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        关键词:分组聚合
物理上一张表,逻辑上是两张表  
create table areas(
id int primary key,
atitle varchar(20),
pid int,
foreign key(pid) references areas(id)
);  
导入sql文件
source areas.sql;  
示例图
示例语句
select sheng.id as sid,sheng.title as stile,shi.id as shiid,shi.title as shititle from areas as sheng
inner join areas as shi on sheng.id=shi.pid
where sheng.pid is null and sheng.title='山西省'
limit 0,100;
create view stuscore as + 查询语句    
四个特性(ACID)
引擎类型:engine=innodb/bdb 支持事务,默认innodb  
查看表创建的语句: show create table students;   
修改表类型 : alter table students engine=innodb;  
事务语句
begin; //开启
commit; //提交
rollback; // 回滚操作
查看索引
show index from 表名;
创建索引
create index indexName on areas(title(20));  
删除索引
drop index [indexName] on 表名;  
执行时间
set profiling=1; show profiles;每一个python会话都是一次事务
Connec类
connection = connect(host,port,db,user,passwd,charset)
connection对象的方法
close() 关闭连接
commit() 事务提交,所以需要提交才会生效
rollback() 事务回滚,放弃之前的操作
cursor() 返回Cursor对象,用于执行sql语句并获得结果  
Cursor
执行SQL语句
cursor1=connection.cursor()   // 调用cursor方法 返回一个cursor对象    
cursor对象的常用方法
execute(operation ,[ parameters ]) //执行语句,返回受影响的行数
fetchone() //获取查询结果集的第一个行数据,返回一个元组
fetchall()  //获取查询结果集的所有行,一行构成一个元组,返回一个大元组
import MySQLdb
try:
    connection=MySQLdb.connect(host='localhost',port=3306,db='python3',user='root',passwd='***',charset='utf8')
    cursor1=connection.cursor()
    sql='SQL语句增删查改'
    count=cs1.execute(sql)
    connection.commit()
    cursor1.close()
    connection.close()
except Exception,e:
    print (e.message)
防止SQL注入
from MySQLdb import *
try:
    name = raw_input('请输入一个名字')
    connection = connect(host='localhost',port=3306,db='python3',user='root',passwd='***',charset='utf8')
    #sql = 'insert into students(name) values("小乖巧")'
    #sql = 'update students set name='乖巧' where id=3'
    #sql = 'delete from students where id = 3'
    sql = 'insert into students(name) values(%s)'
    cursor1.execute(sql,[name])  
    connection.commit()
    cursor1.close()
    connection.close()
except Exception,e:
    print (e.message)
class MYSQL:
    def __init__(self,host,port=3306,db,user,passwd,charset='uft8'):
        self.host = host
        self.port = port
        self.db = db
        self.user = user
        self.passwd = passwd
        self.charset = charset
    def open(self):
        self.connection = connect(host=self.host,port=self.port,db=self.db,user=self.user,passwd=self.passwd,charset=self.charset)
        self.cursor = self.connection.cursor()
    def close(self):
        self.cursor.close()
        self.connection.close()
    def curd(self):
        try:
            self.open()
            self.cursor(sql,param)
            self.commit()
            self.close()
        except Exception,e:
            print(e.message)
    def all(self,sql,param=[]):
        try:
            self.open()
            self.cursor(sql,param)
            result = self.cursor.fetchall()
            self.commit()
            self.close()
            return result
        except Exception,e:
            print(e.message)
5/13/2018 9:57:42 PM
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