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小编给大家分享一下RabbitMQ有哪些工作模式,相信大部分人都还不怎么了解,因此分享这篇文章给大家参考一下,希望大家阅读完这篇文章后大有收获,下面让我们一起去了解一下吧!
在SpringBoot环境下做的代码测试,RabbitMQ的包是用SpringBoot的starter-amqp包引入的。
一个生产者对应一个消费者!!!
1、pom文件
SpringBoot导入rabbitmq 启动包
2、工具类
/** * 〈简述〉
* 〈连接RabbitMQ的工具类〉 * * @create 2020/7/1 * @since 1.0.0 */public class ConnectionUtil { public static Connection getConnection() throws Exception { return getConnection(new Properties()); } private static Connection getConnection(Properties properties) throws Exception { return getConnection(properties.getHost(), properties.getPort(), properties.getvHost(), properties.getUserName(), properties.getPassWord()); } public static Connection getConnection(String host, int port, String vHost, String userName, String passWord) throws Exception { //1、定义连接工厂 ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory(); //2、设置服务器地址 factory.setHost(host); //3、设置端口 factory.setPort(port); //4、设置虚拟主机、用户名、密码 factory.setVirtualHost(vHost); factory.setUsername(userName); factory.setPassword(passWord); //5、通过连接工厂获取连接 Connection connection = factory.newConnection(); return connection; } public static class Properties implements Serializable { String host = "192.168.1.103"; int port = 5672; String vHost = "/"; String userName = "guest"; String passWord = "guest"; public Properties() { } public Properties(String host, int port, String vHost, String userName, String passWord) { this.host = host; this.port = port; this.vHost = vHost; this.userName = userName; this.passWord = passWord; } public String getHost() { return host; } public Properties setHost(String host) { this.host = host; return self(); } public int getPort() { return port; } public Properties setPort(int port) { this.port = port; return self(); } public String getvHost() { return vHost; } public Properties setvHost(String vHost) { this.vHost = vHost; return self(); } public String getUserName() { return userName; } public Properties setUserName(String userName) { this.userName = userName; return self(); } public String getPassWord() { return passWord; } public Properties setPassWord(String passWord) { this.passWord = passWord; return self(); } private Properties self(){ return this; } } }
3、生产者 Producer
/** * 〈简述〉
* 〈简单队列——消息生产者〉 * * @create 2020/7/1 * @since 1.0.0 */public class Producer { private final static String QUEUE_NAME = QueueName.test_simple_queue.toString(); public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { sendMessage(); } public static void sendMessage() throws Exception { //1、获取连接 Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection(); //2、声明信道 Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); //3、声明(创建)队列 channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null); //4、定义消息内容 String message = "hello rabbitmq "; //5、发布消息 channel.basicPublish("", QUEUE_NAME, null, message.getBytes()); System.out.println("[x] Sent'" + message + "'"); //6、关闭通道 channel.close(); //7、关闭连接 connection.close(); } }
4、消费者Consumer
/** * 〈简述〉
* 〈消息消费者〉 * * @create 2020/7/1 * @since 1.0.0 */public class Customer { private final static String QUEUE_NAME = QueueName.test_simple_queue.toString(); public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { getMessage(); } public static void getMessage() throws Exception { //1、获取连接 Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection(); //2、声明通道 Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); //3、声明队列 channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null); //4、定义队列的消费者 Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) { @Override public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException { String msgString = new String(body, "utf-8"); System.out.println("接收的消息:" + msgString); } }; //5、监听队列 /* true:表示自动确认,只要消息从队列中获取,无论消费者获取到消息后是否成功消费,都会认为消息已经成功消费 false:表示手动确认,消费者获取消息后,服务器会将该消息标记为不可用状态,等待消费者的反馈, 如果消费者一直没有反馈,那么该消息将一直处于不可用状态,并且服务器会认为该消费者已经挂掉,不会再给其 发送消息,直到该消费者反馈。 */ channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, consumer); } }
注意这里消费者有自动确认消息和手动确认消息两种模式。
一个生产者对应多个消费者,但是只能有一个消费者获得消息!!!
