centos7和centos6.5环境rpm方式安装mysql5.7和mysql5.6详解

发布时间：2020-05-19 23:51:01 作者：Mr_sheng
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centos7和centos6.5环境rpm方式安装mysql5.7和mysql5.6详解

centos环境安装mysql5.7

其实不建议安装mysql5.7 语法和配置可能和以前的版本区别较大，多坑，慎入

1.yum方式安装(不推荐)

a.安装mysql5.7 yum源

centos6:

wget dev.mysql.com/get/mysql-community-release-el6-5.noarch.rpm
yum localinstall mysql-community-release-el6-5.noarch.rpm

centos7:

wget dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-7.noarch.rpm
yum localinstall mysql57-community-release-el7-7.noarch.rpm

yum方式安装：
yum install mysql-community-server

2.rpm方式安装(推荐)
因yum源是在国外下载速度非常慢，建议直接下载后通过本地安装

centos6:
mysql-community-client-5.7.15-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-common-5.7.15-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-5.7.15-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-server-5.7.15-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

centos7:
mysql-community-client-5.7.15-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-common-5.7.15-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-5.7.15-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-server-5.7.15-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

yum localinstall -y mysql-community*.rpm

报错：
Error: Package: 2:postfix-2.6.6-6.el6_7.1.x86_64 (localyum)
Requires: libmysqlclient.so.16(libmysqlclient_16)(64bit)
Removing: mysql-libs-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64 (@anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5)
libmysqlclient.so.16(libmysqlclient_16)(64bit)
Obsoleted By: mysql-community-libs-5.7.15-1.el6.x86_64 (/mysql-community-libs-5.7.15-1.el6.x86_64)
Not found
Updated By: mysql-libs-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64 (localyum)
libmysqlclient.so.16(libmysqlclient_16)(64bit)
Error: Package: 2:postfix-2.6.6-6.el6_7.1.x86_64 (localyum)
Requires: libmysqlclient.so.16()(64bit)
Removing: mysql-libs-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64 (@anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5)
libmysqlclient.so.16()(64bit)
Obsoleted By: mysql-community-libs-5.7.15-1.el6.x86_64 (/mysql-community-libs-5.7.15-1.el6.x86_64)
Not found
Updated By: mysql-libs-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64 (localyum)
libmysqlclient.so.16()(64bit)
You could try using --skip-broken to work around the problem
You could try running: rpm -Va --nofiles --nodigest

解决办法：
rpm -e --nodeps mysql-libs-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64

1）默认 root 密码为空，其实不为空，使用 mysql -u root -p 进行登录失败
2)mysql_secure_installation这个初始化也不行

直接编辑mysql配置文件
vim /etc/my.cnf
加入
skip-grant-tables
注意：要加在[mysqld]的位置

重启数据库

#进入 mysql控制台

# mysql

可能的报错：

ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/tmp/mysql.sock' (111)

解决办法：加上-h227.0.0.1
[root@node2 bin]# mysql -h227.0.0.1 -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.15 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.13 sec)

>use mysql;

# 修改密码
>update user set authentication_string = password('yourpasswd'), password_expired = 'N', password_last_changed = now() where user = 'root';

删掉skip-grant-tables，再次重启即可

添加用户时，报错，是因为密码策略的问题，我们只是测试，密码不需要那么复杂

mysql> grant all privileges on test.* to jack@'%' identified by "test";

ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements

修改密码策略即可
mysql> set global validate_password_policy=0;

mysql5.7开发环境的配置示例：

[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
max_connections=1024
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
sql_mode = "STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,NO_ZERO_DATE,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_UNSIGNED_SUBTRACTION"
[client]
default-character-set = utf8mb4
[mysql]
default-character-set = utf8mb4
[mysqld]
character-set-client-handshake = FALSE
character-set-server = utf8mb4
collation_server = utf8mb4_general_ci
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8mb4'

