，LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1的默认值为USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST。
Tue Dec 18 17:48:24 2018 ALTER SYSTEM SET db_recovery_file_dest_size='10G' SCOPE=BOTH; Tue Dec 18 17:52:13 2018 Cleared LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1 parameter default value Using LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1 parameter default value as /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch ALTER SYSTEM SET db_recovery_file_dest='' SCOPE=BOTH; Tue Dec 18 17:52:28 2018 ALTER SYSTEM SET log_archive_dest='/u01/app/oracle/archive' SCOPE=BOTH;
--首先创建新的归档路径 [oracle@XLJ181 trace]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/archive
--此时对日志进行切换，触发写归档日志 SYS@cams> alter system switch logfile; System altered.
--查看新生成的归档日志 [oracle@XLJ181 trace]$ ll /u01/app/oracle/archive total 11960 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 12244992 Dec 18 17:57 1_25_994950965.dbf
trace日志中也可以看到LGWR switch操作
Tue Dec 18 17:57:10 2018 Thread 1 cannot allocate new log, sequence 26 Private strand flush not complete Current log# 1 seq# 25 mem# 0: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/cams/redo01.log Thread 1 advanced to log sequence 26 (LGWR switch) Current log# 2 seq# 26 mem# 0: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/cams/redo02.log Tue Dec 18 17:57:10 2018 Archived Log entry 20 added for thread 1 sequence 25 ID 0x9e3b45f3 dest 1:
如果要设置两路归档路径，常用的方案是配置log_archive_dest和log_archive_duplex_dest参数。用log_archive_dest_n参数的方法在第三种方案进行讨论。
具体操作如下：
--创建新的归档路径 [oracle@XLJ181 trace]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/archive1
--设置log_archive_duplex_dest参数路径并切换日志触发写归档日志 SYS@cams> alter system set log_archive_duplex_dest='/u01/app/oracle/archive1'; System altered. SYS@cams> alter system switch logfile; System altered.
--查看新生成的归档日志文件，显然新生成的归档大小和文件名一致。两份归档日志互为冗余。 [oracle@XLJ181 trace]$ ll /u01/app/oracle/archive total 15704 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 12244992 Dec 18 17:57 1_25_994950965.dbf -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 3830272 Dec 18 18:30 1_26_994950965.dbf [oracle@XLJ181 trace]$ ll /u01/app/oracle/archive1 total 3744 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 3830272 Dec 18 18:30 1_26_994950965.dbf
查看trace日志，可以看到LGWR switch操作，然后分别在两个目录下写归档。
Tue Dec 18 18:30:01 2018 Thread 1 cannot allocate new log, sequence 27 Private strand flush not complete Current log# 2 seq# 26 mem# 0: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/cams/redo02.log Thread 1 advanced to log sequence 27 (LGWR switch) Current log# 3 seq# 27 mem# 0: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/cams/redo03.log Tue Dec 18 18:30:02 2018 Archived Log entry 21 added for thread 1 sequence 26 ID 0x9e3b45f3 dest 1: Archived Log entry 22 added for thread 1 sequence 26 ID 0x9e3b45f3 dest 2:
如果要设置多路归档路径，需要使用log_archive_dest_n参数，其中，n的取值为1到31的整数，也就是说，可以指定1到31个独立的路径作为归档日志的路径。
log_archive_dest_n参数的取值可以选择LOCATION或SERVIDE关键字。如果使用LOCATION关键字，可以选择本地文件系统、ASM磁盘组或USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST代表的闪回恢复区；如果使用SERVICE关键字，可以选择备库的网络连接标识符连接备份数据库。
具体操作如下：
--创建本地归档目录 [oracle@XLJ181 admin]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/archive2 [oracle@XLJ181 admin]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/archive3
--配置log_archive_dest_n参数 SYS@cams> alter system set log_archive_duplex_dest=''; System altered. SYS@cams> alter system set log_archive_dest=''; System altered. SYS@cams> alter system set log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST'; System altered. SYS@cams> alter system set log_archive_dest_2='LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/archive2'; System altered. SYS@cams> alter system set log_archive_dest_3='LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/archive3'; System altered.
