SQL*Plus Quick Start

SQL Plus 有自己的命令和环境，它提供对Oracle数据库的访问。它使您能够输入和执行SQL、sql、sql、SQL +和操作系统命令来执行以下操作：

格式化，执行查询结果的存储、打印和打印计算

检查表和对象定义

开发和运行批处理脚本

执行数据库管理

您可以使用sql Plus 以交互方式生成报告，以生成批处理过程报告，并将结果输出到文本文件、屏幕或HTML文件，以便在Internet上浏览。您可以使用sql +输出的HTML输出设备动态生成报表。
1.1SQLPlus Basics



cl buff 执行后
SQL> /
SP2-0103: Nothing in SQL buffer to run.
SQL> a where TNAME='CDB_APPLY'
2* where TNAME='CDB_APPLY'
SQL> /

TNAME

TABTYPE CLUSTERID

---

CDB_APPLY
VIEW
SQL> select * from tab
2 where tname<>''
3 ;

no rows selected

SQL> list 2
2 where tname<>''
SQL> del 2
SQL> list
1 select from tab
2
SQL> select from scott.EMP
2 where EMPNO=7934
3 ;

 EMPNO ENAME      JOB              MGR HIREDATE                   SAL

---

  COMM     DEPTNO

---

  7934 MILLER     CLERK           7782 1982-01-23 00:00:00       1300
               10

SQL> list 2
2 where EMPNO=7934
SQL> change /7934/7902
2 where EMPNO=7902
SQL> run
1 select from scott.EMP
2 where EMPNO=7902
3

 EMPNO ENAME      JOB              MGR HIREDATE                   SAL

---

  COMM     DEPTNO

---

  7902 FORD       ANALYST         7566 1981-12-03 00:00:00       3000
               20

REMARK， / /，--注释说明
SQL> REMARK 测试
SQL> select from scott.EMP
2 remark 测试
3 where empno=7934;
remark 测试

ERROR at line 2:
ORA-00911: invalid character

SQL> / 测试
SQL> /
SQL> select from scott.EMP
2 /测试
3 */
4 where empno=7934;

 EMPNO ENAME      JOB              MGR HIREDATE                   SAL

---

  COMM     DEPTNO

---

  7934 MILLER     CLERK           7782 1982-01-23 00:00:00       1300
               10

SQL> select * from scott.EMP
2 --测试
3 where empno=7934;

 EMPNO ENAME      JOB              MGR HIREDATE                   SAL

---

  COMM     DEPTNO

---

  7934 MILLER     CLERK           7782 1982-01-23 00:00:00       1300

SQL> SELECT &SORTCOL, job

2 FROM &MYTABLE
3 ;
Enter value for sortcol: ename
old 1: SELECT &SORTCOL, job
new 1: SELECT ename, job
Enter value for mytable: scott.emp
old 2: FROM &MYTABLE
new 2: FROM scott.emp

ENAME JOB

---

SMITH CLERK
ALLEN SALESMAN
WARD SALESMAN
JONES MANAGER
MARTIN SALESMAN
BLAKE MANAGER
CLARK MANAGER
KING PRESIDENT
TURNER SALESMAN
JAMES CLERK
FORD ANALYST

ENAME JOB

---

MILLER CLERK

12 rows selected.
SQL> define
DEFINE _DATE = "2017-12-16 14:29:31" (CHAR)
DEFINE _CONNECT_IDENTIFIER = "CLONEPDB_PLUG" (CHAR)
DEFINE _USER = "SYS" (CHAR)
DEFINE _PRIVILEGE = "AS SYSDBA" (CHAR)
DEFINE _SQLPLUS_RELEASE = "1102000100" (CHAR)
DEFINE _EDITOR = "Notepad" (CHAR)
DEFINE _O_VERSION = "Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production" (CHAR)
DEFINE _O_RELEASE = "1202000100" (CHAR)
SQL> DEFINE A = 7934
SQL> select ENAME,JOB
2 from scott.emp where empno=&A;
old 2: from scott.emp where empno=&A
new 2: from scott.emp where empno=7934

ENAME JOB

---

MILLER CLERK
SQL> unDEFINE A
SQL> variable a number;
SQL> print a;

     A

---

SQL> exec :a:=7934

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> select ENAME,JOB
2 from scott.emp where empno=:a;

ENAME JOB

---

MILLER CLERK
SET ECHO ON/OFF 控制是否在调用执行Script的时候显示其内容
SET VERIFY ON/OFF 决定是否在执行带有参数变量的Sql命令操作时，显示赋值代入的过程

按回车继续
PROMPT Before continuing, make sure you have your account card.
PAUSE Press RETURN to continue.
清屏
CLEAR SCREEN

SQL> CLEAR column
columns cleared
SQL> CLEAR column
columns cleared
SQL> VARIABLE ret_val NUMBER
SQL> BEGIN
2 :ret_val:=4;
3 END;
4 /

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> PRINT RET_VAL

RET_VAL

     4

SQL> variable abc number
SQL> exec :abc :=123;

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> select :abc from dual;

  :ABC

---

   123           

SQL> create table mytab (col1 number, col2 varchar2(10));

Table created.
SQL> var xyz varchar2(10)
SQL> begin
2 :xyz :='test'
3 ;
4 end;
5 /

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> insert into mytab values(:abc,:xyz);

1 row created.

SQL> select * from mytab;

  COL1 COL2

---

   123 test

SQL> drop table mytab purge;

Table dropped.
SQL> alter session set container=pdbtest;

Session altered.
SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE EmpPack
2 AS
3 type EmpInfoTyp is ref cursor;
4 PROCEDURE EmpInfoRpt (emp_cv OUT EmpInfoTyp);
5 end EmpPack;
6 /

Package created.

SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE BODY EmpPack AS
2 PROCEDURE EmpInfoRpt (emp_cv OUT EmpInfoTyp) AS
3 BEGIN
4 OPEN emp_cv FOR SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID, SALARY
5 FROM HR.EMP_DETAILS_VIEW
6 WHERE JOB_ID='SA_MAN' ;
7 END;
SQL> VARIABLE cv REFCURSOR
SQL> EXECUTE EmpPack.EmpInfoRpt(:cv)

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> PRINT cv

EMPLOYEE_ID SALARY

---

    145      14000
    146      13500
    147      12000
    148      11000
    149      10500

8 END;
9 /

Package body created.
SQL> VARIABLE cv REFCURSOR
SQL> EXECUTE EmpPack.EmpInfoRpt(:cv)

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> PRINT cv

EMPLOYEE_ID SALARY

---

    145      14000
    146      13500
    147      12000
    148      11000
    149      10500