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本篇内容介绍了“如何为ASP.NET MVC及WebApi添加路由优先级”的有关知识，在实际案例的操作过程中，不少人都会遇到这样的困境，接下来就让小编带领大家学习一下如何处理这些情况吧！希望大家仔细阅读，能够学有所成！
一、为什么需要路由优先级
大家都知道我们在Asp.Net MVC项目或WebApi项目中注册路由是没有优先级的，当项目比较大、或有多个区域、或多个Web项目、或采用插件式框架开发时，我们的路由注册很可能 不是写在一个文件中的，而是分散在很多不同项目的文件中，这样一来，路由的优先级的问题就突显出来了。
比如： App_Start/RouteConfig.cs中
routes.MapRoute(
name: "Default",
url: "{controller}/{action}/{id}",
defaults: new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }
);
Areas/Admin/AdminAreaRegistration.cs中
context.MapRoute(
name: "Login",
url: "login",
defaults: new { area = "Admin", controller = "Account", action = "Login", id = UrlParameter.Optional },
namespaces: new string[] { "Wenku.Admin.Controllers" }
);假如是先注册上面那个通用的default路由，再注册这个login的路由，那么无论怎么样，都会先匹配第一个满足条件的路由，也就是第两个路由注册是无效的。
造成这个问题的原因就是这两个路由注册的顺序问题，而Asp.Net MVC及WebApi中注册路由都没有优先级这个概念，所以今天我们就是要自己实现这个想法，在注册路由时加入一个优先级的概念。
二、解决思路
1、先分析路由注册的入口，比如我们新建一个mvc4.0的项目
public class MvcApplication : System.Web.HttpApplication
{
protected void Application_Start()
{
AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas();
WebApiConfig.Register(GlobalConfiguration.Configuration);
FilterConfig.RegisterGlobalFilters(GlobalFilters.Filters);
RouteConfig.RegisterRoutes(RouteTable.Routes);
}
}Mvc路由的注册入口有两个：
a. AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas(); 注册区域路由
b. RouteConfig.RegisterRoutes(RouteTable.Routes); 注册项目路由
WebApi路由注册入口有一个：
WebApiConfig.Register(GlobalConfiguration.Configuration); 注册WebApi路由
2、注册路由的处理类分析
AreaRegistrationContext
RouteCollection
HttpRouteCollection
注册路由时主要是由这三个类来注册处理路由的。
3、路由优先级方案
a、更改路由的注册入口
b、自定义一个路由的结构类RoutePriority及HttpRoutePriority，这两个类下面都有Priority这个属性
c、自定一个RegistrationContext来注册路由，注册的对象为上述自定义路由。
d、所有的路由注册完成之后再按优先顺序添加到RouteCollection及HttpRouteCollection中实际生效。
三、具体实现
1、路由定义
public class RoutePriority : Route
{
public string Name { get; set; }
public int Priority { get; set; }
public RoutePriority(string url, IRouteHandler routeHandler)
: base(url,routeHandler)
{
}
}
public class HttpRoutePriority
{
public string Name { get; set; }
public int Priority { get; set; }
public string RouteTemplate{get;set;}
public object Defaults{get;set;}
public object Constraints{get;set;}
public HttpMessageHandler Handler{get;set;}
}2、定义路由注册的接口
public interface IRouteRegister
{
void Register(RegistrationContext context);
}3、定义路由注册上下文类
public class RegistrationContext
{
#region mvc
public List<RoutePriority> Routes = new List<RoutePriority>();
public RoutePriority MapRoute(string name, string url,int priority=0)
{
return MapRoute(name, url, (object)null /* defaults */, priority);
}
public RoutePriority MapRoute(string name, string url, object defaults, int priority = 0)
{
return MapRoute(name, url, defaults, (object)null /* constraints */, priority);
}
public RoutePriority MapRoute(string name, string url, object defaults, object constraints, int priority = 0)
{
return MapRoute(name, url, defaults, constraints, null /* namespaces */, priority);
}
public RoutePriority MapRoute(string name, string url, string[] namespaces, int priority = 0)
{
return MapRoute(name, url, (object)null /* defaults */, namespaces, priority);
}
public RoutePriority MapRoute(string name, string url, object defaults, string[] namespaces,int priority=0)
{
return MapRoute(name, url, defaults, null /* constraints */, namespaces, priority);
}
public RoutePriority MapRoute(string name, string url, object defaults, object constraints, string[] namespaces, int priority = 0)
{
var route = MapPriorityRoute(name, url, defaults, constraints, namespaces, priority);
var areaName = GetAreaName(defaults);
route.DataTokens["area"] = areaName;
// disabling the namespace lookup fallback mechanism keeps this areas from accidentally picking up
// controllers belonging to other areas
bool useNamespaceFallback = (namespaces == null || namespaces.Length == 0);
route.DataTokens["UseNamespaceFallback"] = useNamespaceFallback;
return route;
}
private static string GetAreaName(object defaults)
{
if (defaults != null)
{
var property = defaults.GetType().GetProperty("area");
if (property != null)
return (string)property.GetValue(defaults, null);
}
return null;
}
private RoutePriority MapPriorityRoute(string name, string url, object defaults, object constraints, string[] namespaces,int priority)
{
if (url == null)
{
throw new ArgumentNullException("url");
}
var route = new RoutePriority(url, new MvcRouteHandler())