需要注意置空的顺序，以免出现如下错误
SYS@cams> alter system set log_archive_dest=''; alter system set log_archive_dest='' * ERROR at line 1: ORA-02097: parameter cannot be modified because specified value is invalid ORA-16022: LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST cannot be NULL because LOG_ARCHIVE_DUPLEX_DEST is non-NULL
需要将LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST和LOG_ARCHIVE_DUPLEX_DEST参数置空，以免出现如下问题：
SYS@cams> alter system set log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST'; alter system set log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST' * ERROR at line 1: ORA-02097: parameter cannot be modified because specified value is invalid ORA-16019: cannot use LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1 with LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST or LOG_ARCHIVE_DUPLEX_DEST
--切换日志，触发写归档日志 SYS@cams> alter system switch logfile; System altered.
查看新生成的归档日志文件，显然新生成的归档大小和文件名一致。两份归档日志互为冗余。
[oracle@XLJ181 admin]$ ll /u01/app/oracle/archive2 total 5440 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 4416512 Dec 18 19:09 1_27_994950965.dbf -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1148416 Dec 18 19:23 1_28_994950965.dbf [oracle@XLJ181 admin]$ ll /u01/app/oracle/archive3 total 5440 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 4416512 Dec 18 19:09 1_27_994950965.dbf -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1148416 Dec 18 19:23 1_28_994950965.dbf
查看trace日志，看到错误提示，提示DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST未设置值
Tue Dec 18 19:23:59 2018 Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/cams/cams/trace/cams_arc3_29341.trc: ORA-19801: initialization parameter DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST is not set Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/cams/cams/trace/cams_arc3_29341.trc: ORA-16032: parameter LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1 destination string cannot be translated ORA-19801: initialization parameter DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST is not set Archived Log entry 25 added for thread 1 sequence 28 ID 0x9e3b45f3 dest 2: Archived Log entry 26 added for thread 1 sequence 28 ID 0x9e3b45f3 dest 3:
为DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST参数配置数值，切换日志
SYS@cams> alter system set DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST='/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area'; System altered. SYS@cams> alter system switch logfile; System altered. SYS@cams> alter system switch logfile; System altered.
查看trace日志信息，最后可看到同时写入了3个归档路径
Tue Dec 18 19:27:58 2018 ********************************************************** WARNING: Files may exists in db_recovery_file_dest that are not known to the database. Use the RMAN command CATALOG RECOVERY AREA to re-catalog any such files. If files cannot be cataloged, then manually delete them using OS command. One of the following events caused this: 1. A backup controlfile was restored. 2. A standby controlfile was restored. 3. The controlfile was re-created. 4. db_recovery_file_dest had previously been enabled and then disabled. ********************************************************** ALTER SYSTEM SET db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area' SCOPE=BOTH; Tue Dec 18 19:27:58 2018 db_recovery_file_dest_size of 10240 MB is 5.63% used. This is a user-specified limit on the amount of space that will be used by this database for recovery-related files, and does not reflect the amount of space available in the underlying filesystem or ASM diskgroup. Tue Dec 18 19:28:01 2018 Thread 1 cannot allocate new log, sequence 30 Private strand flush not complete Current log# 2 seq# 29 mem# 0: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/cams/redo02.log Thread 1 advanced to log sequence 30 (LGWR switch) Current log# 3 seq# 30 mem# 0: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/cams/redo03.log Tue Dec 18 19:28:01 2018 Archived Log entry 27 added for thread 1 sequence 29 ID 0x9e3b45f3 dest 2: Archived Log entry 28 added for thread 1 sequence 29 ID 0x9e3b45f3 dest 3: Tue Dec 18 19:33:38 2018 Thread 1 cannot allocate new log, sequence 31 Private strand flush not complete Current log# 3 seq# 30 mem# 0: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/cams/redo03.log Thread 1 advanced to log sequence 31 (LGWR switch) Current log# 1 seq# 31 mem# 0: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/cams/redo01.log Tue Dec 18 19:33:39 2018 Expanded controlfile section 11 from 28 to 62 records Requested to grow by 34 records; added 2 blocks of records Archived Log entry 29 added for thread 1 sequence 30 ID 0x9e3b45f3 dest 1: Archived Log entry 30 added for thread 1 sequence 30 ID 0x9e3b45f3 dest 2: Archived Log entry 31 added for thread 1 sequence 30 ID 0x9e3b45f3 dest 3:
感谢各位的阅读，以上就是“Oracle归档日志管理的方法有哪些”的内容了，经过本文的学习后，相信大家对Oracle归档日志管理的方法有哪些这一问题有了更深刻的体会，具体使用情况还需要大家实践验证。这里是亿速云，小编将为大家推送更多相关知识点的文章，欢迎关注！
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