oracle数据如何通过goldengate实时同步到kafka消息队列中

这篇文章主要介绍oracle数据如何通过goldengate实时同步到kafka消息队列中，文中介绍的非常详细，具有一定的参考价值，感兴趣的小伙伴们一定要看完！

环境介绍

组件版本

整体架构图

名词解释

1.OGG Manager

              OGG Manager用于配置和管理其它OGG组件，配置数据抽取、数据推送、数据复制，启动和停止相关组件，查看相关组件的运行情况。

2.数据抽取（Extract）

抽取源端数据库的变更（DML, DDL）。数据抽取主要分如下几种类型：本地抽取从本地数据库捕获增量变更数据，写入到本地Trail文件数据推送（Data Pump）从本地Trail文件读取数据，推送到目标端。初始数据抽取从数据库表中导出全量数据，用于初次数据加载

3.数据推送（Data Pump）

              Data Pump是一种特殊的数据抽取（Extract）类型，从本地Trail文件中读取数据，并通过网络将数据发送到目标端OGG

4.Trail文件

              数据抽取从源端数据库抓取到的事物变更信息会写入到Trail文件。

5.数据接收（Collector）

数据接收程序运行在目标端机器，用于接收Data Pump发送过来的Trail日志，并将数据写入到本地Trail文件。

6.数据复制（Replicat）

              数据复制运行在目标端机器，从Trail文件读取数据变更，并将变更数据应用到目标端数据存储系统。本案例中，数据复制将数据推送到kafka消息队列。

7.检查点（Checkpoint）

              检查点用于记录数据库事物变更。

操作步骤

源端Oracle数据库配置

开启源端归档

SQL> archive log list

Database log mode             Archive Mode

Automatic archival        Enabled

Archive destination              /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.3/db_1/dbs/arch

Oldest online log sequence     12

Next log sequence to archive   17

Current log sequence          17

若为打开归档解决如下：

conn / as sysdba (以DBA身份连接数据库)

shutdown immediate (立即关闭数据库)

startup mount (启动实例并加载数据库，但不打开)

alter database archivelog; (更改数据库为归档模式)

alter database open; (打开数据库)

alter system archive log start; (启用自动归档)

2）OGG基于辅助日志等进行实时传输，故需要打开相关日志确保可获取事务内容，通过下面的命令查看该状态

SQL> select force_logging, supplemental_log_data_min,supplemental_log_data_all from v$database;

FORCE_LOGG SUPPLEMENTAL_LOG_DATA_MI

---------- ------------------------

YES        YES

如果没有开启辅助日志，需要开启

SQL> alter database force logging;

SQL> alter database add supplemental log data;

SQL>alter database add supplemental log data(all) columns;

3.开启goldengate复制参数

SQL> alter system set enable_goldengate_replication = true;

4.创建源端Oracle账号

 SQL> create tablespace tbs_ogg datafile '/oradata/dtstack/tbs_ogg.dbf' size 1024M autoextend on;

    SQL> create user ggsadmin identified by oracle default tablespace tbs_ogg;

    SQL> grant dba to ggsadmin;

5.创建测试表  (生产略) 

SQL> create table baiyang.ora_to_kfk as select OWNER, OBJECT_NAME, SUBOBJECT_NAME, OBJECT_ID, DATA_OBJECT_ID, OBJECT_TYPE from all_objects where object_id < 500;

SQL> alter table baiyang.ora_to_kfk add constraint pk_kfk_obj primary key(object_id);

SQL> select count(*) from baiyang.ora_to_kfk;
    COUNT(*)

    ----------

        436

部署ogg

源端 （oracle源端）

1、解压

先建立ogg目录

mkdir -p /ogg

tar xf fbo_ggs_Linux_x64_ora11g_64bit.tar -C /ogg

chown -R oracle:oinstall /ogg （使oracle用户有ogg的权限，后面有些需要在oracle用户下执行才能成功）

2配置ogg环境变量

为了简单方便起见，建议在生产中配置oracle的环境变量文件/home/oracle/.bash_profile里配置

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/java1.8

export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JAVA_HOME/jre/bin:$PATH

export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib/rt.jar

export JAVA=$JAVA_HOME/bin/java

export OGG_HOME=/ogg

export PATH=$PATH:$OGG_HOME

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib/amd64:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib/amd64/server:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib/amd64/libjsig.so:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib/amd64/server/libjvm.so