1、生产者
/** * 〈简述〉
* 〈轮询分发——生产者〉 * * @create 2020/7/3 * @since 1.0.0 */public class Send { private static final String QUEUE_NAME = QueueName.test_work_queue.toString(); public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception { //获取连接 Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection(); //获取channel Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); //声明队列 channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null); for (int i = 0; i < 50; i++) { String msg = "hello " + i; System.out.println("[mq] send:" + msg); channel.basicPublish("", QUEUE_NAME, null, msg.getBytes()); Thread.sleep(i * 20); } channel.close(); connection.close(); } }
2、消费者
这里创建两个消费者
消费者1:每接收一条消息后休眠1秒
/** * 〈简述〉
* 〈接收者〉 * * @create 2020/7/3 * @since 1.0.0 */public class Receive1 { private static final String QUEUE_NAME = QueueName.test_work_queue.toString(); public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception { //获取连接 Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection(); //获取channel、 Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); //声明队列 channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null); //定义一个消费这 Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) { @Override public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException { String msg = new String(body, "utf-8"); System.out.println("[1] Receive1 msg:" + msg); try { Thread.sleep(1000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { System.out.println("[1] done"); } } }; boolean autoAck = false; channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, autoAck, consumer); } }
消费者2:每接收一条消息后休眠2秒
/** * 〈简述〉
* 〈接收者〉 * * @create 2020/7/3 * @since 1.0.0 */public class Receive2 { private static final String QUEUE_NAME = QueueName.test_work_queue.toString(); public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception { //获取连接 Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection(); //获取channel Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); //声明队列 channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null); //定义一个消费这 Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) { @Override public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException { String msg = new String(body, "utf-8"); System.out.println("[2] Receive2 msg:" + msg); try { Thread.sleep(2000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { System.out.println("[2] done"); } } }; boolean autoAck = false; channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, autoAck, consumer); } }
3、测试结果
生产者从0-49依次发送消息
消费者1:接收到偶数
消费者2:接收到奇数
4、结论
轮询分发就是将消息队列中的消息,依次发送给所有消费者。一个消息只能被一个消费者获取。
消费者关闭自动应答,开启手动回执
/** * 〈简述〉
* 〈接收者〉 * * @create 2020/7/3 * @since 1.0.0 */public class Receive2 { private static final String QUEUE_NAME = QueueName.test_work_queue.toString(); public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception { //获取连接 Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection(); //获取channel Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); //声明队列 channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null); channel.basicQos(1);//保证一次只分发一个消息 //定义一个消费这 Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) { @Override public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException { String msg = new String(body, "utf-8"); System.out.println("[2] Receive2 msg:" + msg); try { Thread.sleep(2000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { System.out.println("[2] done"); //手动回执 channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(),false); } } }; boolean autoAck = false;//自动应答 channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, autoAck, consumer); } }
手动回执:消费者完成业务接口方法后可以告知消息队列处理完成,消息队列从队列中取一条消息发送给消费者。
能者多劳:效率高的消费者消费消息多。
一个消费者将消息首先发送到交换器,交换器绑定到多个队列,然后被监听该队列的消费者所接收并消费。
ps:X表示交换器,在RabbitMQ中,交换器主要有四种类型:direct、fanout、topic、headers,这里的交换器是 fanout。下面我们会详细介绍这几种交换器。
1、生产者
/** * 〈简述〉
* 〈订阅模式——生产者〉 * * @create 2020/7/3 * @since 1.0.0 */public class Send { private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = MqName.exchange_fanout.toString(); public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception { //获取连接 Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection(); //获取channel Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); //声明交换机 channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME,"fanout");//分发 //发送消息 String msg = "hello exchange"; System.out.println("[mq] send:" + msg); channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, "", null, msg.getBytes()); channel.close(); connection.close(); } }
2、消费者
注意:两个消费者绑定不同的队列,绑定相同的交换机;
消费者1:绑定队列名=queue_fanout_email1
/** * 〈简述〉
