Oracle之静默安装

服务器采用的是阿里云，具体看下面

[root@aliyun_test var]# cat /etc/system-release

CentOS release 6.5 (Final)

[root@aliyun_test var]# uname -r

2.6.32-431.23.3.el6.x86_64

[root@aliyun_test var]# uname -n

aliyun_test

内存：

由于阿里云默认是没有swap的，所以这个需要自己创建，后面会提到如何创建

静默安装前一些必要的操作

#####install java

rpm -ivh jdk-7u75-linux-x64.rpm

echo "export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_75" >> /etc/profile.d/java.sh

echo "export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH" >> /etc/profile.d/java.sh

echo "export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib:$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar" >>/etc/profile.d/java.sh

. /etc/profile.d/java.sh

######verify java

java -version

一些必须的包

yum -y install binutils compat-libstdc++-33 compat-libstdc++-33.i686 ksh elfutils-libelf \

elfutils-libelf-devel glibc glibc-common glibc-devel gcc gcc-c++ libaio \

libaio.i686 libaio-devel libaio-devel.i686 libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++.i686 \

libstdc++-devel libstdc++-devel.i686 make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel unzip

然后是一些内核参数调整

########modify /etc/sysctl.conf

echo "fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo "fs.file-max = 6815744" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo "kernel.shmmni = 4096" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo "kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo "net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo "net.core.rmem_default = 262144" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo "net.core.rmem_max = 4194304" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo "net.core.wmem_default = 262144" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo "net.core.wmem_max = 1048576" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

/sbin/sysctl -p

然后是软硬文件打开数

##############modify /etc/security/limits.conf

echo "oracle soft nproc 2047" >> /etc/security/limits.conf

echo "oracle hard nproc 16384" >> /etc/security/limits.conf

echo "oracle soft nofile 1024" >> /etc/security/limits.conf

echo "oracle hard nofile 65536" >> /etc/security/limits.conf

创建oracle用户

#########create user oracle

/usr/sbin/groupadd oinstall

/usr/sbin/groupadd dba

/usr/sbin/useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle

passwd oracle

mkdir /u01/app -p

chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01

chmod 755 /u01/app

创建oracle清单文件

########create oraInventory

echo "inventory_loc=/u01/app/oraInventory" >> /etc/oraInst.loc

echo "inst_group=oinstall" >> /etc/oraInst.loc

chown -R oracle:oinstall /etc/oraInst.loc

chmod 755 /etc/oraInst.loc

添加登录认证

########modify /etc/pam.d/login

#add

session    required     pam_limits.so

修改/etc/profile 限制其他用户使用

############modify /etc/profile

# add follows to the end

if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then

      if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then

           ulimit -p 16384

           ulimit -n 65536

      else

           ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536

      fi

fi

然后切换oracle用户进行操作

#########for oracle user

su - oracle

cd /home/oracle

file1:wget http://download.oracle.com/otn/linux/oracle11g/R2/linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip

file2:wget http://download.oracle.com/otn/linux/oracle11g/R2/linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

vim .bash_profile

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app

export ORACLE_SID=test

unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip -d /u01/app

unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip -d /u01/app

由于是使用静默文件安装oracle，所以必须创建修改响应文件（具体参数说明请参考官方网站）

cp /u01/app/database/response/db_install.rsp /home/oracle

chmod 700 /home/oracle/*.rsp

####add to rsp

修改以下值

oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY

ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracle11g

UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall

INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oraInventory

SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN,zh_TW

ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1

ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app

oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE

oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=false

oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba

oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=test

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=test

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=512

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=redhat

SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=false

DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true

准备工作就绪后，于是进行安装

#######silent install oracle 

cd /u01/app

./database/runInstaller -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/db_install.rsp

请根据屏幕上的输出信息进行相应的措施（由于是阿里云主机，swap要求没有达到）

swap内存做如下操作：

如果交换空间不够：针对阿里云主机或者swap为0的主机

dd if=/dev/zero of=/test bs=1G count=4----》如果这种方法不行，请选择下面

mkswap -f /test

swapon /test

free -m

设置2G的swap空间

[root@aliyun_test var]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/var/test bs=1G count=2

dd: memory exhausted

[root@aliyun_test var]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/var/test bs=1024 count=2097152

2097152+0 records in

2097152+0 records out

2147483648 bytes (2.1 GB) copied, 38.0205 s, 56.5 MB/s

[root@aliyun_test var]# du -sh /var/test 

2.1G    /var/test

[root@aliyun_test var]# mkswap -f /var/test 

Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 2097148 KiB

no label, UUID=d3ba4921-7d5e-47ae-810b-44f2369a24c2

[root@aliyun_test var]# swapon  /var/test 

[root@aliyun_test var]# free -m

             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached

Mem:           994        930         63          0         31        809

-/+ buffers/cache:         89        905

Swap:         2047          0       2047

安装到出现如下叫你使用root用户执行以下脚本

/u01/app/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh

于是使用另一会话终端执行

[root@aliyun_test ~]# /u01/app/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh

Check /u01/app/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/install/root_aliyun_test_2016-09-20_10-20-22.log for the output of root script

然后回到oracle用户那个终端敲入enter键就安装完成

然后继续修改oracle家目录下的环境文件如下

vim /home/oracle/.bash_profile

export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1

PATH=${ORACLE_HOME}/bin:$PATH:$HOME/bin

下一步就是配置监听服务，具体操作如下

启动监听

###############modify netca.rsp

cp database/response/netca.rsp /home/oracle/

vim /home/oracle/netca.rsp

GENERAL]

RESPONSEFILE_VERSION="11.2"

CREATE_TYPE="CUSTOM"

INSTALL_TYPE=""custom"    "安装的类型("typical—典型","minimal—最小" or "custom—自定义")

LISTENER_NUMBER=1         监听器数量

LISTENER_NAMES={"test"}   监听器的名称列表

LISTENER_PROTOCOLS={"TCP;1521"} 监听器使用的通讯协议列表

LISTENER_START=""test""         监听器启动的名称

然后运行：

netca /silent /responsefile /home/oracle/netca.rsp

[oracle@aliyun_test app]$ netca /silent /home/oracle/netca.rsp

Parsing command line arguments:

    Parameter "silent" = true

    Parameter "responsefile" = /opt/oracle/netca.rsp

Done parsing command line arguments.

Oracle Net Services Configuration:

Configuring Listener:test

Listener configuration complete.

Oracle Net Listener Startup:

    Running Listener Control: 

      /u01/app/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/lsnrctl start test

    Listener Control complete.

    Listener started successfully.

Profile configuration complete.

Oracle Net Services configuration successful. The exit code is 0

监听配置完，端口就会开启，查看一下

[root@aliyun_test ~]# netstat -tunlp|grep 1521

tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:1521                0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      17760/tnslsnr       

/u01/app/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/tnslsnr test（这条命令启动的）

最后创建单实例数据库

静默建立新库

cp database/response/dbca.rsp /home/oracle/

vim /home/oracle/dbca.rsp

然后修改以下：

[GENERAL]

 RESPONSEFILE_VERSION = "11.2.0"      //不能更改

 OPERATION_TYPE = "createDatabase"

 GDBNAME = "test"               //全局数据库的名字=SID+主机域名

 SID= "test"                        //对应的实例名字

 TEMPLATENAME = "General_Purpose.dbc"    //建库用的模板文件

 SYSPASSWORD = "redhat"                 //SYS管理员密码

 SYSTEMPASSWORD = "redhat"              //SYSTEM管理员密码

 DATAFILEDESTINATION = /u01/app/oradata //数据文件存放目录

 RECOVERYAREADESTINATION=/u01/app/flash_recovery_area    //恢复数据存放目录

 CHARACTERSET = "AL32UTF8"   //字符集，重要!!! 建库后一般不能更改，所以建库前要确定清楚。(CHARACTERSET = "AL32UTF8"

NATIONALCHARACTERSET= "UTF8")

 TOTALMEMORY = "380"    //oracle内存

然后静默建库

dbca -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/dbca.rsp

如此之后数据库创建完成，使用sqlplus命令操作，进行登录

登录的用户采用的system密码为redhat，上述操作都有记录

至此静默安装oracle完成

启动监听：

[oracle@oracle admin]$ lsnrctl start test

查看端口1521是否开启

启动数据库：

[oracle@oracle admin]$ sqlplus /nolog

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Jul 26 14:37:17 2017

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

SQL> conn /as sysdba

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  584568832 bytes

Fixed Size                  2215544 bytes

Variable Size             490733960 bytes

Database Buffers           88080384 bytes

Redo Buffers                3538944 bytes

Database mounted.

Database opened.

连接数据库：

[oracle@oracle admin]$ echo $ORACLE_SID

test

[oracle@oracle admin]$ sqlplus system/redhat@test

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Jul 26 14:42:34 2017

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

ERROR:

ORA-28002: the password will expire within 7 days

Connected to:

Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> 

[oracle@oracle admin]$ echo $SERVICE_NAME

oracle.test

[oracle@oracle admin]$ sqlplus system/redhat@192.168.223.138:1521/oracle.test

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Jul 26 14:44:02 2017

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

ERROR:

ORA-28002: the password will expire within 7 days

Connected to:

Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL>