MySQL如何配置安全性、易用性

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一、设定管理员用户和密码

清除不安全的用户信息，设定管理员用户为system，密码为mysql。
具体操作步骤如下：

[mysql@JY-DB ~]$ mysql

Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 1

Server version: 5.6.30-log JSS for mysqltest

Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

(root@localhost)[(none)]>

(root@localhost)[(none)]> select user, host from mysql.user;

+------+----------------+

| user | host           |

+------+----------------+

| root | 127.0.0.1      |

| root | ::1            |

|      | jy-db          |

| root | jy-db          |

|      | localhost      |

| root | localhost      |

+------+----------------+

6 rows in set (0.04 sec)

(root@localhost)[(none)]> delete from mysql.user where (user,host) not in (select 'root', 'localhost');

Query OK, 5 rows affected (0.05 sec)

(root@localhost)[(none)]> update mysql.user set user='system', password=password('mysql');

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec)

Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

(root@localhost)[(none)]> flush privileges;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)

(root@localhost)[(none)]> \q

Bye

上面修改完成并刷新权限后，再次测试MySQL数据库连接，就必须需要指定用户名和密码登录了。具体操作步骤如下：

[mysql@JY-DB ~]$ mysql

ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)

[mysql@JY-DB ~]$ mysql -usystem -pmysql

Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 6

Server version: 5.6.30-log JSS for mysqltest

Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

(system@localhost)[(none)]>

二、处理test库权限隐患

查看当前mysql.db信息：

(system@localhost)[(none)]> select * from mysql.db \G

*************************** 1. row ***************************

                 Host: %

                   Db: test

                 User:

          Select_priv: Y

          Insert_priv: Y

          Update_priv: Y

          Delete_priv: Y

          Create_priv: Y

            Drop_priv: Y

           Grant_priv: N

      References_priv: Y

           Index_priv: Y

           Alter_priv: Y

Create_tmp_table_priv: Y

     Lock_tables_priv: Y

     Create_view_priv: Y

       Show_view_priv: Y

  Create_routine_priv: Y

   Alter_routine_priv: N

         Execute_priv: N

           Event_priv: Y

         Trigger_priv: Y

*************************** 2. row ***************************

                 Host: %

                   Db: test\_%

                 User:

          Select_priv: Y

          Insert_priv: Y

          Update_priv: Y

          Delete_priv: Y

          Create_priv: Y

            Drop_priv: Y

           Grant_priv: N

      References_priv: Y

           Index_priv: Y

           Alter_priv: Y

Create_tmp_table_priv: Y

     Lock_tables_priv: Y

     Create_view_priv: Y

       Show_view_priv: Y

  Create_routine_priv: Y

   Alter_routine_priv: N

         Execute_priv: N

           Event_priv: Y

         Trigger_priv: Y

2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

(system@localhost)[(none)]>

处理test库权限安全隐患：

(system@localhost)[(none)]> truncate table mysql.db;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)

(system@localhost)[(none)]> flush privileges;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

(system@localhost)[(none)]> select * from mysql.db \G

Empty set (0.00 sec)

(system@localhost)[(none)]>

三、自定义脚本提升易用性

3.1 中间定义文件

创建中间定义文件，提高脚本的复用性。
vi /data/mysqldata/scripts/mysql_env.ini

# set env

MYSQL_USER=system

MYSQL_PASS='mysql'

# check parameter

if [ $# -ne 1 ]

then

    HOST_PORT=3306

else

    HOST_PORT=$1

fi

由于文件包含密码等敏感信息，所以为了安全性，必须要修改文件的权限：

chmod 600 /data/mysqldata/scripts/mysql_env.ini

当然，如果对密码安全性要求很高，这里的配置文件中的密码可以置空，后续调用脚本手工输入密码即可。

3.2 启动MySQL服务

vi /data/mysqldata/scripts/mysql_db_startup.sh

#!/bin/sh

source /data/mysqldata/scripts/mysql_env.ini

echo "Startup MySQL Service: localhost_"${HOST_PORT}

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/mysqldata/${HOST_PORT}/my.cnf &

3.3 关闭MySQL服务

vi /data/mysqldata/scripts/mysql_db_shutdown.sh

#!/bin/sh

source /data/mysqldata/scripts/mysql_env.ini

echo "Shutdown MySQL Service: localhost_"${HOST_PORT}

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u${MYSQL_USER} -p${MYSQL_PASS} -S /data/mysqldata/${HOST_PORT}/mysql.sock shutdown

3.4 快捷登录MySQL

vi /data/mysqldata/scripts/mysqlplus.sh

#!/bin/sh

source /data/mysqldata/scripts/mysql_env.ini

echo "Login MySQL Service： localhost_"${HOST_PORT}

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -u${MYSQL_USER} -p${MYSQL_PASS} -S /data/mysqldata/${HOST_PORT}/mysql.sock $2

最后，统一授予所有自定义脚本执行的权限：

chmod u+x /data/mysqldata/scripts/*.sh

配置mysql用户的环境变量，追加一行：

echo "export PATH=/data/mysqldata/scripts:\$PATH" >> ~/.bash_profile

source ~/.bash_profile

至此，就可以在任意路径下执行脚本，提升了MySQL操作的易用性。

四、设置开机自动启动MySQL服务

在上述配置完成的基础上，
就可以直接在root用户下编辑/etc/rc.local文件，追加内容：

# autostart MySQL

sudo -i -u mysql /data/mysqldata/scripts/mysql_db_startup.sh 3306 > /home/mysql/mysql_db_startup.log 2>&1

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