* 〈接收者〉 * * @create 2020/7/3 * @since 1.0.0 */public class Receive1 { private static final String QUEUE_NAME = MqName.queue_fanout_email.toString() + "1"; private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = MqName.exchange_fanout.toString(); public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception { //获取连接 Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection(); //获取channel Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); //声明队列 channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null); //绑定到交换机 channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, ""); //定义一个消费这 Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) { /** * No-op implementation of {@link Consumer#handleDelivery}. * * @param consumerTag * @param envelope * @param properties * @param body */ @Override public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException { String msg = new String(body, "utf-8"); System.out.println("[1] Receive1 msg:" + msg); try { Thread.sleep(1000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { System.out.println("[1] done"); } } }; boolean autoAck = false; channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, autoAck, consumer); } }
消费者2:绑定队列名=queue_fanout_email2
/** * 〈简述〉
* 〈接收者〉 * * @create 2020/7/3 * @since 1.0.0 */public class Receive2 { private static final String QUEUE_NAME = MqName.queue_fanout_email.toString() + "2"; private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = MqName.exchange_fanout.toString(); public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception { //获取连接 Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection(); //获取channel Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); //声明队列 channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null); //绑定到交换机 channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, ""); //定义一个消费这 Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) { /** * No-op implementation of {@link Consumer#handleDelivery}. * * @param consumerTag * @param envelope * @param properties * @param body */ @Override public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException { String msg = new String(body, "utf-8"); System.out.println("[2] Receive2 msg:" + msg); try { Thread.sleep(2000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { System.out.println("[2] done"); } } }; boolean autoAck = false; channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, autoAck, consumer); } }
3、测试结果
如上图,两个消费者获得了同一条消息。即就是,一个消息从交换机同时发送给了两个队列中,监听这两个队列的消费者消费了这个消息;
如果没有队列绑定交换机,则消息将丢失。因为交换机没有存储能力,消息只能存储在队列中。
生产者将消息发送到direct交换器,在绑定队列和交换器的时候有一个路由key,生产者发送的消息会指定一个路由key,那么消息只会发送到相应key相同的队列,接着监听该队列的消费者消费消息。
也就是让消费者有选择性的接收消息。
1、生产者
/** * 〈简述〉
* 〈路由模式-消息发送者〉 * * @create 2020/7/8 * @since 1.0.0 */public class Send { public static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = MqName.exchange_routing.toString(); public static final String ROUTING_KEY = MqName.routing_world.toString(); public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception { //获取连接 Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection(); //获取channel Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); //声明交换机 channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "direct"); String msg = "route message ->" + ROUTING_KEY; System.out.println("对 " + ROUTING_KEY + " 发送消息:" + msg); channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, ROUTING_KEY, null, msg.getBytes()); //关闭连接 channel.close(); connection.close(); } }
2、消费者
注意:两个消费者,绑定相同的交换机,不同的队列,不一样的路由
消费者1:路由=routing_hello
/** * 〈简述〉
* 〈接收消息1〉 * * @create 2020/7/8 * @since 1.0.0 */public class Receive1 { public static final String QUEUE_NAME = MqName.queue_routing_001.toString(); public static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = MqName.exchange_routing.toString(); public static final String ROUTING_KEY_hello = MqName.routing_hello.toString(); public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception { //获取连接 Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection(); //获取channel Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); //声明队列 channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null); //设置预读取数 channel.basicQos(1); //绑定交换机 channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, ROUTING_KEY_hello); Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) { /** * No-op implementation of {@link Consumer#handleDelivery}. * * @param consumerTag * @param envelope * @param properties * @param body */ @Override public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException { String msg = new String(body, "utf-8"); System.out.println(envelope.getRoutingKey() + " [1] Receive1 msg:" + msg); } }; channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, consumer); } }
消费者2:路由1=routing_world 路由2=routing_hello
/** * 〈简述〉
