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Oracle使用audit_trail参数控制审计是否启用
audit_trail的参数有下面几种:
NONE:不开启审计
OS:说明审计信息放在系统汇总,如果是Linux那么由audit_file_dest决定,如果是Windows 那么由事件查看器决定
DB 或 TRUE :表示审计信息存放在数据库里,也就是sys 用户的aud$ 表。
audit_sys_operations参数的含义:
false:不审计sys用户,默认不审计
true:审计sys用户
审计范围分为session 和 access两种
session:表示用户登录之后执行的相同SQL只记录一次,其他相同SQL不再记录;
access:表示每次执行的SQL都进行审计记录。
详细参考官方文档
http://docs.oracle.com/cd/B19306_01/network.102/b14266/cfgaudit.htm#CIHDICID
1、开启审计参数
SQL> show parameter audit NAME TYPE VALUE ----------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ audit_file_dest string /u01/app/oracle/admin/mydb/adump audit_sys_operations boolean FALSE audit_syslog_level string audit_trail string NONE SQL> alter system setaudit_trail=db,extended scope=spfile;
2、重启数据库
静态参数,为了使参数生效,需要重启数据库
SQL> shutdown immediate; Database closed. Database dismounted. ORACLE instance shut down. SQL> startup ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 599785472 bytes Fixed Size 2085776 bytes Variable Size 192941168 bytes Database Buffers 398458880 bytes Redo Buffers 6299648 bytes Database mounted. Database opened. SQL> show parameter audit NAME TYPE VALUE ----------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ audit_file_dest string /u01/app/oracle/admin/mydb/adump audit_sys_operations boolean FALSE audit_syslog_level string audit_trail string DB, EXTENDED
3、设置对表进行审计
这样每次有用户对表进行操作,那么都会有相应的记录被添加到aud$中,而Oracle为了方便读取数据,创建了视图。
虽然会记录每个用户对表的操作,但是不会记录sys用户的操作,其他所有用户都会做记录。
SQL> conn / as sysdba Connected. SQL> audit all on zx.num_t by accesswhenever successful; Audit succeeded. SQL> set linesize 200 SQL> select * from dba_obj_audit_opts; OWNER OBJECT_NAME OBJECT_TYPE ALT AUD COM DEL GRA IND INS LOC REN SEL UPD REF EXE CRE REA WRI FBK ------------------------------------------------------------ ----------------- ----- ----- ----- ----- ---------- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- --- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ZX NUM_T TABLE A/- A/- A/- A/- A/- A/- A/- A/- A/- A/- A/- -/- -/- -/- -/- -/- A/-
前面列中
A表示access,每次被审计的操作都会记录,比如开启了scott.emp的select审计,那么任何人select这张表都会触发一次审计,并且记录在aud$中。
S表示session,每个会话被审计的操作都记录一次。
使用不同用户对zx.num_t表做不同访问:
SQL> conn zx/zx Connected. SQL> select count(*) from zx.num_t; COUNT(*) ---------- 0 SQL> insert into zx.num_t (id1)values(1); 1 row created. SQL> commit; Commit complete. SQL> conn scott/tiger Connected. SQL> select count(*) from zx.num_t; COUNT(*) ---------- 1 SQL> delete from zx.num_t; 1 row deleted. SQL> commit; Commit complete. SQL> insert into zx.num_t (id2)values(2); 1 row created. SQL> rollback; Rollback complete.
4、查询审计记录
SQL> alter session setnls_date_format='yyyymmdd hh34:mi:ss'; Session altered. SQL> set lines 200 col OS_USERNAME for a10 col USERNAME for a11 col USERHOST for a10 col TERMINAL for a10 col TIMESTAMP for a20 col obj_name for a10 col OWNER for a10 col ACTION_NAME for a11 col TRANSACTIONID for a16 col sql_text for a50 SELECT USERNAME, USERHOST, TIMESTAMP, OWNER, OBJ_NAME, ACTION_NAME, SQL_TEXT FROM DBA_AUDIT_TRAIL WHERE OBJ_NAME='NUM_T' ORDER BY TIMESTAMP; USERNAME USERHOST TIMESTAMP OWNER OBJ_NAME ACTION_NAME SQL_TEXT ----------- ---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ------------------------------------------------------------- ZX rhel5 20161107 11:57:55 ZX NUM_T NOAUDIT OBJ noaudit all on num_t ECT ZX rhel5 20161107 12:00:07 ZX NUM_T SELECT select count(*) from zx.num_t ZX rhel5 20161107 12:00:21 ZX NUM_T INSERT insert into zx.num_t (id1) values(1) SCOTT rhel5 20161107 12:00:37 ZX NUM_T SELECT select count(*) from zx.num_t SCOTT rhel5 20161107 12:00:45 ZX NUM_T DELETE delete from zx.num_t SCOTT rhel5 20161107 12:01:27 ZX NUM_T INSERT insert into zx.num_t (id2) values(2) 6 rows selected.
5、取消审计
SQL> noaudit all on num_t; Noaudit succeeded.
6、清空aud$
这张系统表是可以使用TRUNCATE命令截断的。把它删掉之后那么视图中的记录也就相应消失了。
SQL> truncate table aud$; SQL> SELECT * FROM DBA_FGA_AUDIT_TRAIL; no rows selected
更多详细信息参考官方文档
http://docs.oracle.com/cd/B19306_01/network.102/b14266/cfgaudit.htm#BABCFIHB
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