{
Name = name,
Priority = priority,
Defaults = CreateRouteValueDictionary(defaults),
Constraints = CreateRouteValueDictionary(constraints),
DataTokens = new RouteValueDictionary()
};
if ((namespaces != null) && (namespaces.Length > 0))
{
route.DataTokens["Namespaces"] = namespaces;
}
Routes.Add(route);
return route;
}
private static RouteValueDictionary CreateRouteValueDictionary(object values)
{
var dictionary = values as IDictionary<string, object>;
if (dictionary != null)
{
return new RouteValueDictionary(dictionary);
}
return new RouteValueDictionary(values);
}
#endregion
#region http
public List<HttpRoutePriority> HttpRoutes = new List<HttpRoutePriority>();
public HttpRoutePriority MapHttpRoute(string name, string routeTemplate, int priority = 0)
{
return MapHttpRoute(name, routeTemplate, defaults: null, constraints: null, handler: null, priority: priority);
}
public HttpRoutePriority MapHttpRoute(string name, string routeTemplate, object defaults, int priority = 0)
{
return MapHttpRoute(name, routeTemplate, defaults, constraints: null, handler: null, priority: priority);
}
public HttpRoutePriority MapHttpRoute(string name, string routeTemplate, object defaults, object constraints, int priority = 0)
{
return MapHttpRoute(name, routeTemplate, defaults, constraints, handler: null, priority: priority);
}
public HttpRoutePriority MapHttpRoute(string name, string routeTemplate, object defaults, object constraints, HttpMessageHandler handler, int priority = 0)
{
var httpRoute = new HttpRoutePriority();
httpRoute.Name = name;
httpRoute.RouteTemplate = routeTemplate;
httpRoute.Defaults = defaults;
httpRoute.Constraints = constraints;
httpRoute.Handler = handler;
httpRoute.Priority = priority;
HttpRoutes.Add(httpRoute);
return httpRoute;
}
#endregion
}4、把路由注册处理方法添加到Configuration类中
public static Configuration RegisterRoutePriority(this Configuration config)
{
var typesSoFar = new List<Type>();
var assemblies = GetReferencedAssemblies();
foreach (Assembly assembly in assemblies)
{
var types = assembly.GetTypes().Where(t => typeof(IRouteRegister).IsAssignableFrom(t) && !t.IsAbstract && !t.IsInterface);
typesSoFar.AddRange(types);
}
var context = new RegistrationContext();
foreach (var type in typesSoFar)
{
var obj = (IRouteRegister)Activator.CreateInstance(type);
obj.Register(context);
}
foreach (var route in context.HttpRoutes.OrderByDescending(x => x.Priority))
GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.Routes.MapHttpRoute(route.Name, route.RouteTemplate, route.Defaults, route.Constraints, route.Handler);
foreach (var route in context.Routes.OrderByDescending(x => x.Priority))
RouteTable.Routes.Add(route.Name, route);
return config;
}
private static IEnumerable<Assembly> GetReferencedAssemblies()
{
var assemblies = BuildManager.GetReferencedAssemblies();
foreach (Assembly assembly in assemblies)
yield return assembly;
}
这样一来就大功告成，使用时只需要在Global.asax.cs文件中修改原注册入口为
public class MvcApplication : System.Web.HttpApplication
{
protected void Application_Start()
{
WebApiConfig.Register(GlobalConfiguration.Configuration);
FilterConfig.RegisterGlobalFilters(GlobalFilters.Filters);
RouteConfig.RegisterRoutes(RouteTable.Routes);
Configuration.Instance()
.RegisterComponents()
.RegisterRoutePriority(); //注册自定义路由
}
}
在每个项目中使用只需要要继承自定义路由注册接口IRouteRegister，例如：
public class Registration : IRouteRegister
{
public void Register(RegistrationContext context)
{
//注册后端管理登录路由
context.MapRoute(
name: "Admin_Login",
url: "Admin/login",
defaults: new { area = "Admin", controller = "Account", action = "Login", id = UrlParameter.Optional },
namespaces: new string[] { "Wenku.Admin.Controllers" },
priority: 11
);
//注册后端管理页面默认路由
context.MapRoute(
name: "Admin_default",
url: "Admin/{controller}/{action}/{id}",
defaults: new { area = "Admin", controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional },
namespaces: new string[] { "Wenku.Admin.Controllers" },
priority: 10
);
//注册手机访问WebApi路由
context.MapHttpRoute(
name: "Mobile_Api",
routeTemplate: "api/mobile/{controller}/{action}/{id}",
defaults: new
{
area = "mobile",
action = RouteParameter.Optional,
id = RouteParameter.Optional,
namespaceName = new string[] { "Wenku.Mobile.Http" }
},
constraints: new { action = new StartWithConstraint() },
priority: 0
);
}
}“如何为ASP.NET MVC及WebApi添加路由优先级”的内容就介绍到这里了，感谢大家的阅读。如果想了解更多行业相关的知识可以关注亿速云网站，小编将为大家输出更多高质量的实用文章！
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