生效环境变量

source /home/oracle/.bash_profile

3、OGG初始化

ggsci

create subdirs

ggsci

Oracle GoldenGate Command Interpreter for Oracle

Version 11.2.1.0.3 14400833 OGGCORE_11.2.1.0.3_PLATFORMS_120823.1258_FBO

Linux, x64, 64bit (optimized), Oracle 11g on Aug 23 2012 20:20:21

Copyright (C) 1995, 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

GGSCI (ambari.master.com) 1> create subdirs

Creating subdirectories under current directory /root

Parameter files                /root/dirprm: created

Report files                   /root/dirrpt: created

Checkpoint files               /root/dirchk: created

Process status files           /root/dirpcs: created

SQL script files               /root/dirsql: created

Database definitions files     /root/dirdef: created

Extract data files             /root/dirdat: created

Temporary files                /root/dirtmp: created

Stdout files                   /root/dirout: created

4、配置源端Manager

GGSCI (dtproxy) 4> dblogin userid ggsadmin password oracle

GGSCI (dtproxy as ggsadmin@dtstack) 5> edit param ./globals

--添加

oggschema ggsadmin

GGSCI (dtproxy as ggsadmin@dtstack) 6> edit param mgr

 ----添加

     PORT 7810 --默认监听端口

        DYNAMICPORTLIST  7811-7820 --动态端口列表

        AUTORESTART EXTRACT *,RETRIES 5,WAITMINUTES 3 --进程有问题，每3分钟重启一次，一共重启五次

        PURGEOLDEXTRACTS ./dirdat/, USECHECKPOINTS, MINKEEPDAYS 7  --/

        LAGREPORTHOURS 1 --每隔一小时检查一次传输延迟情况

        LAGINFOMINUTES 30 --传输延时超过30分钟将写入错误日志

        LAGCRITICALMINUTES 45 --传输延时超过45分钟将写入警告日志

        PURGEMARKERHISTORY MINKEEPDAYS 3, MAXKEEPDAYS 7 --定期清理trail文件

        --ACCESSRULE, PROG , IPADDR 172..., ALLOW --设定172网段可连接

5、添加同步表级别日志

GGSCI (dtproxy as ggsadmin@dtstack) 9> add trandata baiyang.ora_to_kfk

GGSCI (dtproxy as ggsadmin@dtstack) 10> info trandata baiyang.ora_to_kfk

目标端 （kafka目标端）

1、 解压

mkdir -p /ogg

unzip V839824-01.zip

tar xf ggs_Adapters_Linux_x64.tar  -C /ogg/

2配置ogg环境变量

为了简单方便起见，建议在生产中配置oracle的环境变量文件/home/oracle/.bash_profile里配置

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/java1.8/jre

export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$JAVA_HOME/lib/amd64/server:$JAVA_HOME/lib/amd64:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH

export OGG_HOME=/ogg

export PATH=$PATH:$OGG_HOME

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib/amd64:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib/amd64/server:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib/amd64/libjsig.so:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib/amd64/server/libjvm.so

生效环境变量

source /home/oracle/.bash_profile

OGG初始化

ggsci

create subdirs

ggsci

Oracle GoldenGate Command Interpreter for Oracle

Version 11.2.1.0.3 14400833 OGGCORE_11.2.1.0.3_PLATFORMS_120823.1258_FBO

Linux, x64, 64bit (optimized), Oracle 11g on Aug 23 2012 20:20:21

Copyright (C) 1995, 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

GGSCI (ambari.master.com) 1> create subdirs

Creating subdirectories under current directory /root

Parameter files                /root/dirprm: created

Report files                   /root/dirrpt: created

Checkpoint files               /root/dirchk: created

Process status files           /root/dirpcs: created

SQL script files               /root/dirsql: created

Database definitions files     /root/dirdef: created

Extract data files             /root/dirdat: created

Temporary files                /root/dirtmp: created

Stdout files                   /root/dirout: created

配置源端Manager

GGSCI (dtproxy as ggsadmin@dtstack) 6> edit param mgr

 ----添加

     PORT 7810 --默认监听端口

        DYNAMICPORTLIST  7811-7820 --动态端口列表

        AUTORESTART EXTRACT *,RETRIES 5,WAITMINUTES 3 --进程有问题，每3分钟重启一次，一共重启五次

        PURGEOLDEXTRACTS ./dirdat/, USECHECKPOINTS, MINKEEPDAYS 7  

        PURGEMARKERHISTORY MINKEEPDAYS 3, MAXKEEPDAYS 7 --定期清理trail文件

        --ACCESSRULE, PROG , IPADDR 172..., ALLOW --设定172网段可连接

GGSCI (172-16-101-242) 4> edit  param  ./GLOBALS

--添加

CHECKPOINTTABLE ggsadmin.checkpoint

全量数据同步（oracle to kafka）

1.    配置源端数据初始化

1）  配置源端初始化进程

GGSCI (dtproxy as ggsadmin@dtstack) 15> add extract initkfk,sourceistable

2）  配置源端初始化参数

  GGSCI (dtproxy as ggsadmin@dtstack) 16> edit params initkfk

    EXTRACT initkfk
 SETENV (NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8)
 USERID ggsadmin,PASSWORD oracle
 RMTHOST 172.16.101.242, MGRPORT 7810
 RMTFILE ./dirdat/ek,maxfiles 999, megabytes 500
  table baiyang.ora_to_kfk;

3）源端生成表结构define文件

GGSCI (dtproxy as ggsadmin@dtstack) 17> edit param define_kfk

        -- 添加

    defsfile  /ogg/dirdef/define_kfk.txt

    userid ggsadmin,password oracle

    table baiyang.ora_to_kfk;

 4）获取oracle全量数据

$cd /ogg    

$./defgen paramfile dirprm/define_kfk.prm

    -- Definitions generated for 1 table in /oradata/oggorcl/ogg/dirdef/define_kfk.txt

5) 将获取全量数据记录传送到目标端

- 将此文件传输到目标段dirdef文件夹

    scp /ogg/dirdef/define_kfk.txt 172.16.101.242:/ogg/dirdef/define_kfk.txt

2、 配置目标端数据初始化进程

1） 配置目标端初始化进程

GGSCI (172-16-101-242) 3> ADD replicat initkfk,specialrun                         

2） 配置目标端初始化参数

 GGSCI (172-16-101-242) 6> edit params initkfk

     -- 添加

    SPECIALRUN

    end runtime

    setenv(NLS_LANG="AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8")

    targetdb libfile libggjava.so set property=./dirprm/kafka.props

SOURCEDEFS ./dirdef/define_kfk.txt

REPLACEBADCHAR SKIP

SOURCECHARSET OVERRIDE ISO-8859-1

    EXTFILE ./dirdat/ek

    reportcount every 1 minutes, rate

    grouptransops 10000

map baiyang.ora_to_kfk,target baiyang.ora_to_kfk;

3） 配置ogg 针对kafka相关参数

vi ./dirprm/kafka.props

--添加

    gg.handlerlist=kafkahandler

gg.handler.kafkahandler.type=kafka

gg.handler.kafkahandler.format.includePrimaryKeys=true

gg.handler.kafkahandler.KafkaProducerConfigFile=custom_kafka_producer.properties

gg.handler.kafkahandler.topicName=test_ogg  --旧版参数，本次使用旧版参数

    #gg.handler.kafkahandler.topicMappingTemplate=test_ogg –-新版本参数

    gg.handler.kafkahandler.format=json

    gg.handler.kafkahandler.mode=op

gg.classpath=dirprm/:/kafka/libs/*:/ogg/:/ogg/lib/*

                     kafka 安装的位置     ogg安装的位置

将./dirprm/kafka.props 文件复制到/ogg/AdapterExamples/big-data/kafka 目录下

vi ./dirprm/custom_kafka_producer.properties

bootstrap.servers=172.16.101.242:9092  ---kafka地址

    acks=-1

    compression.type=gzip

    reconnect.backoff.ms=1000

    value.serializer=org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.ByteArraySerializer

    key.serializer=org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.ByteArraySerializer

    batch.size=102400  --数据有堆积

    linger.ms=10000    --数据传输kafka有延时

将./dirprm/custom_kafka_producer.properties 文件复制到/ogg/AdapterExamples/big-data/kafka

3、 开启抽取全量任务

源端：

GGSCI (dtproxy) 20>  start mgr

GGSCI (dtproxy) 21>  start initkfk

目标端全量数据应用

GGSCI (172-16-101-242) 13> start mgr

cd /ogg

./replicat paramfile ./dirprm/initkfk.prm reportfile ./dirrpt/init01.rpt -p INITIALDATALOAD

--查看应用日志是否有错误

cd /opt/ogg/dirrpt
more init01.rpt

4、 验证kafka全量数据

cd /kafka

bin/kafka-console-consumer.sh --bootstrap-server 172.16.101.242:9092 --topic test_ogg --from-beginning

{"table":"BAIYANG.ORA_TO_KFK","op_type":"I","op_ts":"2019-11-11 20:23:19.703779","current_ts":"2019-11-11T20:48:55.946000","pos":"-0000000000000000001","after":{"OWNER":"SYS","OBJECT_NAME":"C_OBJ#","SUBOBJECT_NAME":null,"OBJECT_ID":2,"DATA_OBJECT_ID":2,"OBJECT_TYPE":"CLUSTER"}}

{"table":"BAIYANG.ORA_TO_KFK","op_type":"I","op_ts":"2019-11-11 20:23:19.703779","current_ts":"2019-11-11T20:48:56.289000","pos":"-0000000000000000001","after":{"OWNER":"SYS","OBJECT_NAME":"I_OBJ#","SUBOBJECT_NAME":null,"OBJECT_ID":3,"DATA_OBJECT_ID":3,"OBJECT_TYPE":"INDEX"}}

全量数据已经同步到目标kafka topic test_ogg

增量数据同步(oracle to kafka)

源端配置

1.     源端抽取进程配置

GGSCI (dtproxy) 9> edit param extkfk

-- 添加

extract extkfk

dynamicresolution

SETENV (ORACLE_SID = "orcl")

SETENV (NLS_LANG = "american_america.AL32UTF8")

userid ggsadmin,password oracle

FETCHOPTIONS NOUSESNAPSHOT

GETUPDATEBEFORES

NOCOMPRESSDELETES

NOCOMPRESSUPDATES

exttrail ./dirdat/to

table baiyang.ora_to_kfk;

2、添加extract进程

GGSCI (dtproxy) 10> add extract extkfk,tranlog,begin now

GGSCI (dtproxy) 11> add exttrail ./dirdat/to,extract extkfk

3、配置源端推送进程

GGSCI (dtproxy) 12> edit param pupkfk

-- 添加

extract pupkfk

passthru

dynamicresolution

userid ggsadmin,password oracle

rmthost 172.16.101.242 mgrport 7810

rmttrail ./dirdat/to

table baiyang.ora_to_kfk;

4、添加投递进程

GGSCI (dtproxy) 13>  add extract pupkfk,exttrailsource ./dirdat/to

GGSCI (dtproxy) 14>  add rmttrail ./dirdat/to,extract pupkfk

目标端配置

1、 配置目标端恢复进程

edit param repkfk

-- 添加

REPLICAT repkfk

SOURCEDEFS ./dirdef/define_kfk.txt

targetdb libfile libggjava.so set property=./dirprm/kafka.props

REPORTCOUNT EVERY 1 MINUTES, RATE

GROUPTRANSOPS 10000

MAP baiyang.ora_to_kfk, TARGET baiyang.ora_to_kfk;

2、 添加trail文件到replicate进程

add replicat repkfk exttrail ./dirdat/to,checkpointtable ggsadmin.checkpoint

开启增量实时数据抓取

源端：

./ggsci

GGSCI (dtproxy) 5> start extkfk

Sending START request to MANAGER ...

EXTRACT EXTKFK starting

GGSCI (dtproxy) 6> start pupkfk

Sending START request to MANAGER ...

EXTRACT PUPKFK starting

GGSCI (dtproxy) 7> status all

Program     Status      Group       Lag at Chkpt  Time Since Chkpt

MANAGER     RUNNING

EXTRACT     RUNNING     EXTKFK      00:00:00      00:00:10

EXTRACT     RUNNING     PUPKFK      00:00:00      00:00:00

目标端：

/ggsci

GGSCI (172-16-101-242) 7> start replicat repkfk

Sending START request to MANAGER ...

REPLICAT REPKFK starting

GGSCI (172-16-101-242) 8> info all

Program     Status      Group       Lag at Chkpt  Time Since Chkpt

MANAGER     RUNNING

REPLICAT    RUNNING     REPKFK      00:00:00      00:00:00

测试增量数据抓取

源端：

Oracle插入增量数据

SQL> insert into baiyang.ora_to_kfk  select OWNER, OBJECT_NAME, SUBOBJECT_NAME, OBJECT_ID, DATA_OBJECT_ID, OBJECT_TYPE from all_objects where object_id >500 and  object_id < 1000;

SQL> commit;

SQL> select count(*) from baiyang.ora_to_kfk;
COUNT(*)

    905

目标端：

查看Kafka消息队列消费数据

cd /kafka

bin/kafka-console-consumer.sh --bootstrap-server 172.16.101.242:9092 --topic test_ogg

{"table":"BAIYANG.ORA_TO_KFK","op_type":"I","op_ts":"2019-11-11 21:04:11.158786","current_ts":"2019-11-11T21:10:54.042000","pos":"00000000000000075298","after":{"OWNER":"SYS","OBJECT_NAME":"APPLY$_READER_STATS","SUBOBJECT_NAME":null,"OBJECT_ID":998,"DATA_OBJECT_ID":998,"OBJECT_TYPE":"TABLE"}}

{"table":"BAIYANG.ORA_TO_KFK","op_type":"I","op_ts":"2019-11-11 21:04:11.158786","current_ts":"2019-11-11T21:10:54.042001","pos":"00000000000000075459","after":{"OWNER":"SYS","OBJECT_NAME":"APPLY$_READER_STATS_I","SUBOBJECT_NAME":null,"OBJECT_ID":999,"DATA_OBJECT_ID":999,"OBJECT_TYPE":"INDEX"}}

DDL操作

              如果ogg 源端，也就是oracle 端的表增加字段或者删除字段，或者修改字段等等，只要是修改表结构定义的，就算是DDL操作，在ogg for bigdata 12.2 稳定版本中，目前是不支持同步ddl语句的，在12,3版本以后会进行ddl支持。

在12.2 ogg for bigdata 中，源端如果做ddl，需要在源端的定义表结构文件中重新生成define_kfk.txt文件的定义，并将define_kfk.txt文件传输到目标端中。

举例说明：

源端：（oracle端）

1） 源表添加id字段

alter table ORA_TO_KFK add id number;

2） ogg 源端需要重新生成表定义文件

mv /ogg/dirdef/define_kfk.txt /ogg/dirdef/define_kfk.txt.bak1

cd /ogg

/defgen paramfile dirprm/define_kfk.prm

3) 将生成的表定义文件scp 到目标端

cd /ogg

scp ./dirdef/define_kfk.txt root@192.168.56.57:/ogg/dirdef/

4) 源端抽取进程需要重启

  GGSCI (edsir1p9) 2> stop EXTKFK

Sending STOP request to EXTRACT EXTKFK ...

Request processed.

GGSCI (edsir1p9) 3> start EXTKFK

Sending START request to MANAGER ...

EXTRACT EXTKFK starting

GGSCI (edsir1p9) 4> info all

Program     Status      Group       Lag at Chkpt  Time Since Chkpt

MANAGER     RUNNING                                          

EXTRACT     RUNNING     EXTKFK      00:00:00      00:00:08   

EXTRACT     RUNNING     PUPKFK      00:00:00      00:00:07 

目标端：（kafka端）

1）查看目标端的应用进程发生了abend

GGSCI (node) 38> info all

Program     Status      Group       Lag at Chkpt  Time Since Chkpt

MANAGER     RUNNING                                          

REPLICAT    ABENDED     REPKFK      00:10:27      00:05:29

2）启动复制进程

GGSCI (node) 40> start REPKFK

Sending START request to MANAGER ...

REPLICAT REPKFK starting

GGSCI (node) 9> info all

Program     Status      Group       Lag at Chkpt  Time Since Chkpt

MANAGER     RUNNING                                          

REPLICAT    RUNNING     REPKFK      00:00:00      00:00:04 

测试：

源端插入一条数据

SQL> insert into ORA_TO_KFK(OWNER,OBJECT_NAME,OBJECT_ID,ID) values ('gg','gg',876,9);

1 row created.

SQL> commit;

目标端：

cd /kafka

bin/kafka-console-consumer.sh --bootstrap-server 192.168.56.57:9092 --topic ogg_test

数据已经从源端oracle同步到目标端kafka中。至此oracle新添加一列，可以正常同步到kafka中。

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