* 〈接收消息2〉 * * @create 2020/7/8 * @since 1.0.0 */public class Receive2 { public static final String QUEUE_NAME = MqName.queue_routing_002.toString(); public static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = MqName.exchange_routing.toString(); public static final String ROUTING_KEY_world = MqName.routing_world.toString(); public static final String ROUTING_KEY_hello = MqName.routing_hello.toString(); public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception { //获取连接 Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection(); //获取channel Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); //声明队列 channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null); //设置预读取数 channel.basicQos(1); //绑定交换机和路由器,可以绑定多个路由 channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, ROUTING_KEY_world); channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, ROUTING_KEY_hello); //定义消息消费者 Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) { /** * No-op implementation of {@link Consumer#handleDelivery}. * * @param consumerTag * @param envelope * @param properties * @param body */ @Override public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException { String msg = new String(body, "utf-8"); System.out.println(envelope.getRoutingKey() + " [2] Receive1 msg:" + msg); } }; //接收消息 channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, consumer); } }
3、测试结果
生产者发送:routing_world
消费者1:没有接收到
消费者2:接收到了
生产者发送:routing_hello
消费者1:接收到了
消费者2:接收到了
路由模式,是以路由规则为导向,引导消息存入符合规则的队列中。再由队列的消费者进行消费的。
上面的路由模式是根据路由key进行完整的匹配(完全相等才发送消息),这里的通配符模式通俗的来讲就是模糊匹配。
符号“#”表示匹配一个或多个词,符号“*”表示匹配一个词。
1、生产者
/** * 〈简述〉
* 〈主题模式-消息发送者〉 * * @create 2020/7/8 * @since 1.0.0 */public class Send { public static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = MqName.exchange_topic.toString(); public static final String ROUTING_KEY = MqName.routing_goods.toString(); public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception { //获取连接 Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection(); //获取channel Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); //声明交换机 channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "topic");// String routingKey = ROUTING_KEY + ".add"; String routingKey = ROUTING_KEY + ".publish";// String routingKey = ROUTING_KEY + ".update"; String msg = "route message ->" + routingKey; channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, routingKey, null, msg.getBytes()); System.out.println("对 " + routingKey + " 发送消息:" + msg); //关闭连接 channel.close(); connection.close(); } }
2、消费者
注意两个消费者,路由的不同
消费者1:路由1=routing_goods.add 路由2=routing_goods.update
/** * 〈简述〉
* 〈接收消息1〉 * * @create 2020/7/8 * @since 1.0.0 */public class Receive1 { public static final String QUEUE_NAME = MqName.queue_topic_001.toString(); public static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = MqName.exchange_topic.toString(); public static final String ROUTING_KEY = MqName.routing_goods.toString(); public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception { //获取连接 Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection(); //获取channel Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); //声明队列 channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null); //设置预读取数 channel.basicQos(1); //绑定交换机 channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, ROUTING_KEY + ".add"); channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, ROUTING_KEY + ".update"); Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) { /** * No-op implementation of {@link Consumer#handleDelivery}. * * @param consumerTag * @param envelope * @param properties * @param body */ @Override public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException { String msg = new String(body, "utf-8"); System.out.println(envelope.getRoutingKey() + " [1] Receive1 msg:" + msg); } }; channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, consumer); } }
消费者2:路由=routing_goods.*
/** * 〈简述〉
* 〈接收消息2〉 * * @create 2020/7/8 * @since 1.0.0 */public class Receive2 { public static final String QUEUE_NAME = MqName.queue_routing_002.toString(); public static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = MqName.exchange_topic.toString(); public static final String ROUTING_KEY = MqName.routing_goods.toString(); public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception { //获取连接 Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection(); //获取channel Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); //声明队列 channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null); //设置预读取数 channel.basicQos(1); //绑定交换机和路由器,可以绑定多个路由 channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, ROUTING_KEY + ".*"); //定义消息消费者 Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) { /** * No-op implementation of {@link Consumer#handleDelivery}. * * @param consumerTag * @param envelope * @param properties * @param body */ @Override public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException { String msg = new String(body, "utf-8"); System.out.println(envelope.getRoutingKey() + " [2] Receive1 msg:" + msg); } }; //接收消息 channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, consumer); } }
3、测试结果
消费者1只能接收到.add 和 .update的消息
消费者2可以接收到.add .publish 和 .update的消息
与路由模式相似,但是,主题模式是一种模糊的匹配方式。
这五种工作模式,可以归为三类:
1、direct 如果路由键完全匹配的话,消息才会被投放到相应的队列。
2、fanout 当发送一条消息到fanout交换器上时,它会把消息投放到所有附加在此交换器上的队列。
3、topic 设置模糊的绑定方式,“*”操作符将“.”视为分隔符,匹配单个字符;“#”操作符没有分块的概念,它将任意“.”均视为关键字的匹配部分,能够匹配多个字符。
4、header headers 交换器允许匹配 AMQP 消息的 header 而非路由键,除此之外,header 交换器和 direct 交换器完全一致,但是性能却差很多,因此基本上不会用到该交换器
以上是RabbitMQ有哪些工作模式的所有内容,感谢各位的阅读!相信大家都有了一定的了解,希望分享的内容对大家有所帮助,如果还想学习更多知识,欢迎关注亿速云行业资讯频道!
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