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[root@elasticsearch my.cnf.d]# mysql_secure_installation #安全初始化命令
NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!
In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user. If you've just installed MariaDB, and
you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank,
so you should just press enter here.
Enter current password for root (enter for none): #输入mysql的root账户默认密码(默认为空)
OK, successfully used password, moving on...
Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB
root user without the proper authorisation.
Set root password? [Y/n] y #是否设置root密码
New password: #为root用户输入一个新密码
Re-enter new password: #再次输入密码
Password updated successfully! #密码更新成功
Reloading privilege tables..
... Success!
By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for
them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.
Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y #是否删除匿名用户
... Success!
Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] y #是否允许root用户远程登录
... Success!
By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] #是否删除test数据库
- Dropping test database...
... Success!
- Removing privileges on test database...
... Success!
Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.
Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] #是否刷新以上操作,使其立即生效
... Success!
Cleaning up...
All done! If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
installation should now be secure.
Thanks for using MariaDB!
[root@elasticsearch my.cnf.d]# mysql
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
[root@elasticsearch my.cnf.d]# mysql -uroot -h292.168.0.194 -p
Enter password:
ERROR 1130 (HY000): Host 'node1' is not allowed to connect to this MariaDB server
[root@elasticsearch my.cnf.d]# mysql -uroot -h227.0.0.1 -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 14
Server version: 5.5.60-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
[root@elasticsearch my.cnf.d]# mysql -uroot -hlocalhost -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 15
Server version: 5.5.60-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
MariaDB [(none)]> use mysql
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
MariaDB [mysql]> select User,Host from user;
+------+-----------+
| User | Host |
+------+-----------+
| root | 127.0.0.1 |
| root | ::1 |
| root | localhost |
+------+-----------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [mysql]>
[mysqld]
skip-grant-tables
skip-networking
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
[root@elasticsearch ~]# systemctl start mariadb
[root@elasticsearch ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 2
Server version: 5.5.60-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> update mysql.user set authentication_string=password('centos') where user='root' and Host = 'localhost';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> exit
Bye
[root@elasticsearch ~]# mysql -uroot -hlocalhost -pcentos
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 3
Server version: 5.5.60-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]>
MariaDB [(none)]> SELECT User,Host FROM mysql.user;
+-------+-------------+
| User | Host |
+-------+-------------+
| root | 127.0.0.1 |
| root | ::1 |
| root | localhost |
+-------+-------------+
6 rows in set (0.01 sec)
CREATE USER 'user'@'host' [IDENTIFIED BY [PASSWORD] 'password'] [,'user'@'host' [IDENTIFIED BY [PASSWORD] 'password']...]
# 单条命令创建一个用户:
MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE USER 'lxk'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD 'linux.centos.com';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
# 以逗号为分隔,单条命令创建两个用户:
MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE USER 'test0'@'192.168.1.%' IDENTIFIED BY 'maria.centos.com','test1'@'192.168.1.%' IDENTIFIED BY 'maria.centos.com';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
#查看当前用户:
MariaDB [(none)]> SELECT User,Host FROM mysql.user;
+-------+-------------+
| User | Host |
+-------+-------------+
| root | 127.0.0.1 |
| test0 | 192.168.1.% |
| test1 | 192.168.1.% |
| root | ::1 |
| lxk | localhost |
| root | localhost |
+-------+-------------+
6 rows in set (0.01 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> RENAME USER 'test1'@'192.168.1.%' TO 'test001'@'192.168.1.%';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> SELECT User,Host FROM mysql.user;
+---------+-------------+
| User | Host |
+---------+-------------+
| root | 127.0.0.1 |
| test0 | 192.168.1.% |
| test001 | 192.168.1.% |
MariaDB [(none)]> DROP USER 'test001'@'192.168.1.%';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> SELECT User,Host FROM mysql.user;
+-------+------------+
| User | Host |
+-------+------------+
| root | 127.0.0.1 |
| test0 | 192.168.1.%|
| root | ::1 |
| lxk | localhost |
| root | localhost |
+-------+------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> show grants; #不加用户,默认查找的是root用户的授权信息。
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for root@localhost |
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*128977E278358FF80A246B5046F51043A2B1FCED' WITH GRANT OPTION |
| GRANT PROXY ON ''@'' TO 'root'@'localhost' WITH GRANT OPTION |
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> show grants for 'test0'@'192.168.1.%'; #查看指定用户的授权信息。
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for test0@192.168.1.% |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'test0'@'192.168.1.%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*5FC1DC57211AE5F87FC504DEEE4B7C65DEB2CBFA'|
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
GRANT priv_type [(column_list)] [, priv_type [(column_list)]] ...
ON [object_type] priv_level
TO user_specification [, user_specification] ...
[REQUIRE {NONE | ssl_option [[AND] ssl_option] ...}]
[WITH with_option ...]
GRANT priv_type ON [object_type] priv_level TO user_specification [, user_specification]
object_type:
TABLE
| FUNCTION
| PROCEDURE
priv_level:
*
| *.* #所有库的所有表
| db_name.* #某个库的所有表
| db_name.tbl_name #某个库的某个表
| tbl_name #某个表
| db_name.routine_name #某个库的某个routine
MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT all ON *.* TO 'test0'@'192.168.1%';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW GRANTS FOR 'test0'@'192.168.1%';
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for test0@192.168.1.% |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'test0'@'192.168.1.%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*5FC1DC57211AE5F87FC504DEEE4B7C65DEB2CBFA'|
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
#
REVOKE priv_type [(column_list)][, priv_type [(column_list)]] ...
ON [object_type] priv_level
FROM 'user'@'host' [, 'user'@'host'] ...
REVOKE ALL PRIVILEGES, GRANT OPTION
FROM user [, user] ...
MariaDB [(none)]> REVOKE ALL PRIVILEGES FROM 'test0'@'192.168.1.%';
ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MariaDB server version for the right syntax to use near 'FROM 'test0'@'192.168.1%'' at line 1
MariaDB [(none)]> REVOKE ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* FROM 'test0'@'192.168.1.%';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW GRANTS FOR 'test0'@'192.168.1%';
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for test0@192.168.1.% |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'test0'@'192.168.1.%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*5FC1DC57211AE5F87FC504DEEE4B7C65DEB2CBFA'|
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
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