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.Net Core3.0 实现配置Configuration?相信很多没有经验的人对此束手无策,为此本文总结了问题出现的原因和解决方法,通过这篇文章希望你能解决这个问题。
准备
.NET core和.NET项目配置上有了很大的改变,支持的也更加丰富了比如命令行,环境变量,内存中.NET对象,设置文件等等。.NET项目我们常常把配置信息放到webConfig 或者appConfig中。
错误提示:error : The project file cannot be opened by the project system, because it is missing some critical imports or the referenced SDK cannot be found. Detailed Information:
解决办法:查看本地安装的sdk 与 global.json中制定的版本是否一致:然后修改即可
开始
新建个Asp.net Core web应用程序系统默认创建了appsettings.json ;在应用启动生成主机时调用CreateDefaultBuilder方法,默认会加载appsettings.json。代码如下:
public static IHostBuilder CreateDefaultBuilder(string[] args) { var builder = new HostBuilder(); ​ builder.UseContentRoot(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory()); builder.ConfigureHostConfiguration(config => { config.AddEnvironmentVariables(prefix: "DOTNET_"); if (args != null) { config.AddCommandLine(args); } }); ​ builder.ConfigureAppConfiguration((hostingContext, config) => { var env = hostingContext.HostingEnvironment; ​ config.AddJsonFile("appsettings.json", optional: true, reloadOnChange: true) .AddJsonFile($"appsettings.{env.EnvironmentName}.json", optional: true, reloadOnChange: true); ​ if (env.IsDevelopment() && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(env.ApplicationName)) { var appAssembly = Assembly.Load(new AssemblyName(env.ApplicationName)); if (appAssembly != null) { config.AddUserSecrets(appAssembly, optional: true); } }
利用GetValue,GetSection,GetChildren读取appsettings.json 键值对 。我们打开appsettings.json文件:
将文件读入配置时,会创建一下唯一的分层健来保存配置值:
var jsonValue = $"AllowedHosts:{_config["AllowedHosts"]}"+ "\r\n"; jsonValue += "Logging:LogLevel:Default:" + _config.GetValue<string>("Logging:LogLevel:Default")+ "\r\n"; ​ //GetSection 返回IConfigurationSection;如果未匹配到 返回null //jsonValue += "---" + _config.GetSection("Logging:LogLevel:System"); jsonValue += "Logging:LogLevel:System:" + _config.GetSection("Logging:LogLevel:System").Value+ "\r\n\n"; var logSection = _config.GetSection("Logging:LogLevel"); var configurationSections = logSection.GetChildren(); foreach (var sections in configurationSections) { jsonValue += $"{sections.Path}:{sections.Value}"; jsonValue += "\r\n"; } jsonValue += "\r\n";
配置指定json文件绑定至类
新建一个json文件-AAAppSettings.json
{ "AA": { "RabbitMqHostUrl": "rabbitmq://localhost:5672", "RabbitMqHostName": "localhost", "RabbitMqUserName": "admin", "RabbitMqPassword": "123" } }
使用ConfigureAppConfiguration方法配置指定的json文件
public static IHostBuilder CreateHostBuilder(string[] args) => Host.CreateDefaultBuilder(args) .ConfigureAppConfiguration((hostingContext, config) => { config.SetBasePath(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory()); config.AddJsonFile("AAAppSettings.json", optional: true, reloadOnChange: true); })
使用bind方法绑定到新建的类上如:
public partial class AAConfig { public string RabbitMqHostUrl { get; set; } public string RabbitMqHostName { get; set; } public string RabbitMqUserName { get; set; } public string RabbitMqPassword { get; set; } }
var aaConfig = new AAConfig(); _config.GetSection("AA").Bind(aaConfig); jsonValue += aaConfig.RabbitMqHostUrl + "\r\n"; jsonValue += aaConfig.RabbitMqHostName + "\r\n"; jsonValue += aaConfig.RabbitMqUserName + "\r\n"; jsonValue += aaConfig.RabbitMqPassword + "\r\n"; return jsonValue;
运行输出:
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