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今天就跟大家聊聊有关使用WebApi怎么实现一个通讯加密功能，可能很多人都不太了解，为了让大家更加了解，小编给大家总结了以下内容，希望大家根据这篇文章可以有所收获。
1.需求分析
webapi服务端 有如下接口:
public class ApiTestController : ApiController
{
// GET api/<controller>/5
public object Get(int id)
{
return "value" + id;
}
}
ApiTestController无加密请求
GET /api/apitest?id=10
返回结果
response "value10"
我们想要达到的效果为:
Get /api/apitest?aWQ9MTA=
response InZhbHVlMTAi (解密所得 "value10")
或者更多其它方式加密
2.功能分析
要想对现有代码不做任何修改, 我们都知道所有api controller 初始化在router确定之后, 因此我们应在router之前将GET参数和POST的参数进行加密才行.
看下图 webapi 生命周期:
我们看到在 路由routing 之前 有DelegationgHander 层进行消息处理.
因为我们要对每个请求进行参数解密处理,并且又将返回消息进行加密处理, 因此我们 瞄准 MessageProcessingHandler
//
// 摘要:
// A base type for handlers which only do some small processing of request and/or
// response messages.
public abstract class MessageProcessingHandler : DelegatingHandler
{
//
// 摘要:
// Creates an instance of a System.Net.Http.MessageProcessingHandler class.
protected MessageProcessingHandler();
//
// 摘要:
// Creates an instance of a System.Net.Http.MessageProcessingHandler class with
// a specific inner handler.
//
// 参数:
// innerHandler:
// The inner handler which is responsible for processing the HTTP response messages.
protected MessageProcessingHandler(HttpMessageHandler innerHandler);
//
// 摘要:
// Performs processing on each request sent to the server.
//
// 参数:
// request:
// The HTTP request message to process.
//
// cancellationToken:
// A cancellation token that can be used by other objects or threads to receive
// notice of cancellation.
//
// 返回结果:
// Returns System.Net.Http.HttpRequestMessage.The HTTP request message that was
// processed.
protected abstract HttpRequestMessage ProcessRequest(HttpRequestMessage request, CancellationToken cancellationToken);
//
// 摘要:
// Perform processing on each response from the server.
//
// 参数:
// response:
// The HTTP response message to process.
//
// cancellationToken:
// A cancellation token that can be used by other objects or threads to receive
// notice of cancellation.
//
// 返回结果:
// Returns System.Net.Http.HttpResponseMessage.The HTTP response message that was
// processed.
protected abstract HttpResponseMessage ProcessResponse(HttpResponseMessage response, CancellationToken cancellationToken);
//
// 摘要:
// Sends an HTTP request to the inner handler to send to the server as an asynchronous
// operation.
//
// 参数:
// request:
// The HTTP request message to send to the server.
//
// cancellationToken:
// A cancellation token that can be used by other objects or threads to receive
// notice of cancellation.
//
// 返回结果:
// Returns System.Threading.Tasks.Task`1.The task object representing the asynchronous
// operation.
//
// 异常:
// T:System.ArgumentNullException:
// The request was null.
protected internal sealed override Task<HttpResponseMessage> SendAsync(HttpRequestMessage request, CancellationToken cancellationToken);
}
MessageProcessingHandler三. 实践:
现在我们将来 先实现2个版本的通讯加密解密功能,定为 版本1.0 base64加密, 版本1.1 Des加密
/// <summary>
/// 加密解密接口
/// </summary>
public interface IMessageEnCryption
{
/// <summary>
/// 加密
/// </summary>
/// <param name="content"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
string Encode(string content);
/// <summary>
/// 解密
/// </summary>
/// <param name="content"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
string Decode(string content);
}
IMessageEnCryption编写版本1.0 base64加密解密
/// <summary>
/// 加解密 只做 base64
/// </summary>
public class MessageEncryptionVersion1_0 : IMessageEnCryption
{
public string Decode(string content)
{
return content?.DecryptBase64();
}
public string Encode(string content)
{
return content.EncryptBase64();
}
}
MessageEncryptionVersion1_0编写版本1.1 des加密解密
/// <summary>
/// 数据加解密 des
/// </summary>
public class MessageEncryptionVersion1_1 : IMessageEnCryption
{
public static readonly string KEY = "fHil/4]0";
public string Decode(string content)
{
return content.DecryptDES(KEY);
}
public string Encode(string content)
{
return content.EncryptDES(KEY);
}
}
MessageEncryptionVersion1_1附上加密解密的基本的一个封装类
public static class EncrypExtends
{
//默认密钥向量
private static byte[] Keys = { 0x12, 0x34, 0x56, 0x78, 0x90, 0xAB, 0xCD, 0xEF };
internal static string Key = "*@&$(@#H";
//// <summary>
/// DES加密字符串
/// </summary>
/// <param name="encryptString">待加密的字符串</param>
/// <param name="encryptKey">加密密钥,要求为8位</param>
/// <returns>加密成功返回加密后的字符串，失败返回源串</returns>
public static string EncryptDES(this string encryptString, string encryptKey)
{
try
{
byte[] rgbKey = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(encryptKey.Substring(0, 8));
byte[] rgbIV = Keys;
byte[] inputByteArray = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(encryptString);
DESCryptoServiceProvider dCSP = new DESCryptoServiceProvider();
MemoryStream mStream = new MemoryStream();
CryptoStream cStream = new CryptoStream(mStream, dCSP.CreateEncryptor(rgbKey, rgbIV), CryptoStreamMode.Write);
cStream.Write(inputByteArray, 0, inputByteArray.Length);
cStream.FlushFinalBlock();
return Convert.ToBase64String(mStream.ToArray());
}
catch
{
return encryptString;
}
}
//// <summary>
/// DES解密字符串
/// </summary>
/// <param name="decryptString">待解密的字符串</param>
/// <param name="decryptKey">解密密钥,要求为8位,和加密密钥相同</param>
/// <returns>解密成功返回解密后的字符串，失败返源串</returns>
public static string DecryptDES(this string decryptString, string key)
{
try
{
byte[] rgbKey = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(key.Substring(0, 8));
byte[] rgbIV = Keys;
byte[] inputByteArray = Convert.FromBase64String(decryptString);
DESCryptoServiceProvider DCSP = new DESCryptoServiceProvider();
MemoryStream mStream = new MemoryStream();
CryptoStream cStream = new CryptoStream(mStream, DCSP.CreateDecryptor(rgbKey, rgbIV), CryptoStreamMode.Write);
cStream.Write(inputByteArray, 0, inputByteArray.Length);
cStream.FlushFinalBlock();
return Encoding.UTF8.GetString(mStream.ToArray());
}
catch
{
return decryptString;
}
}
public static string EncryptBase64(this string encryptString)
{
return Convert.ToBase64String(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(encryptString));
}
public static string DecryptBase64(this string encryptString)
{
return Encoding.UTF8.GetString(Convert.FromBase64String(encryptString));
}
public static string DecodeUrl(this string cryptString)
{
return System.Web.HttpUtility.UrlDecode(cryptString);
}
public static string EncodeUrl(this string cryptString)
{
return System.Web.HttpUtility.UrlEncode(cryptString);
}
}
EncrypExtendsOK! 到此我们前题工作已经完成了80%,开始进行HTTP请求的 消息进和出的加密解密功能的实现.
我们暂时将加密的版本信息定义为 HTTP header头中 以 api_version 的value 来判别分别是用何种方式加密解密
header例:
api_version: 1.0
api_version: 1.1
/// <summary>
/// API消息请求处理
/// </summary>
public class JoyMessageHandler : MessageProcessingHandler
{
/// <summary>
/// 接收到request时 处理
/// </summary>
/// <param name="request"></param>
/// <param name="cancellationToken"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
protected override HttpRequestMessage ProcessRequest(HttpRequestMessage request, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
if (request.Content.IsMimeMultipartContent())
return request;
// 获取请求头中 api_version版本号
var ver = System.Web.HttpContext.Current.Request.Headers.GetValues("api_version")?.FirstOrDefault();
// 根据api_version版本号获取加密对象, 如果为null 则不需要加密
var encrypt = MessageEncryptionCreator.GetInstance(ver);
if (encrypt != null)
{
// 读取请求body中的数据
string baseContent = request.Content.ReadAsStringAsync().Result;
// 获取加密的信息
// 兼容 body: 加密数据 和 body: code=加密数据
baseContent = baseContent.Match("(code=)*(?<code>[\\S]+)", 2);
// URL解码数据
baseContent = baseContent.DecodeUrl();
// 用加密对象解密数据
baseContent = encrypt.Decode(baseContent);
string baseQuery = string.Empty;
if (!request.RequestUri.Query.IsNullOrEmpty())
{
// 同 body
// 读取请求 url query数据
baseQuery = request.RequestUri.Query.Substring(1);
baseQuery = baseQuery.Match("(code=)*(?<code>[\\S]+)", 2);
baseQuery = baseQuery.DecodeUrl();
baseQuery = encrypt.Decode(baseQuery);
}
// 将解密后的 URL 重置URL请求
request.RequestUri = new Uri($"{request.RequestUri.AbsoluteUri.Split('?')[0]}?{baseQuery}");
// 将解密后的BODY数据 重置
request.Content = new StringContent(baseContent);
}
return request;
}
/// <summary>
/// 处理将要向客户端response时
/// </summary>
/// <param name="response"></param>
/// <param name="cancellationToken"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
protected override HttpResponseMessage ProcessResponse(HttpResponseMessage response, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
//var isMediaType = response.Content.Headers.ContentType.MediaType.Equals(mediaTypeName, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
var ver = System.Web.HttpContext.Current.Request.Headers.GetValues("api_version")?.FirstOrDefault();
var encrypt = MessageEncryptionCreator.GetInstance(ver);
if (encrypt != null)
{
if (response.StatusCode == HttpStatusCode.OK)
{
var result = response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync().Result;
// 返回消息 进行加密
var encodeResult = encrypt.Encode(result);
response.Content = new StringContent(encodeResult);
}
}
return response;
}
}
JoyMessageHandler最后在 webapiconfig 中将我们的消息处理添加到容器中
public static class WebApiConfig
{
public static void Register(HttpConfiguration config)
{
// Web API 配置和服务
// 将 Web API 配置为仅使用不记名令牌身份验证。
config.SuppressDefaultHostAuthentication();
config.Filters.Add(new HostAuthenticationFilter(OAuthDefaults.AuthenticationType));
// Web API 路由
config.MapHttpAttributeRoutes();
config.Routes.MapHttpRoute(
name: "DefaultApi",
routeTemplate: "api/{controller}/{id}",
defaults: new { id = RouteParameter.Optional }
);
// 添加自定义消息处理
config.MessageHandlers.Add(new JoyMessageHandler());
}
}
WebApiConfig编写单元测试:
[TestMethod()]
public void GetTest()
{
var id = 10;
var resultSuccess = $"\"value{id}\"";
//不加密
Trace.WriteLine($"without encryption.");
var url = $"api/ApiTest?id={id}";
Trace.WriteLine($"get url : {url}");
var response = http.GetAsync(url).Result;
var result = response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync().Result;
Assert.AreEqual(result, resultSuccess);
Trace.WriteLine($"result : {result}");
//使用 方案1加密
Trace.WriteLine($"encryption case one.");
url = $"api/ApiTest?code=" + $"id={id}".EncryptBase64().EncodeUrl();
Trace.WriteLine($"get url : {url}");
http.DefaultRequestHeaders.Clear();
http.DefaultRequestHeaders.Add("api_version", "1.0");
response = http.GetAsync(url).Result;
result = response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync().Result;
Trace.WriteLine($"result : {result}");
result = result.DecryptBase64();
Trace.WriteLine($"DecryptBase64 : {result}");
Assert.AreEqual(result, resultSuccess);
//使用 方案2 加密通讯
Trace.WriteLine($"encryption case one.");
url = $"api/ApiTest?code=" + $"id={id}".EncryptDES(MessageEncryptionVersion1_1.KEY).EncodeUrl();
Trace.WriteLine($"get url : {url}");
http.DefaultRequestHeaders.Clear();
http.DefaultRequestHeaders.Add("api_version", "1.1");
response = http.GetAsync(url).Result;
result = response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync().Result;
Trace.WriteLine($"result : {result}");
result = result.DecryptDES(MessageEncryptionVersion1_1.KEY);
Trace.WriteLine($"DecryptBase64 : {result}");
Assert.AreEqual(result, resultSuccess);
}
ApiTestControllerTests看完上述内容，你们对使用WebApi怎么实现一个通讯加密功能有进一步的了解吗？如果还想了解更多知识或者相关内容，请关注亿速云行业资讯频道，感谢大家的支持。
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