ucloud mysql5.7配置：

[client]
default-character-set = utf8mb4
[mysql]
default-character-set = utf8mb4
[mysqld]
back_log = 2000
basedir = /opt/udb/program/mysql/mysql-5.7.12
bind-address = 127.0.0.1
binlog-format = MIXED
character-set-client-handshake = 0
character_set_server = utf8mb4
datadir = /opt/udb/instance/mysql-5.7/xxxxxxxx/data
event_scheduler = ON
expire_logs_days = 7
general-log-file = /opt/udb/instance/mysql-5.7/xxxxxxxx/log/mysqld.log
init_connect = 'SET NAMES utf8mb4'
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 377487360
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:100M:autoextend
innodb_data_home_dir = /opt/udb/instance/mysql-5.7/xxxxxxxx/data
innodb_file_per_table = 1
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT
innodb_io_capacity = 2000
innodb_log_buffer_size = 8388608
innodb_log_file_size = 512M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 2
innodb_log_group_home_dir = /opt/udb/instance/mysql-5.7/xxxxxxxx/data
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 50
innodb_open_files = 1024
innodb_read_io_threads = 8
innodb_thread_concurrency = 20
innodb_write_io_threads = 8
key_buffer_size = 33554432
local_infile = 1
log-bin = /opt/udb/instance/mysql-5.7/xxxxxxxx/binlog/mysql-bin.log
log-error = /opt/udb/instance/mysql-5.7/xxxxxxxx/log/mysqld.log
log_bin_trust_function_creators = 1
log_output = TABLE
long_query_time = 3
max_allowed_packet = 16777216
max_connect_errors = 1000000
max_connections = 2000
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8388608
net_buffer_length = 8192
performance_schema = 0
performance_schema_max_table_instances = 200
pid-file = /opt/udb/instance/mysql-5.7/xxxxxxxx/mysqld.pid
port = 3306
query_cache_size = 16777216
read_buffer_size = 262144
read_rnd_buffer_size = 524288
relay-log = /opt/udb/instance/mysql-5.7/xxxxxxxx/relaylog/mysql-relay.log
secure-file-priv = /opt/udb/instance/mysql-5.7/xxxxxxxx/tmp
server-id = 2130706433
skip-slave-start
skip_name_resolve
slave-load-tmpdir = /opt/udb/instance/mysql-5.7/xxxxxxxx/tmp
slave-parallel-type = LOGICAL_CLOCK
slave_parallel_workers = 8
slow-query-log-file = /opt/udb/instance/mysql-5.7/xxxxxxxx/log/mysql-slow.log
slow_query_log = 1
socket = /opt/udb/instance/mysql-5.7/xxxxxxxx/mysqld.sock
sort_buffer_size = 524288
sql_mode = STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,NO_ZERO_DATE,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_UNSIGN
sync_binlog = 1
table_open_cache = 128
thread_cache_size = 50
tmpdir = /opt/udb/instance/mysql-5.7/xxxxxxxx/tmp
user = mysql
[mysqld_safe]
log-error = /opt/udb/instance/mysql-5.7/xxxxxxxx/log/mysqld.log
pid-file = /opt/udb/instance/mysql-5.7/xxxxxxxx/mysqld.pid

centos6.5环境安装mysql5.6

操作系统：centos6.5 x86_64

1.检查下linux是不是已经安装了mysql
rpm -qa | grep -i mysql

#如果安装了先卸载旧的版本
rpm -e --nodeps mysql...

rpm -e --nodeps mysql-libs-5.1.73-5.el6_6.x86_64

2.下载需要的安装包，下载地址：
http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/5.6.html#downloads

MySQL-client-5.6.34-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
MySQL-devel-5.6.34-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
MySQL-server-5.6.34-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

全部安装

yum install numactl -y
rpm -ivh MySQL-*.rpm

3.修改配置文件位置并做相关设置

cp /usr/share/mysql/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf

默认的数据库放在/var/lib/mysql目录下，我们需要将数据库放在/data/yunva/mysqldata 目录下，主要是/var/lib是系统根目录，数据库文件较大的时候系统磁盘空间会不够

vim /etc/my.cnf

innodb_file_per_table = 1
datadir = /data/yunva/mysql/mysqldata
log-bin=/data/yunva/mysql/binlogs/mysql-bin

修改目录权限

chmod 755 /data/yunva/mysql/

mkdir -p /data/yunva/mysql/mysqldata

mkdir /data/yunva/mysql/binlogs/

# 注意必须给mysqldata和mysqlbin目录赋权给mysql否则无法启动
chown -R mysql.mysql /data/yunva/mysql

删除匿名用户
mysql> delete from user where user='' and host='localhost' or host='monitor01';

添加root密码
mysql> update user set password=PASSWORD('pass');
Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 3 Changed: 3 Warnings: 0

mysql> flush privileges;

如果之前的版本有安装，需要重置root密码，可以在my.cnf的mysqld步伐加入，重启mysql，不输入密码即可进数据库
skip-grant-tables

密码默认位置：

# cat /root/.mysql_secret

4.初始化MySQL及设置密码

/usr/bin/mysql_install_db
service mysql start

可能碰到的错误：
明明已经修改了mysql.user表中的root密码，执行命令报错：

mysql> show databases;
ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must SET PASSWORD before executing this statement
mysql> use mysql;
ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must SET PASSWORD before executing this statement

解决办法：
mysql> SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('123');
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

报错：

# rpm -ivh MySQL-server-5.6.34-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
warning: MySQL-server-5.6.34-1.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
error: Failed dependencies:
libnuma.so.1()(64bit) is needed by MySQL-server-5.6.34-1.el6.x86_64
libnuma.so.1(libnuma_1.1)(64bit) is needed by MySQL-server-5.6.34-1.el6.x86_64
libnuma.so.1(libnuma_1.2)(64bit) is needed by MySQL-server-5.6.34-1.el6.x86_64

解决办法：
[root@monitor01 software]# yum install numactl -y

报错：

# service mysql start
Starting MySQL. ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/data/yunva/mysqldata/10-10-50-133.pid).

是因为上级目录/data/yunva对mysql没有权限

解决办法：chown -R mysql.mysq /data/yunva

centos7和centos6.5环境rpm方式安装mysql5.7和mysql5.6详解